119# “那自称是犹太人、其实不是的人的毁谤”表示那些认为自己因拥有圣言而处于良善和真理的知识，然而却不是之人的辱骂。这从“毁谤”和“犹太人”的含义清楚可知：“毁谤”是指指责和辱骂；“犹太人”是指那些处于来自圣言的良善和真理的知识之人；因为“犹大”在圣言的至高意义上表示属天之爱方面的主，在内在意义上表示主的属天国度和圣言，在外在意义上表示取自圣言的教义，这教义属于属天教会(参看《属天的奥秘》，3881, 6363节)。由此可见，“那自称是犹太人、其实不是的人的毁谤”表示那些声称自己因拥有圣言而承认主，在祂的国度和真教义中，然而却不是的人，一般来说，那些声称自己处于来自圣言的良善和真理的知识，其实却处于虚假和邪恶之人的指责和辱骂。
那些对圣言的内义一无所知的人只知道在圣言的预言或先知部分，“犹大”和“犹太人”是指犹大和犹太人；但在那里，这些名字不是指这些人，而是指所有处于教会的真教义，因而处于来自圣言的真理和良善的知识之人；在反面意义上是指那些处于假教义，从而玷污圣言的真理和良善之人。所指的，不是犹大和犹太人，这一点仅从以下考虑就能看出来：圣言的一切细节，以及人名和地名都包含内义在里面。内义只论述天堂和教会的事物，故“犹大”和“以色列”这些名字也表示这些事物。由于一个教会在他们中间建立，教会里的一切事物都代表并表示天上的事物，所以他们的名字表示本质上构成教会之物，即在至高意义上表示主自己，在内在意义上表示祂的圣言，在外在意义上表示取自圣言的教义，如前所述。由此清楚可知，那些照字面以为犹太人被带回到迦南地，他们被拣选，并注定优先于其他人而上天堂的人犯了多么大的错误；而事实上，犹太民族只有极少数人能得救，因为除了那些信主的人外，没有人能得救；在世上信主的人离世后仍信祂；但这个民族出于其信仰而完全抛弃了祂。
“犹大”表示其国度和圣言方面的主，这一点从以色列对他儿子的预言可以看出来；当内义解开这个预言时，每个支派在教会代表什么就变得显而易见了。犹大支派代表主的国度，或圣言所在的教会，这一点从论到犹大的话很清楚地看出来：
犹大是个狮子的幼崽; 我儿啊, 你捕获了猎物便上去。权杖必不离犹大, 立法者必不离他两脚之间, 直等细罗来到, 万民都必归顺他；犹大把驴驹拴在葡萄树上, 把母驴的崽子拴在上好的葡萄树上；他在葡萄酒中洗了衣服, 在葡萄的血中洗了袍褂。(创世记49:9–11)
所提到的这些细节表示主的国度，或教会，这一点可见于《属天的奥秘》一书，那里解释了它们。
人若知道“犹大”在至高意义上表示主，在内在意义上表示祂的国度和圣言，在外在意义上表示取自圣言的教义，在反面意义上表示那些否认主，玷污圣言的人，就能知道在圣言的众多经文中，“犹大”表示什么，如以下经文：
雅各家啊，你听吧，那称为以色列名下、从犹大的水中出来的。(以赛亚书48:1)
“雅各家”和“以色列”是指教会；“从犹大的水中出来”是指从出于圣言的教义中出来，因为教会来自这教义。“水”是指出于圣言的教义真理(参看AE71节)。约珥书：
你们把犹大人和耶路撒冷人卖给希腊人，使你们远离他们的边界。到那日，犹大溪河都有水流，必有泉源从耶和华家中流出来，犹大必存到永远。(约珥书3:6, 18, 20)
“把犹大人和耶路撒冷人卖给希腊人”表示歪曲教会的良善和真理；“到那日”表示当那教会结束，一个新教会在外邦人当中建立时；“犹大溪河都有水流”表示对那些在新教会的人来说，来自圣言的真理和良善的丰盛；“泉源从耶和华家中流出来”表示这些来自圣言。由此清楚可知，“必存到永远的犹大”不是指犹大或犹太民族，而是指所有通过来自圣言的真理而处于良善的人。
在以下经文中，“犹大”表示类似事物：
我要怜悯犹大家，拯救他们。犹大人和以色列人必一同聚集，为自己设立一个头，从这地上来；因为耶和华的日子必为大。(何西阿书1:7, 11)
撒迦利亚书：
那时，必有许多民族归附耶和华，作我的子民，因为我要住在你中间；那时，耶和华必使犹大成为自己的产业，作祂圣地的分，必再度拣选耶路撒冷。(撒迦利亚书2:11, 12)
又：
万军之耶和华眷顾祂的羊群，就是犹大家，必使他们如战场上荣耀的马；我必使犹大家强盛。(撒迦利亚书10:3, 6)
诗篇：
神要拯救锡安，建造犹大的城邑；他们要在那里居住，继承它；祂仆人的种也要继承它；爱祂名的人要住在其中。(诗篇69:35, 36)
以赛亚书：
我必从雅各中领出种来，从犹大中领出承受我众山的，我拣选的人必拥有它。(以赛亚书65:9)
此外还有其它许多经文。在圣言中犹太民族被称为“选民”和“继承者或承受者”的这些和其它地方，所指的，都不是犹太民族，这一点从《新耶路撒冷及其属天教义》(248节)一书引用《属天的奥秘》中关于犹太民族的内容可以看出来。由此可见“那自称是犹太人、其实不是的人的毁谤”表示什么。
119. And the blasphemy of them that say they are Jews, and are not. That this signifies vituperation from those who think themselves to be in the knowledges of good and truth because they have the Word, and yet it is not so, is evident from the signification of blasphemy, as being scandalous reproach and vituperation; and from the signification of Jews, as being those who are in the knowledges of good and truth from the Word; for Judah, in the highest sense of the Word, signifies the Lord as to celestial love, in the internal sense, the celestial kingdom of the Lord, and the Word, and in the external sense doctrine from the Word, which is of the celestial church (as may be seen, Arcana Coelestia 3881, 6363). It is therefore evident by the blasphemy of those who say they are Jews and are not is signified scandalous reproach and vituperation from those who say that they acknowledge the Lord, and are in His kingdom, and in true doctrine because they have the Word, and yet are not; and, in general, those who say they are in the knowledges of good and truth from the Word, and nevertheless are in falsities and evils.
[2] Those who are ignorant of the internal sense of the Word, cannot but suppose that, in the prophetic parts of the Word, by Judah and the Jews are meant Judah and the Jews; but these are not there meant by these names, but all those who are in the true doctrine of the church, thus those who are in the knowledges of good and truth from the Word; and, in the opposite sense, those who are in false doctrine, thus who adulterate the truths and goods of the Word. That Judah and the Jews are not meant is evident from this consideration alone, that there is an internal sense in all the details of the Word, and also in the names of persons and places. This sense treats solely of the things of heaven and the church, therefore such things are also signified by the names Judah and Israel. And whereas a church was instituted with them in which all things were representative and significative of celestial things, therefore by their names was signified that which essentially constitutes the church, namely, in the highest sense, the Lord Himself; in the internal sense, His Word; and, in the external sense, doctrine from the Word, as said above.
It is therefore evident how much those are mistaken who believe, according to the letter, that the Jews are to be brought back into the land of Canaan, and that they are elected and destined for heaven in preference to others; whereas few from that nation are saved, because none are saved but those who believe in the Lord; and he who believes in the Lord in the world, believes in Him after his departure out of the world; but that nation altogether casts Him out from its belief.
[3] That by Judah is meant the Lord as to His kingdom and as to the Word, may be seen from the prophecy of Israel concerning his sons, which, when it is unfolded by the internal sense, shows what each tribe represented in the church. That the tribe of Judah represented the Lord's kingdom, or the church where the Word is, is quite clear from what is said concerning Judah:
"Judah is a lion's whelp; from the prey, my son, thou art gone up. The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a law-giver from between his feet, until Shiloh come, and unto him shall the gathering of the people be; who shall bind to the vine the foal of his ass, and to the noble vine the son of his she-ass; whilst he washeth his garment in wine, and his covering in the blood of grapes" (Genesis 49:9, 10, 11).
That the particulars mentioned signify the Lord's kingdom, or the church, may be seen in Arcana Coelestia, where they are explained.
[4] He who knows that by Judah, in the highest sense, is meant the Lord, and, in the internal sense, His kingdom and Word, and in the external sense doctrine from the Word, also, in an opposite sense, those who deny the Lord and adulterate the Word, may know what is signified by Judah in many other places of the Word; as in these following:
"Hear ye, O house of Jacob, called by the name of Israel, and they have gone forth from the waters of Judah" (Isaiah 48:1).
The house of Jacob, and Israel, is the church; to go forth from the waters of Judah signifies from doctrine out of the Word, for the church is thence. (That waters denote truths of doctrine from the Word, may be seen above, n. Joel 3:6, 18, 20).
To sell the sons of Judah and the sons of Jerusalem to the sons of the Grecians, is to falsify the goods and truths of the church; in that day, denotes when that church is at its end and a new one established among the Gentiles; all the rivers of Judah shall flow with waters, signifies abundance of truths and goods from the Word, to those who are in the New Church; that these are from the Word is signified by the fountain going forth out of the house of Jehovah. It is therefore clear that by Judah who shall sit to eternity, is not meant Judah, or the Jewish nation, but all those who are in good by means of truths from the Word.
[5] Similar things are meant by Judah in the following passages:
"I will have mercy upon the house of Judah, and will save them. Then shall the sons of Judah and the sons of Israel be gathered together, and appoint themselves one head, and they shall come up out of the land; for great is the day of Jezreel" (The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 248.) From these considerations it is now evident what is signified by "The blasphemy of those who say they are Jews, and are not."
119. And the blasphemy of them who say that they are Jews and they are not, signifies denunciation by those who think themselves to be in the knowledges of good and truth because they have the Word, and yet they are not. This is evident from the signification of "blasphemy," as being reviling and denunciation; and from the signification of "Jews," as being those who are in the knowledges of good and truth from the Word; for "Judah," in the highest sense of the Word, signifies the Lord in respect to celestial love, in the internal sense the Lord's celestial kingdom and the Word, and in the external sense doctrine from the Word, which is of the celestial church (See Arcana Coelestia, 3881, 6363). From this it can be seen that by the "blasphemy of them who say that they are Jews and they are not," is signified reviling and denunciation by those who say that they acknowledge the Lord, and are in His kingdom and in true doctrine, because they have the Word, and yet they are not; in general, those who say that they are in the knowledges of good and truth from the Word, and yet are in falsities and evils.
[2] Those who know nothing of the internal sense of the Word cannot know otherwise than that by "Judah" and "Jews," in the prophetical parts of the word, are meant Judah and the Jews; these, however are not there meant by their names, but all who are in the true doctrine of the church, thus who are in the knowledges of good and truth from the Word; and in the contrary sense, those who are in false doctrine, thus who have adulterated the truths and goods of the Word. That Judah and the Jews are not meant can be seen merely from this, that there is an internal sense in every particular of the Word, and also in the names of persons and places; and that nothing is treated of in this sense except what pertains to heaven and the church; such things, therefore, must also be signified by the names "Judah" and "Israel." And as with them a church was instituted in which all things were representative and significative of things heavenly, so by their names was signified that which essentially makes the church, namely, in the highest sense, the Lord Himself; in the internal sense His Word; and in the external sense doctrine from the Word, as was said above. From this it is clear how greatly those are mistaken who believe, according to the letter, that the Jews are to be brought back into the land of Canaan, and that they have been chosen and destined for heaven in preference to others; when yet but few from that nation are saved, since none are saved except those who believe in the Lord; and he who believes in the Lord in the world, believes in Him after death; but that nation has altogether rejected Him from its faith.
[3] That by "Judah" is meant the Lord in respect to His kingdom and the Word can be seen from the prophecy of Israel regarding his sons; when this is unfolded by the internal sense it is clear what each tribe represented in the church. It is clearly evident that the tribe of Judah represented the Lord's kingdom, or the church where the Word is; for it is said of Judah:
Judah is a lion's whelp; from the prey, my son, thou art gone up. The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and upon Him shall the clinging of the people be; who shall bind to the vine the foal of His ass, and to the noble vine the son of His she-ass; whilst He shall have washed His garment in wine, and His vesture in the blood of grapes (Genesis 49:9-11).
That these particulars signify the Lord's kingdom or the church, may be seen in the Arcana Coelestia, where they are explained.
[4] He who knows that by "Judah" is meant in the highest sense the Lord, and in the internal sense His kingdom and the Word, and in the external sense doctrine from the Word, also in a contrary sense those who deny the Lord and adulterate the Word, can know what is signified by "Judah" in very many passages of the Word, as in the following:
Hear ye, O house of Jacob, called by the name of Israel, and who are come forth out of the waters of Judah (Isaiah 48:1).
The "house of Jacob" and "Israel" is the church; "to come forth out of the waters of Judah" signifies out of doctrine from the Word, for the church is from that. That "waters" denote the truths of doctrine out of the Word, see above (n. Joel 3:6, 18, 20).
"To sell the sons of Judah and the sons of Jerusalem to the sons of the Grecians" is to falsify the goods and truths of the church; "in that day" means when there is an end of that church and a new church has been established among the Gentiles; "all the brooks of Judah shall flow with waters" signifies the abundance of truth and good from the Word, for those who are in the new church; that these are from the Word is signified by the "fountain going forth out of the house of Jehovah." From this it is evident that by "Judah," who "shall sit to eternity," is not meant Judah or the Jewish nation, but all those who are in good by means of truths from the Word.
[5] Like things are meant by "Judah" in the following passages:
I will have mercy upon the house of Judah, and will save them. And the sons of Judah and the sons of Israel shall be gathered together, and they shall put over themselves one head, and they shall go up from the land; for great is the day of Jehovah 1(The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 248). From this now can be seen what is signified by the "blasphemy of them who say that they are Jews, and they are not."
Footnotes:
1. In Hebrew "Jezreel," instead of "Jehovah"; in Doctrine of the Lord 4, we have "Israel," cf. Arcana Coelestia 3580.
119. "Et blasphemiam dicentium Judaeos esse se et non sunt." - Quod significet invectionem ab illis qui putant se in cognitionibus boni et veri esse, quia habent Verbum, et tamen non sunt, constat ex significatione "blasphemiae", quod sit vituperatio et invectio; et ex significatione "judaeorum", quod sint qui in cognitionibus boni et veri ex Verbo sunt, nam "Judah" in Verbi sensu supremo significat Dominum quoad amorem caelestem, in sensu interno regnum caeleste Domini et Verbum, et in sensu externo doctrinam e Verbo quae ecclesiae caelestis (videatur in Arcanis Caelestibus, n. 3881, 6363): inde constare potest quod per "blasphemiam dicentium se Judaeos esse et non sunt", significetur vituperatio et invectio ab illis qui dicunt se agnoscere Dominum, et esse in regno Ipsius, inque vera doctrina, quia habent Verbum, et non tamen sunt; in genere, qui dicunt se in cognitionibus boni et veri esse ex Verbo, et tamen in falsis et malis sunt.
[2] Qui nihil de sensu interno Verbi norunt, non aliter scire possunt quam quod in propheticis Verbi per "Jehudam" et "Judaeos"' intelligantur Jehudah et Judaei; ast per nomina eorum ibi non illi intelliguntur, sed omnes qui in vera doctrina ecclesiae sunt, ita qui in cognitionibus boni et veri ex Verbo, et in opposito sensu illi qui in falsa doctrina sunt, ita qui vera et bona Verbi adulteraverunt. Quod non Jehudah et Judaei sint intellecti, constare solum potest ex eo, quod sensus internus sit in singulis Verbi, et quoque in nominibus personarum et locorum, et quod in illo sensu non agatur nisi de rebus caeli et ecclesiae, inde quoque per nomina "Jehudae" et "Israelis"; et quia apud illos instituta fuit ecclesia in qua repraesentativa et significativa caelestium fuerunt omnia, ideo per nomina eorum significatum est id quod essentialiter facit ecclesiam, nempe in supremo sensu Ipse Dominus, et in interno Verbum Ipsius, ac in externo doctrina ex Verbo, ut supra dictum est. Inde patet quantum hallucinantur qui Secundum litteram credunt quod Judaei reducendi sint in Terram Canaanem, et quod illi electi et destinati sint ad caelum prae aliis; cum tamen pauci ex illa gente salvantur, quoniam non alii salvantur quam qui credunt in Dominum; et qui credit in Dominum in mundo, is credit in Ipsum post obitum; et illa gens prorsus a sua fide rejecit Ipsum.
[3] Quod per "Jehudam" intelligatur Dominus quoad regnum suum et quoad Verbum, constare potest a prophetico Israelis de filiis suis, quod cum evolvitur per sensum internum patet quid unaquaevis tribus in ecclesia repraesentavit. Quod tribus Jehudae repraesentaverit regnum Domini seu ecclesiam ubi Verbum, constat manifeste; nam de Jehudah dicitur,
"Catulus leonis Jehudah, a praeda ascendisti, fili mi:... non recedet sceptrum de Jehudah, nec legislator ab inter pedes ejus, usque dum Venit Schilo, et Huic adhaesio populorum; qui ligabit ad vitem pullum asininum suum, et ad vitem nobilem filium asinae suae; dum laverit in vino vestimentum suum, et in sanguine uvarum velamen suum" (Genesis 49:11):
quod singula haec significent regnum Domini seu ecclesiam, videatur in Arcanis Caelestibus, ubi illa explicantur.
[4] Qui scit quod per "Jehudam" intelligatur in supremo sensu Dominus, et in interno regnum Ipsius ac Verbum, ac in externo doctrina e Verbo, ac in opposito sensu illi qui negant Dominum et adulterant Verbum, scire potest quid per "Jehudam" plurimis in locis in Verbo significatur ut in sequentibus his:
"Audite domus Jacobi, vocati nomine Israelis, et ex aquis Jehudae exiverunt" (Esaias 48:1);
"domus Jacobi" et "Israelis" est ecclesia; "ex aquis Jehudae exire" est ex doctrina e Verbo, ecclesia enim inde est; quod "aquae" sint vera doctrinae ex Verbo, videatur supra (n. 71).
"Filios Jehudae et filios Hierosolymae Vendidistis filiis Graecorum, ut longe removeatis eos a terminis eorum... Fiet in die omnes rivi Jehudae fluent aquis, et fons e domo Jehovae exibit, ... et Jehudah in aeternum sedebit" ((Joel 4)3:6, 18, 20):
"vendere filios Jehudae et filios Hierosolymae filiis Graecorum", est falsificare bona et vera ecclesiae; "in die illo", est quando finis illius ecclesiae est, et nova apud gentes instaurata; "omnes rivi Jehudae fluent aquis", significant abundantiam veri et boni ex Verbo illis qui in Nova Ecclesia; quod ex Verbo, significatur per quod "fons e domo Jehovae exibit." Inde patet quod per "Jehudam" qui "In aeternum sedebit", non intelligatur Jehudah seu Judaica gens, sed omnes illi qui in bono per vera ex Verbo sunt.
[5] Similia intelliguntur per "Jehudam" in sequentibus his locis: -
"Domus Jehudae miserebor, et salvabo illos et congregabuntur filii Jehudae et filii Israelis una, et ponent sibi caput unum, et ascendent e terra, quia magnus dies "Israelis" (Hoschea 1:7, 11);
"Tunc adhaerebunt gentes multae Jehovae in die illo; erunt Mihi in populum; habitabo namque in te:... tunc Jehovah hereditatem Sibi faciet Jehudam, portionem suam super terra sanctitatis, et eliget iterum Hierosolymam" (Sacharia 2:15, 16 [B.A. 11, 12]);
"Visitabit Jehovah Zebaoth gregem suum, domum Jehudae, et ponet eos (sicut) equum gloriae in bello;... potentem reddam domum Jehudae" (Sacharia 10:3, 6);
"Deus salvabit Zionem, et aedificabit urbes Jehudae et habitabunt ibi, et hereditabunt eam, et semen servorum Illius hereditabunt eam; et amantes nomen Jehovae habitabunt in ea" (Psalms 69:36, 37 [B.A. 35 36]);
"Producam ex Jacobo semen, et ex Jehudah heredem montium meorum, ut possideant eum electi mei" (Esaias 65:9); praeter in plurimis aliis locis.
(Porro quod gens Judaica non intellecta sit in Verbo in illis locis et in aliis ubi vocantur "electi" et "heredes", videri potest ex illis quae de gente illa ex Arcanis Caelestibus allata sunt, in Doctrina Novae Hierosolymae, n. 248.)
Ex his nunc constare potest quid significatur per "blasphemiam dicentium Judaeos esse se, et non sunt."