第十节 诫命八：不可作假见证
321# 第八条诫命：“不可作假见证陷害你的邻舍。”
“作假见证陷害邻舍”，或“虚假作证”，在字义的直接意义中，意谓不可在审判官面前，或在审判之外的他人面前，对某个被轻率指控犯有某种恶事的人作假见证，并且不可借上帝之名、或借其他圣物、或凭自己以及那些关乎自己名誉之事来坚称此事。
在较广的字义中，此诫意谓各种以恶目的为目标的谎言与政治性的伪善；又指诋毁与毁谤邻舍，由此使其尊荣、名声与声誉——即整个人品格所依赖者——受到动摇。
在最广的字义中，此诫意谓由于各种根源而针对某人的阴谋、诡计与恶意图谋，例如出于敌意、仇恨、报复、嫉妒、竞争等；因为这些恶本身都隐藏着虚假的见证。
321# 在最接近字面的属世意义上，“作假见证陷害邻舍”，或作假证，是指在法官面前，或在法庭之外的其他人面前，作假证或扮演假证人的角色，陷害一个被无端指控犯有某种罪行的人，并以神的名义，或其它任何神圣的东西，或以个人的影响力和个人名声的力量来支持这种指控。从广泛的属世意义上说，这条诫命禁止在公民生活中以邪恶为目的的各种谎言和虚伪行为，也禁止诋毁和诽谤邻舍，损害他的荣誉、名字和名声，因为人的整个性格或品质都取决于它们。从最广泛的属世意义上说，这条诫命禁止对任何人的阴谋或背叛、欺骗或狡诈的手段，以及有预谋的邪恶，它们源于各种原因或源头，如敌意、仇恨、报复、嫉妒、竞争，等等。因为这些邪恶里面隐藏着作假见证。
321. The Eighth Commandment
You Are Not to Bear False Witness against Your Neighbor
In its most accessible earthly meaning, [this commandment against] "bearing false witness against our neighbor" or testifying falsely includes not being a false witness before a judge, or before others outside of a courtroom, against someone who is wrongly accused of some evil. We are not to make such false assertions in the name of God or something sacred, or base them on our own authority or on some expertise for which we are well known.
In a broader earthly sense, this commandment applies to political lies and hypocrisies of every kind that have an evil intent, as well as disparagement and slander of our neighbors to undermine the status, name, and reputation on which their whole good character depends.
In the broadest earthly sense, this commandment includes plots, deceptions, and evil intent against anyone for a variety of motives such as hostility, hatred, desire for revenge, envy, rivalry, and so on. These evils have false witness hidden inside them.
321. THE EIGHTH COMMANDMENT
You are not to bear false witness against your neighbour.
Appearing as a false witness against one's neighbour or giving false evidence means in the strictest natural sense not being a false witness before a judge, or before other people out of court, against someone who is wrongly accused of some crime, and asserting this in God's name, or swearing by anything else holy, or by oneself, or by such things as affect the reputation of one's name. In a wider natural sense this commandment forbids all kinds of lying and hypocrisy in public life with evil intent; also, criticising and slandering one's neighbour so as to undermine his honour, name and reputation, on which the whole of a person's character depends. In the widest natural sense it includes using trickery, guile and deliberate wrong-dealing against someone for various causes, such as enmity, hatred, revenge, envy, rivalry, etc. These evil actions contain bearing false witness hidden within them.
321. THE EIGHTH COMMANDMENT.
THOU SHALT NOT BEAR FALSE WITNESS AGAINST THY NEIGHBOR.
"Bearing false witness against the neighbor," or testifying falsely, means, in the natural sense nearest to the letter, to act the part of a false witness before a judge, or before others not in a court of justice, against one who is rashly accused of any evil, and to support the accusation by the name of God or anything else that is holy or by one's personal influence and the strength of his personal reputation. In a wider natural sense this commandment forbids all kinds of lies and hypocrisies in civil life which look to an evil end; also traducing and defaming the neighbor, to the injury of his honor, name, and fame, on which the man's whole character depends. In the widest natural sense, the commandment forbids plots, cunning devices, and premeditated evils against anyone, which spring from various sources, as enmity, hatred, revenge, envy, emulation, and the like. For these evils conceal within them the bearing of false witness.
321. THE EIGHTH COMMANDMENT
THOU SHALT NOT BEAR FALSE WITNESS AGAINST THY NEIGHBOR.
To bear false witness against the neighbor, to testify falsely, means in the natural sense first of all to bear false witness before a judge, or before others not in a court of justice, against anyone accused on a groundless charge of some crime; and to affirm this by the name of God, or by anything else that is holy, or by oneself or the honor of one's name. In a wider natural sense, this commandment forbids all kinds of lies and hypocritical practices in civil life which have an evil purpose in view; and also traducing and defaming the neighbor to the injury of his honor, his name, and his reputation, on which his whole character depends. In the widest natural sense, it forbids treachery, deceit, and premeditated evil against anyone, arising from various causes, as enmity, hatred, revenge, envy, rivalry and the like; for these evils involve the sin of false witness.
321. OCTAVUM PRAECEPTUM.
Non respondebis contra proximum tuum falsus testis.
Per respondere contra proximum falsus testis, seu false testari, in SENSU NATURALI proxime intelligitur non falsum testem agere coram judice, aut coram aliis extra judicium, contra aliquem, qui alicujus mali temere inculpatur, et hoc asseverare per nomen Dei, aut per aliud sanctum, aut per se, et talia sui quae alicujus nominis famae sunt. Per hoc Praeceptum in Sensu Naturali latiori intelliguntur omnis generis mendacia et hypocrises politicae, quae malum finem spectant; tum proximum traducere et diffamare, unde ejus honor, nomen et fama, ex quibus character totius hominis pendet, labefactantur. In Sensu naturali latissimo intelliguntur insidiae, doli, et mala proposita, contra aliquem ex variis originibus, ut ex inimicitia, odio, vindicta, invidia, aemulatione, etc., haec enim mala, in se recondunt testationem falsi.