435# “迦得支派中受印的有一万二千”表示由此而来的生活良善。这从“迦得支派”和“受印的有一万二千”的含义清楚可知：“迦得支派”是指生活的良善(对此，我们很快就会谈到)；“受印的有一万二千”是指所有这样的人都在天堂，并进入天堂，如前两个章节所解释的。在从圣言说明“迦得”和以他命名的支派的代表之前，先要说一说何谓此处“迦得支派”所代表的生活良善。生活良善既有来自一个属天源头的，也有来自一个属灵源头的，又有来自一个属世源头的。来自一个属天源头的生活良善是从对主之爱的良善通过来自这良善的真理而来的生活良善；生活良善是这些的结果。此处“迦得支派”所表示的，就是这种生活良善；因此，它被称为“由此而来的生活良善”，也就是说，它从“犹大支派”所表示的对主之爱的良善通过“流便支派”所表示的来自这良善的真理而来。来自一个属灵源头的生活良善是从对邻之仁的良善通过来自这良善的真理而来的生活良善；这种生活良善由“玛拿西”来表示。
以色列十二支派在此分为四类，每一类都有三个支派。在一个系列中的三个支派表示诸如从开始到结束，或从头到尾完全构成由第一个支派所表示的教会普遍本质成分的那类事物。首先被提名的三个支派，即犹大、流便和迦得支派，表示那些完全构成属天良善的事物；但接下来的三个支派，即亚设、拿弗他利和玛拿西支派，则表示那些完全构成属灵良善的事物。再接下来的支派也是如此。
此外，还有三样事物完全构成并形成每一种普遍本质成分，即爱之良善、来自这良善的真理和由此而来的生活良善。生活良善是其它两者的结果；因为除非有生出来的第三个，否则前两个都不存在；换句话说，除非有生活良善，否则爱之良善和来自这良善的真理都不能存在。这三者就像最终原因，有效的原因和结果。爱之良善是最终原因，来自这良善的真理是有效原因，或说良善通过它被带入结果，生活良善则是结果，前两个原因存在于结果中；这些原因是不存在的，除非有一个结果使它们可以存在并持续存在于其中。再者，这三者就像心跳、肺呼吸和身体动作；这些构成一体。因为如果身体不行动，或不让自己付诸行动，如当人死亡时的情形，那么其它两者就会停止。爱之良善，来自这良善的真理和生活良善也一样。爱之良善就像心，并且在圣言中也由“心”来表示；来自这良善的真理就像肺，在圣言中也由“气息或灵”和“灵魂”来表示；生活良善就像身体，其它两者在其中行动和生活。这三样事物同样在拥有存在的一切事物中，当这三者一起存在时，就有一个完全的形成，或说形成是完整的。
首先解释一下“迦得”或“迦得支派”表示什么。“迦得”在至高意义上表示全能和全知方面的主；在内在意义上表示真理之良善，在外在意义上表示由此而来的作为，也就是生活的良善。“迦得”具有这些含义，是因为圣言的每个部分和细节都有一个至内在意义，一个内在意义和一个外在意义在里面。唯独主在至内在意义中，因至内在意义论述祂，论述祂荣耀祂的人身、按秩序安排众天堂、征服众地狱，并凭祂自己建立教会。因此，每个支派在至内在意义上都表示主的某种属性和作为方面的祂；而内在意义论述天堂和教会，并教导教义。但外在意义上的圣言就是它在字义上的样子。圣言有三层意义，因为天堂有三层；至内在意义或属天意义是给至内层或第三层天堂的，内在意义或属灵意义是给中间或第二层天堂的，外在意义或属灵-属世意义是给第一层或最低层天堂的。
在启示录提到十二支派的这段经文中，“迦得支派”表示生活的良善，因为按顺序它跟在犹大和流便之后，“犹大”表示爱之良善，“流便”表示来自这良善的真理，因此“迦得”表示生活的良善。因为生活的良善从爱之良善通过来自这良善的真理而拥有存在；生活的良善按顺序排在第三位，因为它是前两者的结果，如前所述。
435b.由于生活的良善是属世人的良善，所以约旦河之外的产业给了迦得支派，也给了流便支派和玛拿西半支派。约旦河之外的地表示外在教会，如前所示，从属世人发出的事物属于外在教会。就本身而言，教会本身在内在人或属灵人中；但外在教会在外在人或属世人中；然而，这些必须像原因和结果那样行如一体。
约旦河之外的产业给了迦得支派，这一点明显可见于摩西五经：
约旦河之外的产业，就是放牲畜的地方，给了流便、迦得和玛拿西半支派；给予的条件是，他们要带兵器与其余的人过河，占领迦南地。(民数记32:1–42; 34:14)
申命记：
从基列到亚嫩河河内和边界，直到雅博河，就是亚扪人的边界，我给了流便人和迦得人；又将平原，约旦河，从基尼烈直到海，平原，就是盐海的边界，东边的毗斯迦泉底下，都给了他们。(申命记3:16–17)
约书亚记：
摩西给迦得人定的边界是雅谢和基列的各城，并亚扪人的一半地，直到拉巴面前的亚罗珥；从希实本到拉抹·米斯巴和比多宁。(约书亚记13:24–28)
“迦得”的含义仅从圣言中提到迦得的经文就可以看出来，但从给迦得支派为业的地也可以看出来，无论这些地在圣言中的哪个地方被提及，如希实本，雅谢，拉巴，拉抹·米斯巴，亚嫩河，基尼烈，毗斯迦泉，以及其它许多地方。没有人能知道这些地在灵义上表示什么，除非他知道“流便、迦得支派和玛拿西半支派”的含义，这些地给他他们为业；因为他们表示诸如这些支派在广义和狭义上所表示的那类事物。
如耶利米书：
论亚扪人：以色列没有儿子吗？没有后嗣吗？他们的王为何得迦得之地为业呢？他的民为何住其中的城邑呢？因此，看哪，日子将到，我必使人听见攻击亚扪人的拉巴的战争警报；拉巴必成为一堆废墟，她的女儿必被火焚烧，以色列必承受他们为业。希实本哪，你要哀号，因为艾城已被毁灭；拉巴的女儿啊，你们要呼喊，要腰束麻布，要哀哭，要在城墙内跑来跑去，因为他们的王，他的祭司和首领都必一同流亡。(耶利米书49:1–3)
除非人知道“迦得”和“以色列”表示什么，否则他不可能知道此处“亚扪人”、“希实本”和“拉巴”表示什么。因为拉巴，希实本和亚扪的一半地给了迦得支派为业；因此，这些地表示具体的诸如迦得总体上所表示的那类事物；因为经上说：“亚扪人的王为何得迦得之地为业呢？他的民为何住其中的城邑呢？”圣言中所有的地名、地区名、城名、河名和人名都表示教会的事物。此处“迦得”表示遵行教义之真理的生活良善；“以色列”表示真理方面的教会；“亚扪人”表示对真理的歪曲；“希实本”表示属世人中真理的结实；“拉巴的女儿”表示属世人中对真理的情感，“艾城”表示真理的教义。当知道这些事物时，整段经文的灵义在以下系列中就会看到：“攻击亚扪人”表示反对歪曲真理；“以色列没有儿子吗？没有后嗣吗”表示教会没有真理和良善的知识吗？“以色列”表示教会，“他的儿子”表示真理，“后嗣”表示真理之良善；“他们的王为何得迦得之地为业呢？他的民为何住其中的城邑呢”表示被歪曲的真理为何摧毁了生活良善，又为何扭曲了教导生活良善的教义呢？“看哪，日子将到，我必使人听见攻击亚扪人的拉巴的战争警报；拉巴必成为一堆废墟”表示对这教义的摧毁，或对被歪曲的真理的摧毁，以及对那些处于其中之人的摧毁；“她的女儿必被火焚烧”表示对这教义的情感必成为对邪恶的欲望；“以色列必承受他们为业”表示良善方面的教会要灭亡；“希实本哪，你要哀号，因为艾城已被毁灭”表示不再有来自良善的真理的任何结实，因为真理的教义被摧毁了；“拉巴的女儿啊，你们要呼喊，要腰束麻布，要哀哭”表示不再有对真理的任何情感；“要在城墙内跑来跑去”表示出于虚假的思维和生活；“因为他们的王必流亡”表示因为真理已不复存在；“他的祭司和首领一同”表示良善和良善之真理都不复存在了。这清楚表明，“迦得为业之地”表示具体的“迦得”总体上所表示的那些事物，圣言中提到的地的含义可从它们被给予为业的支派的含义得知。以西结书(48:27)所说的要给迦得支派为业的地表示某种其它事物；显然，所指的，不是迦得支派，而是诸如迦得所表示的那种教会成分，因为那时没有迦得支派，将来也不会有。
“迦得”表示来自教义之真理的生活良善，这一点从摩西对该支派的祝福明显看出来：
他论迦得说，给迦得宽度的受到祝福；他住如狮子，他撕裂膀臂，连头顶也撕裂，他为自己看上初熟的果子；因那里有隐藏的立法者的份；百姓的头从那里来；他施行耶和华的公义，和祂与以色列所立的典章。(申命记33:20–21)
在这些话中，“迦得”描述了遵行来自圣言的真理的生活良善，以及进入该良善的天堂流注。“给迦得宽度的受到祝福”表示来自主进入这良善的真理流注；“宽度”表示真理，“迦得”表示生活的良善，“祝福”表示主自己。“他住如狮子”表示免受虚假伤害；“他撕裂膀臂，连头顶也撕裂”表示被外在和内在的真理滋养，因为在献祭时，“膀臂”和“头顶”就具有这种含义；“他为自己看上初熟的果子”表示这些真理来自首要事物；“因那里有隐藏的立法者的份”表示隐藏在其中的神性的真理；“百姓的头从那里来”表示由此而来的聪明；“他施行耶和华的公义”表示由此而来的善行；“祂与以色列所立的典章”表示由此而来的教会真理。
“迦得”表示生活良善，是因为他因希伯来词语“军队”而得名(参看创世记30:10–11),在希伯来语，“迦得”表示军队，“军队”在灵义上表示作为或行为；生活的良善在于行善，也就是作为或行为(对此，参看《属天的奥秘》，3934节)。至于在他父亲以色列给出的祝福中，在摩西五经中，这祝福如下：迦得，必有一支军队毁坏他；他必毁坏脚跟(创世记49:19)，“迦得”表示什么，可参看《属天的奥秘》(6403–6406节)中的解释；以赛亚书中的这些话表示什么，也可参看这本书(AC 6405节)，即：
你们是那些离弃耶和华，忘记我的圣山，给迦得摆桌子，给弥尼盛满奠祭的人。(以赛亚书65:11)
435. Of the tribe of Gad were sealed twelve thousand.- That this signifies the good of life thence, is plain from the representation of the tribe of Gad, which is the good of life, of which we shall speak presently; and from the signification of twelve thousand sealed, which means that all such are in heaven, and come into heaven. Upon this subject the two preceding articles may be consulted. Before we show from the Word the representation of Gad and of the tribe named after him, something shall be said respecting the meaning of the good of life, which the tribe of Gad here signifies. Good of life is from a celestial origin, from a spiritual origin, and from a natural origin. The good of life from a celestial origin is that which results from the good of love to the Lord by means of truths from that good, the good of life being the effect of these. This good of life is that which is signified here by the tribe of Gad, therefore it is said, the good of life thence, that is to say, from the good of love to the Lord signified by the tribe of Judah, by means of truths from that good, signified by the tribe of Reuben. The good of life from a spiritual origin is the good of life which results from the good of charity towards the neighbour, by means of truths from that good, and this good of life is meant by Manasseh.
[2] The twelve tribes of Israel are here divided into four classes, and there are three tribes in each class. These three tribes in a series signify such things as from beginning to end, or from first to last, form that very essential universal of the church, which is signified by the first tribe in the class. The three tribes first named, that is to say, the tribes of Judah, Reuben, and Gad, signify those things which fully constitute celestial good; but the three following tribes, namely, the tribes of Asher, Naphtali, and Manasseh, signify those which fully constitute spiritual good; similarly the tribes which afterwards follow.
[3] There are also three things which fully constitute and form every universal essential, the good of love, truth from that good, and the resulting good of life. The good of life is the effect of the other two. For unless there be a third, the two former have no existence; in other words, the good of love, and truth from that good, cannot exist without the good of life. These three are like the final cause, the efficient cause, and the effect. The good of love is the final cause, truth from that good is the efficient cause or that by means of which good is brought into effect, and the good of life is the effect in which the former causes exist, and without which they have no existence or subsistence. Those three also are like the beating of the heart, the respiration of the lungs, and the action of the body; these make one. For if the body does not act, or suffer itself to be put in action, as is the case when a man dies, the other two cease. The case is similar with the good of love, with truth from that good, and with the good of life. The good of love is like the heart, and is also meant by heart in the Word; truth from that good is like the lungs, and is meant in the Word by spirit and soul; and the good of life is like the body, in which the former act and live. There are three similar conditions in everything that exists, and when the three exist together, the formation is complete.
[4] It shall first be explained what is signified by Gad, or the tribe of Gad, in every sense. Gad, in the highest sense, signifies the Lord as to Omnipotence and Omniscience. In the internal sense, it signifies the good of truth, and in the external sense, works therefrom, which are the good of life. Gad has these significations, because in every part and detail of the Word there is an inmost, an internal, and an external sense. In the inmost sense is the Lord alone, for that sense treats of Him, of the glorification of His Human, of the orderly arrangement of the heavens, of the subjugation of the hells, and of the establishment of the church by Him. Therefore each tribe, in the inmost sense, signifies the Lord in regard to some attribute and work of His. But in the internal sense heaven and the church are treated of, and doctrine is laid down; but the Word in the external sense, is such as it is in the sense of the letter. There are three senses in the Word because there are three heavens; the inmost or celestial sense is for the inmost or third heaven, the internal or spiritual sense for the middle or second heaven, and the external or spiritual-natural sense for the first or ultimate heaven.
[5] The reason why the tribe of Gad, in this passage of the Apocalypse, where the twelve tribes are named, signifies the good of life, is, that it follows in order after Judah and Reuben; and Judah signifies the good of love, Reuben, truth from that good, and therefore Gad, the good of life. For from the good of love, by means of truths from it, the good of life exists, the good of life being the third in order, since it is the effect of the two former, as said above. Because the good of life is the good of the natural man, therefore an inheritance was given to the tribe of Gad beyond Jordan, and also to the tribe of Reuben, and to the half tribe of Manasseh. For the land which was beyond Jordan signified the external church, as shown in the article above, and the things of the external church, are those which proceed from the natural man. The church itself, regarded in itself is in the internal or spiritual man, but the external church is in the external or natural man; these nevertheless act as one, like cause and effect.
[6] That to the tribe of Gad an inheritance beyond Jordan was given is evident in Moses; for all inheritance was given to Reuben, to Gad, and to half the tribe of Manasseh beyond Jordan where the land of cattle was; and it was given on the condition that they should cross over armed with the rest to take possession of the land of Canaan (Num. 32:1 to end; 34:14).
Further:
"And unto the Reubenites and unto the Gadites I gave from Gilead even unto the river Arnon within the river and the border, and even unto the river Jabbok, the border of the sons of Ammon; the plain also, and Jordan, and the border thereof, from Chinnereth even unto the sea, the plain, the Salt Sea, under the aqueducts of Pisgah eastward" (Deuteronomy 3:16, 17).
And in Joshua:
"And Moses gave unto the sons of Gad that their border should be Jazer, and all the cities of Gilead, and half the land of the sons of Ammon, unto Aroer that is before the faces of Rabbah; and from Heshbon unto Ramath of Mizpeh, and Betonim" (13:24, 25, 26).
The signification of Gad is not only evident from the places in the Word where he is mentioned, but also from the lands given to that tribe for an inheritance wherever they are mentioned in the Word, as Heshbon, Jazer, Rabbah, Ramath of Mizpeh, the river of Arnon, Chinnereth, the aqueducts of Pisgah, and others. What those lands signify in the spiritual sense, cannot be known, unless the signification of the tribe of Reuben, of Gad, and of the half tribe of Manasseh be known, to whom those lands were given for a possession; for they denote such things as are signified by those tribes, both in an extended and in a limited sense, as in Jeremiah:
[7] "Against the sons of Ammon, Hath Israel no sons? Hath he no heir? Why then doth their king inherit Gad, and his people dwell in his cities? Therefore, behold, the days come, in which I will cause an alarm of war to be heard against Rabbah of the sons of Ammon; and it shall become a heap of desolation, and her daughters shall be burned with fire; and Israel shall inherit their heirs. Howl, O Heshbon, for Ai is devastated; cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird ye with sackcloth; lament, and run to and fro among the fences; for their king shall go into captivity, and his priests and his princes together" (49:1-3).
These words cannot be understood, unless it be known what the sons of Ammon, Heshbon, and Rabbah signify. For Rabbah, Heshbon, and half of the land of Ammon, were given to the tribe of Gad for an inheritance; therefore those lands signify specifically such things as are signified by Gad in general; for it is said why then doth their king inherit Gad, and his people dwell in their cities? For all the names of lands, regions, cities, rivers, and peoples in the Word, signify things of the church. Gad signifies the good of life according to truths of doctrine; Israel, the church as to truth. The sons of Ammon signify the falsifications of truth; Heshbon signifies the fructification of truth in the natural man; while the daughters of Rabbah signify the affections of truth also in the natural man, and Ai signifies the doctrine of truth. When these things are known, the spiritual sense of the whole passage will be seen to follow in the following series: Against the sons of Ammon, signifies against the falsifications of truth. Hath Israel no sons? hath he no heir? signifies, are there not in the church the knowledges of truth and good? Israel denotes the church, his sons denote truths, and heir denotes the good of truth. Why then doth their king inherit Gad, and his people dwell in his cities? signifies whence is it that truth falsified has destroyed the good of life, and also perverted the doctrinals which teach the good of life. Behold, the days come, in which I will cause an alarm of war to be heard against Rabbah of the sons of Ammon; and it shall become a heap of desolation, signifies the destruction of that doctrine, or of falsified truth, and the destruction of those who hold it. And her daughters shall be burned with fire, signifies that the affections of that doctrine shall become lusts of evil. Then shall Israel inherit their heirs, signifies that the church shall perish as to goods. Howl, O Heshbon, for Ai is devastated, signifies that there is no longer any fructification of truth from good, because the doctrine of truth is destroyed; Cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird ye with sackcloth, lament, signifies, that the affections of truth are no more; and run to and fro among the fences, signifies thought and life from falsities. For their king shall go into captivity, signifies because truth is no more; and his priests and his princes together, signifies that both goods and the truths of good are no more. From these things it is plain that by the lands of the inheritance of Gad are signified similar things specifically as in general by Gad; and that the significations of the lands mentioned in the Word may be known from the signification of the tribes to whom they were given for an inheritance.
What else is meant by the lands which in Ezekiel are said to be given for an inheritance to the tribe of Gad (48:27)? That the tribe of Gad is not meant, but that attribute of the church which is signified by Gad, is evident; for the tribe of Gad did not then exist, neither will exist.
[8] That Gad signifies the good of life from truths of doctrine, is evident from the blessing of that tribe by Moses:
"To Gad he said, Blessed is he who hath given breadth to Gad; as a lion he dwelleth, and seizeth the arm, yea the crown of the head, and he seeth the first-fruits for himself; for there is the portion of the hidden lawgiver; whence have come the heads of the people; he has executed the justice of Jehovah, and judgments with Israel" (Deuteronomy 33:20, 21).
In these words, by Gad are described the good of life according to truths from the Word, and the influx of heaven into that good. The influx of truth into that good from the Lord, is signified by Blessed be he who hath given breadth to Gad. Breadth signifies truth, Gad the good of life; and "blessed" the Lord Himself. As a lion he dwelleth, signifies that he is safe from falsities. He seizeth the arm, yea the crown of the head, signifies that he is nourished by truths external and internal; for arm, and the crown of the head in sacrifices, signified such things. He seeth the first-fruits for himself, signifies that they are from primary things. For there is the portion of the hidden lawgiver signifies truths Divine hidden therein; intelligence thence is signified by whence have come the heads of the people; he executed the justice of Jehovah, signifies the good works thence. And His judgments with Israel, signifies the truths of the church thence.
[9] Gad signifies the good of life because he was named from "troop" (see Genesis 30:10, 11); for Gad in Hebrew signifies a troop, and by a troop, in the spiritual sense, are signified works, and the good of life consists in doing goods which are works. See Genesis 49:19)
may be seen explained in the 65:11) ([AC 6405]).
435. Of the tribe of Gad twelve thousand sealed, signifies the good of life therefrom. This is evident from the representation of "the tribe of Gad," as being the good of life (of which presently); also from the signification of "twelve thousand sealed," as being that all such are in heaven and come into heaven (as explained in the two preceding articles). Before showing from the Word what in the church was represented by "Gad" and by the tribe named from him, something shall be said respecting what is meant by the good of life, which is here signified by "the tribe of Gad." There is the good of life from a celestial origin, from a spiritual origin, and from a natural origin. The good of life from a celestial origin is the good of life that comes from the good of love to the Lord through truths from that good; the good of life is an effect of these. Such good of life is what is here signified by "the tribe of Gad;" therefore it is called "the good of life therefrom," namely, from the good of love to the Lord, which is signified by "the tribe of Judah," through truths from that good, which are signified by "the tribe of Reuben." The good of life from a spiritual origin is the good of life that comes from good of charity towards the neighbor through truths from that good; this good of life is meant by "Manasseh."
[2] For the twelve tribes of Israel are here divided into four classes, and there are three tribes in each class, and the three in series signify such things as from beginning to end, or from first to last, fully constitute that universal essential of the church that is signified by the first tribe. The three tribes first named, that is, the tribes of Judah, Reuben, and Gad, signify those things that fully constitute celestial good; but the three following tribes, namely, the tribes of Asher, Naphtali, and Manasseh, signify those that fully constitute spiritual good. So it is with the tribes that follow.
[3] Moreover, there are three things which fully constitute and form each universal essential, namely, the good of love, the truth from that good, and the good of life therefrom. The good of life is the effect of the other two; for unless there is a third that is brought forth, the two former can have no existence, that is, unless there is the good of life, the good of love and truth from that good can have no existence. These three are like the final cause, the effecting cause, and the effect. The good of love is the final cause, truth from that good is the effecting cause or that through which good is brought into effect, and the good of life is the effect in which the prior causes have existence; and these have no existence unless there is an effect in which they may exist and subsist. Again, these three are like the pulse of the heart, the respiration of the lungs, and the action of the body; these make a one: for if the body does not act, or does not let itself be put in action, as is the case when man dies, the other two cease. It is the same with the good of love, the truth from that good, and the good of life. The good of love is like the heart, and is also meant by "heart" in the Word; truth from that good is like the lungs, and is also meant by "breath" and "soul" in the Word; and the good of life is like the body in which the others act and live. Three like things are in everything that has existence, and when the three exist together there is full formation.
[4] What is signified by "Gad," or "the tribe of Gad," in every sense shall first be explained. In the highest sense "Gad" signifies the Lord in respect to omnipotence and omniscience; in the internal sense the good of truth; and in the external sense works therefrom, which are the good of life. "Gad" signifies such things because in each and every thing of the Word there is an inmost, an internal, and an external sense. In the inmost sense is the Lord alone for it treats of Him, of His glorifying His Human, arranging the heavens in order, subjugating the hells, and establishing the church from Himself; therefore in the inmost sense each tribe signifies the Lord in respect to some attribute and work of His; while in the internal sense heaven and the church are treated of, and doctrine is taught. But the Word in the external sense is such as it is in the sense of the letter. There are three senses in the Word, because there are three heavens; the inmost or celestial sense is for the inmost or third heaven, the internal or spiritual sense is for the middle or second heaven, and the external or spiritual-natural sense is for the first or lowest heaven.
[5] In this passage of Revelation, where the twelve tribes are mentioned, "the tribe of Gad" signifies the good of life, because it follows in order after Judah and Reuben, and "Judah" signifies the good of love, "Reuben" the truth from that good, consequently "Gad" signifies the good of life; for the good of life has existence from the good of love, through truths from that good, the good of life following as the third in order, being the effect of the two former as was said above.
Because the good of life is the good of the natural man, therefore an inheritance was given to the tribe of Gad 1beyond Jordan, together with the tribe of Reuben and the half tribe of Manasseh; for the land that was beyond Jordan signified the external church (as was shown in the article above), and the things that go forth from the natural man belong to the external church. The church itself regarded in itself is in the internal or spiritual man; but the external church is in the external or natural man, yet these must act as a one, like cause and effect.
[6] That an inheritance beyond Jordan was given to the tribe of Gad is evident in Moses:
To Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh an inheritance was given beyond Jordan, which was a place for cattle; and it was given with the condition that they should cross over, armed, with the rest, to take possession of the land of Canaan (Numbers 32:1; 34:14).
Unto the Reubenites and unto the Gadites I gave Gilead even unto the brook of Arnon within the brook and the border, and even unto the brook Jabbok, the border of the sons of Ammon; the plain also, and Jordan, and the border from Chinnereth even unto the sea, the plain, the salt sea, under the springs of Pisgah toward sunrise (Deuteronomy 3:16, 17).
And in Joshua:
Moses gave to the sons of Gad that Jazer should be their border, and all the cities of Gilead, and half the land of the sons of Ammon, even unto Aroer that is before the faces of Rabbah; and from Heshbon unto Ramath of Mispeh, and Betonim (Joshua 13:24-28).
The signification of "Gad" can be seen not only from the passages in the Word where Gad is mentioned, but also from the lands given to that tribe for an inheritance, where these also are mentioned in the Word, as Heshbon, Jazer, Rabbah, Ramath of Mispeh, the brook of Arnon, Chinnereth, the springs of Pisgah, and many other places. What these lands signify in the spiritual sense no one can know unless he knows the signification of "the tribe of Reuben, of Gad, and of the half tribe of Manasseh," to whom these lands were given for a possession; for they signify such things as are signified by those tribes in a wide and in a restricted sense.
[7] As in Jeremiah:
Against the sons of Ammon: Hath Israel no sons? Hath he no heir? Why then hath their king inherited Gad, and his people dwelt in the cities thereof? Therefore behold, the days come in which I will cause an alarm of war to be heard against Rabbah of the sons of Ammon; and it shall become a heap of desolation, and her daughters shall be burned with fire, and Israel shall be heir unto them that were his heirs. Howl, O Heshbon, for Ai is devastated; cry out, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird ye with sackcloth; lament, and wander about among the walls, for their king shall go into exile, and his priests and his princes together (Jeremiah 49:1-3).
Unless one knows what is signified by "Gad" and by "Israel," he cannot know what is here signified by "the sons of Ammon," by "Heshbon," and by "Rabbah;" for Rabbah, Heshbon, and half of the land of Ammon were given to the tribe of Gad for an inheritance; therefore those lands signify such things in particular as are signified in general by Gad; for it is said "Why then hath the king of the sons of Ammon inherited Gad, and his people dwelt in the cities thereof?" For all names of lands, of regions, of cities, of rivers, and of peoples, in the Word signify the things of the church. "Gad" here signifies the good of life according to the truths of doctrine; "Israel" the church in respect to truth; "the sons of Ammon" signify the falsifications of truth; "Heshbon" signifies the fructification of truth in the natural man; "the daughters of Rabbah" signify the affections of truth in the natural man, and "Ai" the doctrine of truth. When these things are known, the spiritual sense of these words follows in this series: "Against the sons of Ammon" signifies against the falsifications of truth; "hath Israel no sons? hath he no heir?" signifies, are there in the church no knowledges of truth and good? "Israel" meaning the church, "his sons" truths, and "heir" the good of truth; "why then hath their king inherited Gad, and his people dwelt in the cities thereof?" signifies, why hath truth falsified destroyed the good of life, and also perverted the doctrinals according to which is life? "Behold, the days come, in which I will cause an alarm of war to be heard against Rabbah of the sons of Ammon, and it shall become a heap of desolation," signifies the destruction of that doctrine, that is, of truth falsified, and the destruction of those who are in it; "and her daughters shall be burned with fire," signifies that the affections of that doctrine shall become lusts of evil; "and Israel shall be heir unto them that were his heirs," signifies that the church in respect to goods is to perish; "howl, O Heshbon, for Ai is devastated," signifies that there is no longer any fructification of truth from good, because the doctrine of truth is destroyed; "cry out, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird ye with sackcloth, lament," signifies that there are no longer any affections of truth; "and wander about among the walls," signifies thought and life from falsities; "for their king hath gone into exile," signifies because truth is no more; "and his priests and his princes together," signifies that both goods and the truths of good are no more. This makes clear that "the lands of the inheritance of Gad" signify similar things in particular as "Gad" does in general, and that the significations of the lands mentioned in the Word can be known from the signification of the tribes to which they were given for inheritance. The lands that it is said would be given for an inheritance to the tribe of Gad, in Ezekiel (Ezekiel 48:27), mean something else; evidently the tribe of Gad is not meant, but such a constituent of the church as is signified by "Gad," for there was then no tribe of Gad, nor will there be.
[8] That "Gad" signifies the good of life from the truths of doctrine is evident from the blessing of that tribe by Moses:
To Gad he said, Blessed is he who hath given breadth to Gad; as a lion he dwelleth, and he teareth the arm, yea, the crown of the head, and he seeth the firstfruits for himself; for there is the portion of the hidden lawgiver; whence came the heads of the people; he hath executed the righteousness of Jehovah, and judgments 2with Israel (Deuteronomy 33:20, 21).
Here the good of life according to truths from the Word, and the influx of heaven into that good are described by "Gad;" the influx of truth from the Lord into that good is signified by "Blessed is he who hath given breadth to Gad;" "breadth" signifying truth, "Gad" the good of life, and "Blessed" the Lord. To be safe from falsities is signified by "as a lion he dwelleth;" to be nourished by truths external and internal is signified by "he teareth the arm, yea, the crown of the head," for "the arm" and "the crown of the head" in sacrifices have this signification; that these truths are from things primary is signified by "he seeth the firstfruits for himself;" truths Divine that lie hidden therein are signified by "for there is the portion of the hidden lawgiver;" intelligence therefrom is signified by "whence came the heads of the people;" good works therefrom are signified by "he hath executed the righteousness of Jehovah;" and truths of the church therefrom are signified by "His judgments with Israel."
[9] "Gad" signifies the good of life because he was named from the Hebrew word for "troop" (Genesis 30:10, 11), "gad" in the Hebrew meaning troop, and "troop" in the spiritual sense signifies works; and the good of life consists in doing the goods which are works (respecting which see Genesis 49:19).
What "Gad" here signifies may be seen explained in Isaiah 65:11).
Footnotes:
1. The photolithograph has "Dan" for "Gad."
2. The photolithograph has "judgment;" but in explanation below with the Hebrew "judgments."
435. "Ex tribu Gadis duodecim millia signati." - Quod significet bonum vitae inde, constat ex repraesentatione tribus Gadis, quod sit bonum vitae (de qua sequitur); et ex siginificatione "duodecim millium signatorum", quod sit quod omnes illi in caelo sint et in caelum veniant (de qua supra in binis praecedentibus articulis). Antequam ex Verbo ostenditur quid per Gadem et per tribum ab illo nominatam in ecclesia repraesentabatur, aliquid dicetur quid intelligitur per bonum vitae, quod hic per "tribum Gadis" significatur: - Datur bonum vitae ex origine caelesti, ex origine spirituali, et ex origine naturali. Bonum vitae ex origine caelesti est bonum vitae quod fit ex bono amoris in Dominum per vera ex illo bono; bonum vitae est effectus illorum: hoc bonum vitae est quod hic per "tribum Gadis" significatur; quare dicitur bonum vitae inde, nempe ex bono amoris in Dominum quod per "tribum Jehudae" significatur, per vera ex illo bono quae per "tribum Reubenis" significantur. Bonum vitae ex origine spirituali est bonum vitae quod fit ex bono charitatis erga proximum per vera ex illo bono; hoc bonum vitae intelligitur per "Menassen. "
[2] Duodecim enim tribus Israelis hic divisae sunt in quatuor classes, et sunt tres tribus in qualibet classe; quae tres in serie significant talia quae plene a principio ad finem seu a primo ad ultimum constituunt ipsum universale essentiale ecclesiae quod per primam tribum significatur; tres tribus primum nominatae, nempe tribus Jehudae, Reubenis et Gadis, significant illa quae constituunt plene bonum caeleste; tres autem tribus sequentes, nempe tribus Ascheris, Naphthali et Menasses, significant illa quae constituunt plene bonum spirituale; similiter tribus postea sequentes.
[3] Sunt etiam tria quae plene constituunt et formant unumquodvis universale essentiale; nempe, bonum amoris, verum ex illo bono, et inde bonum vitae; bonum vitae est effectus illorum, nam nisi tertium sit quod producitur, bina priora non dantur; hoc est, nisi bonum vitae sit, bonum amoris et verum ex illo bono non dantur. Haec tria sunt sicut causa finalis, causa efficiens, et effectus; bonum amoris est causa finalis, verum ex illo bono est causa efficiens seu per quod bonum efficit, et bonum vitae est effectus in quo priores causae existunt; quae non existunt nisi effectus sit in quo existant et sub sistant. Sunt etiam tria illa sicut pulsus cordis, respiratio pulmonum, et actio corporis; haec unum faciunt; nam si non corpus agit aut se non agi patitur, ut fit cum homo moritur, duo illa cessant: simile est cum bono amoris, vero ex illo bono, et bono vitae; bonum amoris est instar cordis, etiam intelligitur per "cor" in Verbo; verum ex illo bono est instar pulmonum, etiam intelligitur in Verbo per "spiritum" et "animam" et bonum vitae est instar corporis in quo illa agunt et vivunt: similia tria sunt in unaquavis re quae existit, et cum tria illa simul existunt est formatio plena.
[4] Quid per "Gadem" seu per "tribum Gadis" in omni sensu significatur, primum dicetur: per "Gadem" in supremo sensu significatur Dominus quoad omnipotentiam et omniscientiam, in sensu interno bonum veri, et in sensu externo opera inde quae sunt bonum vitae. Quod talia per "Gadem" significentur, est quia in omnibus et singulis Verbi est sensus intimus, internus, et externus: in sensu intimo est solus Dominus, agitur enim ibi de Ipso, de glorificatione Humani Ipsius, de ordinatione caelorum, subjugatione infernorum, et de instauratione ecclesiae ab Ipso; quare singulae tribus significant Dominum quoad aliquod Ipsius attributum et opus, in sensu intimo: in sensu autem interno agitur de caelo et de ecclesia, et traditur doctrina: Verbum vero in sensu externo est quale est in sensu litterae. Quod tres sensus in Verbo sint, est quia tres caeli sunt: sensus intimus seu caelestis est pro intimo seu tertio caelo; sensus internus seu spiritualis est pro medio seu secundo caelo; et sensus externus seu spiritualis naturalis est pro primo seu ultimo caelo.
[5] Quod "tribus Gadis" in hoc loco Apocalypseos, ubi duodecim tribus nominantur, significet bonum vitae, est quia in ordine sequitur post Jehudam et Reubenem, ac per "Jehudam" significatur bonum amoris, per "Reubenem" verum ex illo bono, inde per "Gadem" significatur bonum vitae; nam ex bono amoris, per vera ex illo, existit bonum vitae, est enim bonum vitae tertium in ordine quod sequitur, nam est effectus illorum, ut supra dictum est.
Quoniam bonum vitae est bonum naturalis hominis, ideo hereditas tribui 1
Gadis data est trans Jordanem, et simul tribui Reubenis et dimidiae tribui Menassis ibi; terra enim, quae trans Jordanem erat, significabat ecclesiam externam (ut in superiori articulo ostensum est), et ecclesiae externae sunt illa quae procedunt ex naturali homine: ipsa ecclesia in se spectata est in interno seu spirituali homine, externa autem in externo seu naturali, quae tamen unum agent sicut causa et effectus.
[6] Quod tribui 2
Gadis hereditas data sit trans Jordanem, constat apud Mosen,
Data est hereditas Reubeni, Gadi et dimidiae tribui Menassis citra Jordanem, ubi terra pecoris; ac data est cum conditione, si armati transirent cum reliquis ad acquirendum terram Canaanem (Numeri 32:1 ad fin. ; cap. 34:14):
porro,
"Reubenitis et Gaditis dedi Gilead usque ad fluvium Arnonis, intra fluvium et terminum, et usque ad Jabbokum fluvium, terminum filiorum Ammonis; tum planitiem et Jordanem et terminum a Cinnereth usque ad mare, planitiem, mare salis, infra aquaeductus Pisgae versus ortum" (Deuteronomius 3:16, 17):
et apud Josuam,
"Dedit Moses.... filiis Gadis, .... ut esset illis terminus Jaeser, et omnes urbes Gileadis, et dimidium terrae filiorum Ammonis usque ad Aroerem, quae ante facies Rabbae, tum a Chesbone usque ad Ramath Mizpae et Betonim", etc. (13:24-28).
Quid per "Gadem" significatur, non modo constare potest ex locis in Verbo ubi Gad nominatur, sed etiam a terris quae datae tribui illi in hereditatem, ubi illae quoque in Verbo nominantur, sicut ubi nominantur Chesbon, Jaeser, Rabba, Ramath Mizpae, fluvius Arnonis, Cinnereth, aquaeductus Pisgae, et plura; quid illae terrae in sensu spirituali significant, nemo scire potest nisi sciat quid significant "tribus Reubenis", "Gadis" et "dimidia tribus Menassis", quibus illae terrae datae sunt in possessionem; significant enim talia quae in sensu lato et stricto significantur per illas tribus:
[7] - Sicut apud Jeremiam,
"Contra filios Ammonis:.... Num filii non Israeli? Num heres non illi? Quare ergo hereditavit rex eorum Gadem, et populus illius in urbibus ejus habitavit? Propterea ecce dies venientes, quibus audiri faciam contra Rabbath filiorum Ammonis clangorem belli, fietque in acervum desolationis, et filiae ejus igne comburentur, et hereditabit Israel heredes suos:.... ejula Chesbon, quia devastata est Ai, clamate filiae Rabbae, accingite saccos, plangite et vagamini inter macerias; quia rex eorum in exilium abibit, sacerdotes et principes ejus simul" (49:1-3):
qui non scit quid per "Gadem" et "Israelem" significatur, nec scire potest quid ibi significatur per "filios Ammonis", per "Chesbonem" et per "Rabbam"; erant enim Rabba, Chesbon et dimidium terrae Ammonis data tribui Gadis in hereditatem; quare per illas terras talia significantur in specie quae per "Gadem" in genere; nam dicitur, "Quare ergo hereditavit rex filiorum Ammonis Gadem, et populus illius in urbibus ejus habitavit?" Omnia enim nomina terrarum, regionum, urbium, fluviorum et populorum in Verbo significant, res ecclesiae: per "Gadem" ibi significatur bonum vitae secundum vera doctrinae, per "Israelem" ecclesia quoad verum, per "filios Ammonis" significantur falsificationes veri, per "Chesbonem" fructificatio veri in naturali homine, per "filias Rabbae" affectiones veri etiam in naturali homine, ac per "Ai" doctrina veri; ex his cognitis sequitur sensus spiritualis illorum verborum in hac serie: "contra filios Ammonis" significat contra falsificationes veri: "Num filii non Israeli? num heres non illi?" significat nonne in ecclesia sunt cognitiones veri et boni; "Israel" est ecclesia, "filii ejus" sunt vera, "heres" est bonum veri: "quare ergo hereditavit rex eorum Gadem, et populus illius in urbibus ejus habitavit?" significat unde est quod verum falsificatum destruxerit bonum vitae, et quoque perverterit doctrinalia secundum quae vita: "ecce dies venientes quibus audire faciam contra Rabbath filiorum Ammonis clangorem belli, fietque in acervum desolationis, "significat destructionem illius doctrinae nempe falsificati veri, et destructionem illorum qui in illa sunt; "et filiae ejus igne comburentur" significat quod affectiones illius fient concupiscentiae mali; "et hereditabit Israel heredes suos" significat quod peritura ecclesia quoad bona: "ejula Chesbon, quia devastata est Ai", significat quod non amplius fructificatio veri ex bono, quia deperdita est doctrina veri; "clamate, filiae Rabbae, accingite saccos, plangite", significat quod non amplius affectiones veri; "et vagamini inter macerias" significat cogitationem et vitam ex falsis; "quia rex eorum in exilium abivit "significat quia verum non amplius"; "sacerdotes ejus et principes ejus simul" significat quod non amplius bona et vera boni. Ex his patet quod per "terras hereditatis Gadis" similia in specie significentur quae per "Gadem" in genere, et quod terrarum in Verbo nominatarum significationes noscantur ex significatione tribuum quibus datae sunt in hereditatem. Aliud quid intelligitur per terras quae dicuntur dandae tribui Gadis in hereditatem apud Ezechielem (cap. 48:27): quod non tribus Gadis intellecta sit, sed tale ecclesiae quod per "Gadem" significatur, patet; nam tribus Gadis non tunc fuit, nec erit.
[8] Quod per "Gadem" significetur bonum vitae ex veris doctrinae, constat ex benedictione illius tribus a Mose,
"Gadi dixit, Benedictus qui latitudinem dedit Gadi; sicut leo habitat, et rapit brachium, etiam verticem; et videt primitias sibi; ibi namque portio legislatoris absconditi; unde venerunt capita populi; justitiam Jehovae fecit, et 3
judicia cum Israele" (Deuteronomius 33:20, 21):
per "Gadem" hic describitur bonum vitae secundum vera ex Verbo, et influxus caeli in id bonum; influxus veri in id bonum a Domino, significatur per "Benedictus qui latitudinem dedit Gadi"; per "latitudinem" significatur verum, per "Gadem" bonum vitae, per "Benedictum" Dominus; quod tutus sit a falsis significatur per "sicut leo habitat"; quod nutriatur a veris externis et internis, significatur per "rapit brachium etiam verticem", "brachium" enim et "vertex" in sacrificiis illa significabant; quod ex primariis, significatur per "vidit primitias sibi"; vera Divina quae inibi latent, significantur per "ibi namque portio legislatoris absconditi"; intelligentia inde, significatur per "unde venerunt capita populi"; bona opera inde, significantur per "justitiam Jehovae fecit"; et vera ecclesiae inde, significantur per "judicia Ejus cum Israele."
[9] Quod per "Gadem" significetur bonum vitae, est quia nominatus est a turma (Genesis 30:10, 11), nam Gad in lingua Hebraea significat turmam, ac per "turmam" in sensu spirituali significantur opera, et bonum vitae consistit in faciendo bona quae sunt opera (de qua re videatur in Arcanis Caelestibus, n. 3934). Quid autem significatur per "Gadem" in benedictione patris ejus Israelis, quae talis apud Mosen,
"Gad, turma depopulabitur illum, et is depopulabitur calcaneum" (Genesis 49:19),
videatur explicatum in Arcanis Caelestibus (n. 4
6403-6406); tum quid significatur per haec apud Esaiam,
"Vos qui deseritis Jehovam, qui obliviscimini montis sanctitatis meae; qui disponitis Gadi mensam, et qui impletis Menio libamen" (65:11)
(n. 6405 ibi).
Footnotes:
1. The editors made a correction or note here.
2. The editors made a correction or note here.
3. The editors made a correction or note here.
4. The editors made a correction or note here.