228# 这些论述可能看似悖论，因为我们没有用具体可见的事物来说明它们。然而，恰恰因为这些抽象的、普遍性的原理不受具体细节的干扰，反而更容易被理解。相比之下，具体的应用会因其永恒的变化性而使原理变得模糊不清。
228、不过，这些事似乎自相矛盾，因为它们无法运用可见事物来解释。然而，抽象概念因具有普遍性，故往往比运用事物更容易理解，因为这些事物具有无穷的变化，而变化会使真相变得模糊。
228. All this may seem paradoxical, true, because it has not been presented with application to things we can see. Still, since abstract principles are universal, they are often easier to grasp than the applications. The applications vary constantly, and the variation is confusing.
228. These observations may be viewed as paradoxical, however, because they have not been demonstrated by applications to observable phenomena. Yet abstract concepts, being universal, are nevertheless often better comprehended than applications, for there is an endless variety of these, and variety obscures the reality.
228. But these things may appear paradoxical because they are not shown by application to visible things. Yet abstract things, because they are universals, are usually better comprehended than things applied, for these are of perpetual variety, and variety obscures.
228. But these things may seem paradoxical, because they are not explained by application to visible things; yet things abstract, being universals, are often better comprehended than things applied, for these are of perpetual variety, and variety obscures.
228. Verum haec possunt ut paradoxa videri, quia per applicationes ad visibilia non sunt ostensa; sed usque abstracta, quia universalia, solent melius comprehendi quam applicata, haec enim perpetuae varietatis sunt, ac varietas obscurat.