715、上古之人因知道，并且当处于自我谦卑的状态时也承认，他们无非是牲畜和野兽，唯独凭从主所获得的东西而为人，或说唯独主使他们成为人，故不仅将凡属于自己的东西比作牲畜和飞鸟，还如此称呼。他们将意愿的事物比作并称为牲畜，将理解力的事物比作并称为飞鸟。但他们区分良善的情感和邪恶的情感，将良善的情感比作羔羊、绵羊、小山羊、母山羊、公山羊、公绵羊、小母牛、公牛，因为它们都是良善和温驯的，在生活中是有用的，可用来吃，皮和毛能制成衣服。这些是主要的洁净牲畜。但邪恶、凶猛，在生活中无用的，是不洁净的牲畜。
New Century Edition
Cooper(2008,2013)
[NCE]715. The earliest people were aware that they were nothing more than animals and beasts and that if they were human it was only because the Lord made them so; and when feeling humble about themselves they confessed as much. So any attribute existing in themselves they not only compared to beasts and birds but also called such. Attributes of the will they compared to and referred to as animals. Attributes of the intellect they compared to and referred to as birds.
They made a distinction, though, between good and wicked feelings. The good ones they likened to lambs, ewes, kids, she-goats, bucks of the goats, rams, young cattle, and adult cattle. This was because these are good, gentle beasts, and useful in our lives, whether for eating or for the use of their hides and wool in our clothing. These in the main are the clean animals.
But those that are bad and savage and that are not useful in our lives are the unclean animals.{*1}
Footnotes:
{*1} On bad and savage animals, see 45 above. [RS]
Potts(1905-1910) 715
715. As the most ancient people knew, and when they were in self-humiliation acknowledged, that they were nothing but beasts and wild beasts, and were men solely by virtue of what they had from the Lord, therefore whatever pertained to themselves they not only likened to but called beasts and birds; things of the will they compared to beasts, and called beasts; and things of the understanding they compared to and called birds. But they distinguished between good affections and evil affections. Good affections they compared to lambs, sheep, kids, she-goats, he-goats, rams, heifers, oxen-for the reason that they were good and gentle, and serviceable to life, since they could be eaten, and their skins and wool could furnish clothing. These are the principal clean beasts. But those which are evil and fierce, and not serviceable to life, are unclean beasts.
Elliott(1983-1999) 715
715. Since the most ancient people knew and when in self-abasement acknowledged that they were nothing but beasts and wild animals, and that the Lord alone enabled them to be human beings, they not only used to liken whatever resided with themselves to beasts and birds but also called them such. Things of the will they compared to beasts and called them beasts, and those of the understanding they compared to birds and called them birds. They differentiated however between good affections and evil affections. Good affections they compared to lambs, sheep, kids, he-goats, young she-goats, rams, young bulls, and oxen, because they were good and gentle creatures, and also because they had a use in life in that they could be eaten and men could clothe themselves with their skins and wool. These are chiefly the clean beasts. But the evil and savage ones, which also have no use in life, are unclean beasts.
Latin(1748-1756) 715
715. Quia antiquissimi noverunt et, cum in humiliatione sui essent, agnoverunt quod non essent nisi quam bestiae et ferae, at quod homines essent, hoc solum haberent a Domino, ideo quicquid apud eos erat, non solum assimilabant bestiis et avibus, sed etiam ita vocabant; quae voluntatis erant, comparabant bestiis et vocabant bestias; et quae intellectus comparabant avibus et vocabant aves; sed distinguebant inter affectiones bonas et affectiones malas; affectiones bonas comparabant agnis, ovibus, haedis, capris, hircis caprarum, arietibus, juvencis, bovibus, ob causam quia bonae et mites, tum quia utiles vitae, ut quod comedi possent, et quod pellibus et lanis eorum vestiri; hae sunt principaliter bestiae mundae: at quae malae et immites, ut et inutiles vitae, sunt bestiae immundae.