L48.⑵由于人的生命照着他的状态而不同，所以“灵”表示人里面生命的不同情感。如①智慧的生命：
比撒列被智慧，聪明和知识的灵充满。（出埃及记31:3）
又：
你要对一切心中有智慧的，就是我用智慧的灵所充满的说。（出埃及记28:3）
申命记：
约书亚被智慧的灵充满。（申命记34:9）
但以理书：
尼布甲尼撒论到但以理说，他里头有圣神的灵，在他里头有知识、聪明和智慧的美好灵。（但以理书4:8；5:12）
以赛亚书：
灵里犯错的必得明白。（以赛亚书29:24）
②生命的激发：
耶和华激动了玛代王的灵。（耶利米书51:11）
哈该书：
耶和华激动所罗巴伯的灵和剩下之百姓的灵。（哈该书1:14）
以赛亚书：
我必将一个灵放在亚述王里面，他要听见风声就归回本地。（以赛亚书37:7）
申命记：
耶和华使希实本王的灵刚硬。（申命记2:30）
以西结书：
你们灵里起的这意念万不能成就。（以西结书20:32）
③生命的自由：
论到先知所看到的四活物，就是基路伯，灵往哪里去，他们就往那里去。（以西结书1:12，20）
④惧怕、痛苦或悲伤和愤怒中的生命：
每颗心都必融化，所有手都发软，每个灵都昏厥。（以西结书21:7）
诗篇：
我的灵在我里面压垮；我的心在我中间惊诧。（诗篇142:3；143:4）
又：
我的灵耗尽。（诗篇143:7）
但以理书：
至于我但以理，我的灵忧伤。（但以理书7:15）
创世记：
法老的灵烦乱。（创世记41:8）
但以理书：
尼布甲尼撒说，我的灵烦乱。（但以理书2:3）
以西结书：
我因我灵的盛怒而悲苦。（以西结书3:14）
⑤各种邪恶情感的生命：
凡灵里没有诡诈的，这人是有福的！（诗篇32:2）
以赛亚书：
耶和华使乖谬的灵搀入埃及中间。（以赛亚书19:14）
以西结书：
祂对随从自己的灵的愚顽先知说。（以西结书13:3）
何西阿书：
先知是愚蠢的人，有灵的人是狂妄。（何西阿书9:7）
玛拉基书：
当谨守你们的灵，不可行诡诈。（玛拉基书2:16）
何西阿书：
淫乱的灵使他们失迷。（何西阿书4:12）
又：
淫乱的灵在他们中间。（何西阿书5:4）
民数记：
当忌妒的灵临到他时。（民数记5:14）.
弥迦书：
若人在灵里行走，说谎言。（弥迦书2:11）
诗篇：
灵不与神坚定同在的一代。（诗篇78:8）
以赛亚书：
耶和华将沉睡的灵浇灌你们。（以赛亚书29:10）
又：
你们要怀的是糠秕，要生的是碎秸；至于你们的灵，火必吞灭你们。（以赛亚书33:11）
⑥地狱的生命：
我必使污秽的灵离开这地。（撒迦利亚书13:2）
马太福音：
污灵从人里面出来，走遍干旱之地；后来他另带了七个比自己更恶的灵来，都进去住在那里。（马太福音12:43-45）
启示录：
巴比伦成了各样污秽之灵的巢穴。（启示录18:2）
⑦此外，灵还表示困扰人类的地狱灵本身（马太福音8:16；10:1；12:43-45；马可福音1:23-27；9:17-29；路加福音4:33，36；6:17，18；7:21；8:2，29；9:39，42，55；11:24-26；13:11；启示录13:15；16:13，14）。
48. 2. Since our life varies depending on our state, “spirit” means the variable attitude we take toward life. For example:
a. Living wisely.
Bezalel was filled with the spirit of wisdom, intelligence, and knowledge. (Exodus 31:3)
You shall speak to all who are wise at heart, everyone whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom. (Exodus 28:3)
Joshua was filled with the spirit of wisdom. (Deuteronomy 34:9)
Nebuchadnezzar said of Daniel that [the spirit of the holy gods was in him]. (Daniel 4:8)
[Belshazzar’s queen said of Daniel that] there was an excellent spirit of knowledge, intelligence, and wisdom in him. (Daniel 5:12)
Those who go astray in spirit will know intelligence. (Isaiah 29:24)
[2] b. Living [under the influence of some particular] inspiration.
Jehovah has stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes. (Jeremiah 51:11)
Jehovah stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel and the spirit of all the remnant of the people. (Haggai 1:14)
I am putting the spirit into the king of Assyria [to cause him] to hear a rumor and return to his own land. (Isaiah 37:7)
Jehovah hardened the spirit of King Sihon. (Deuteronomy 2:30)
What is rising up in your spirit will never happen. (Ezekiel 20:32)
[3] c. Living in a state of freedom.
The four beasts seen by the prophet, which were angel guardians, went wherever the spirit wanted to go. (Ezekiel 1:12, 20)
[4] d. Living in fear, sorrow, or anger.
... so that every heart will melt, all hands will slacken, and every spirit will recoil. (Ezekiel 21:7)
My spirit has fainted within me; my heart is stupefied inside me. (Psalms 142:3; Psalms 143:4)
My spirit is wasting away. (Psalms 143:7)
I, Daniel, was grieved in my spirit. (Daniel 7:15)
The spirit of Pharaoh was disturbed. (Genesis 41:8)
Nebuchadnezzar said, “My spirit is troubled.” (Daniel 2:3)
I went in bitterness, in the heat of my spirit. (Ezekiel 3:14)
[5] e. Living in subjection to various evil mental states.
... who has no guile in his spirit. (Psalms 32:2)
Jehovah has mixed together in their midst a spirit of perversities. (Isaiah 19:14)
[The Lord Jehovih] says, “[Woe] to the foolish prophets, who follow their own spirit.” (Ezekiel 13:3)
The prophet is foolish; the man of the spirit is insane. (Hosea 9:7)
Keep watch over your spirit, and do not act treacherously. (Malachi 2:16)
A spirit of whoredom has led them astray. (Hosea 4:12)
There is a spirit of whoredom in their midst. (Hosea 5:4)
When a spirit of jealousy has come over him... (Numbers 5:14)
A man who is a wanderer in spirit and speaks lies... (Micah 2:11)
... a generation whose spirit was not constant with God... (Psalms 78:8)
He has poured a spirit of sleepiness over them. (Isaiah 29:10)
Conceive chaff and give birth to stubble. As for your spirit, fire will devour you. (Isaiah 33:11)
[6] f. Living in subjection to hell.
I will make the unclean spirit depart from the land. (Zechariah 13:2)
When an unclean spirit goes out of someone, it wanders through dry places, and then recruits seven spirits worse than itself, and they come in and live there. (Matthew 12:43-45)
Babylon has become a refuge for every unclean spirit. (Revelation 18:2)
[7] g. Then there are the hellish spirits by whom we are tormented: Matthew 8:16; 10:1; 12:43-45; Mark 1:23-28; 9:17-29; Luke 4:33, 36; 6:17-18; 7:21; 8:2, 29; 9:39, 42, 55; 11:24-26; 13:11; Revelation 13:15; 16:13-14.
48. Because a person’s life varies in accordance with his state, therefore by spirit is meant the varying life’s affection in a person. For example:
1. The life of wisdom:
(Bezalel was filled) with the spirit of wisdom, understanding, and knowledge.... (Exodus 31:3).
You shall speak to all the wise of heart, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom.... (Exodus 28:3)
Joshua was filled with the spirit of wisdom (Deuteronomy 34:9).
Nebuchadnezzar said of Daniel that an excellent spirit, of knowledge, understanding and wisdom was found in him (Daniel 5:12, 14).
The erring in spirit will know understanding.... (Isaiah 29:24)
[2] 2. The arousal of life:
Jehovah has stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes. (Jeremiah 51:11)
Jehovah stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel...and the spirit of all the remnant of the people. (Haggai 1:14)
...I am putting (into the king of Assyria) a spirit..., that he may hear a rumor and return to his own land. (Isaiah 37:7)
...Jehovah...hardened (the) spirit (of the king of Sihon).... (Deuteronomy 2:30)
What has come up upon your spirit shall never be.... (Ezekiel 20:32)
[3] 3. Liberty of life: The four creatures, which were cherubim, seen by the prophet went “wherever they had a spirit to go” (Ezekiel 1:12, 20).
[4] 4. Life in a state of fear, distress, and anger:
...that every heart may melt, and all hands be feeble, and every spirit shrink.... (Ezekiel 21:7)
...my spirit was faint within me, my heart within me is stunned.... (Psalms 143:4, cf. 142:3)
My spirit has been consumed! (Psalms 143:7)
As for me, Daniel, my spirit grieved.... (Daniel 7:15)
(Pharaoh’s) spirit was troubled. (Genesis 41:8)
(Nebuchadnezzar said,) “...my spirit is troubled....” (Daniel 2:3)
I went bitterly in the wrath of my spirit. (Ezekiel 3:14)
[5] 5. Life in a state of various evil affections:
“...provided there is no deceit in his spirit.” (Psalms 32:2)
Jehovah has mingled a spirit of perversity in her midst. (Isaiah 19:14)
...said (He)...to the foolish prophets, who follow their own spirit.... (Ezekiel 13:3)
The prophet is a fool, the man of the spirit is insane. (Hosea 9:7)
Be observant by your spirit, and do not deal treacherously. (Malachi 2:16)
...the spirit of harlotry has caused them to stray.... (Hosea 4:12)
...a spirit of harlotry is in their midst.... (Hosea 5:4)
When a spirit of jealousy comes upon him.... (Numbers 5:14)
...a man who is a wanderer in spirit, and he prattles falsehood.... (Micah 2:11)
...a generation...whose spirit was not steadfast with God. (Psalms 78:8)
...poured out on (them) a spirit of drowsiness.... (Isaiah 29:10)
Conceive chaff, bring forth stubble; as for your spirit, fire shall shall devour you. (Isaiah 33:11)
[6] 6. Hellish life:
I will...cause...the unclean spirit to depart from the land. (Zechariah 13:2)
When an unclean spirit goes out of a man, he goes through dry places.... And then he...attaches to himself seven worse spirits than himself, and they enter and dwell there. (Matthew 12:43-45)
...Babylon...has become a dwelling place of...a foul spirit.... (Revelation 18:2)
[7] 7. In addition, the spirits of hell themselves who torment mankind: Matthew 8:16, 10:1, 12:43-45; Mark 1:23-27, 9:17-29; Luke 4:33, 36, 6:17-18, 7:21, 8:2, 29, 9:39, 42, 55, 11:24-26, 13:11; Revelation 13:15, 16:13-14.
48. 2. As THE LIFE OF MAN IS VARIED ACCORDING TO HIS STATE, THEREFORE BY SPIRIT IS MEANT THE VARYING AFFECTION OF LIFE WITH MAN; as:
(1) The life of wisdom.
Bezaleel was filled with the spirit of wisdom, of understanding and of knowledge. Exodus 31:3.
Thou shalt speak to all that are wise-hearted, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom. Exodus 28:3.
Joshua was full of the spirit of wisdom. Deuteronomy 34:9.
Nebuchadnezzar said of Daniel, that an excellent spirit of knowledge, understanding and wisdom was in him. Daniel 4:8; [5:11-12, 14].
They also that erred in spirit shall know understanding. Isaiah 29:24.
[2] (2) A stimulation of life.
Jehovah hath stirred up the spirit of the kings of Media. Jeremiah 51:11.
Jehovah stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel ... and the spirit of all the remnant of the people. Haggai 1:14.
I will put a spirit upon the king of Assyria, and he shall hear a rumour, and return to his own land. Isaiah 37:7.
Jehovah hardened the spirit of Sihon the king. Deuteronomy 2:30.
And that which cometh up upon your spirit shall not be at all. Ezekiel 20:32.
[3] (3) Freedom of life.
The four living creatures, which were cherubs seen by the Prophet, went ... whither the spirit was to go. Ezekiel 1:12, 20.
[4] (4) Life in fear, grief, and anger.
Every heart shall melt, and all hands shall be feeble, and every spirit shall faint. Ezekiel 21:7.
My spirit was overwhelmed within me; my heart is astounded in the midst of me. Psalm 142:3; 143:4.
My spirit faileth. Psalm 143:7 As for me, Daniel, my spirit was grieved. Daniel 7:15.
The spirit of Pharaoh was troubled. Genesis 41:8.
Nebuchadnezzar said, My spirit was troubled. Daniel 2:3.
I went in bitterness in the hot anger of my spirit. Ezekiel 3:14
[5] (5) The life of various evil affections,
Blessed is the man in whose spirit there is no guile. Psalm 32:2.
Jehovah hath mingled a perverse spirit in the midst thereof. Isaiah 19:14.
He said unto the foolish prophets, that follow their own spirit. Ezekiel 13:3.
The prophet is a fool, the man of the spirit is mad. Hosea 9:7.
Take heed to your spirit, that ye deal not treacherously. Malachi 2:16.
The spirit of whoredoms hath caused them to err. Hosea 4:12.
The spirit of whoredoms is in the midst of them. Hosea 5:4.
When the spirit of jealousy come upon him. Numbers 5:14.
A man who walketh in the spirit and uttereth a lie. Micah 2:11.
A generation whose spirit was not steadfast with God. Psalm 78:8.
The spirit of deep sleep was poured out upon them. Isaiah 29:10.
Ye shall conceive chaff; ye shall bring forth stubble; as to your spirit, fire shall devour you. Isaiah 33:11.
[6] (6) Infernal life.
I will cause ... the unclean spirit to pass out of the land. Zechariah 13:2.
When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he walketh through dry places ...
And afterwards he taketh to himself seven other spirits more wicked than himself, and they enter in and dwell there. Matthew 12:43-45.
Babylon is become ... the hold of every foul spirit. Revelation 18:2.
[7] (7) Further, by spirit is meant the infernal spirits themselves
By whom mankind are troubled; as in Matthew 8:16; 10:1; 12:43-45; Mark 1:23-27; 9:17-29; 4:33, 36; 6:17-18; 7:21; 8:2, 29; 9:39, 42, 55; 11:24-26; 13:11; Revelation 13:15; 16:13-14.
48. ii. As man's life varies according to his state, by "spirit" is meant the varying affection of life in man. As, 1: The life of wisdom:
Bezaleel was filled with the spirit of wisdom, intelligence, and knowledge (Exodus 31:3).
Thou shalt speak unto all that are wise-hearted, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom (Exodus 28:3).
Joshua was filled with the spirit of wisdom (Deuteronomy 34:9).
Nebuchadnezzar said of Daniel [in whom is the spirit of the holy gods. The queen said] that an excellent spirit of knowledge, intelligence, and wisdom was in him (Daniel 4:8; 5:12).
They that erred in spirit shall know intelligence (Isaiah 29:24).
2. The excitation of life:
Jehovah hath stirred up the spirit of the king of Media (Jeremiah 51:11).
Jehovah hath stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people (Haggai 1:14).
I will put a spirit in the king of Assyria, that he may bear a rumor, and shall return into his own land (Isaiah 37:7).
Jehovah hardened the spirit of Sihon the king (Deuteronomy 2:30).
That which cometh up upon your spirit shall not be at all (Ezekiel 20:32).
3. Freedom of life:
[It is said of] the four living creatures (which were cherubs) seen by the prophet, Whithersoever the spirit was to go, they went (Ezekiel 1:12, 1:20).
4. Life in fear, pain or grief and anger:
That every heart may melt, and all hands be let down, and every spirit be faint (Ezekiel 21:7).
My spirit hath failed upon me; my heart is amazed in the midst of me (Psalm 142:3; 143:4).
My spirit is consumed (Psalm 143:7).
As for me Daniel, my spirit was grieved (Daniel 7:15).
The spirit of Pharaoh was troubled (Genesis 41:8).
Nebuchadnezzar said, My spirit was troubled (Daniel 2:3).
I went in sadness in the heat of my spirit (Ezekiel 3:14).
5. A life of various evil affections:
Provided that in his spirit there is no guile (Psalm 32:2).
Jehovah hath mingled a spirit of perversities in the midst thereof (Isaiah 19:14).
He said to the foolish prophets that go away after their own spirit (Ezekiel 13:3).
The prophet is a fool, the man [that hath a] spirit is mad (Hosea 9:7).
Take ye heed to your spirit, and deal not treacherously (Malachi 2:16).
The spirit of whoredoms hath led them astray (Hosea 4:12).
The spirit of whoredoms is in the midst of them (Hosea 5:4).
When the spirit of jealousy hath passed upon him (Numbers 5:14).
A man who wandereth in spirit and chattereth a lie (Micah 2:11).
A generation whose spirit was not steadfast with God (Psalm 78:8).
Jehovah hath poured out upon you the spirit of deep sleep (Isaiah 29:10).
Ye shall conceive chaff, ye shall bring forth stubble; as for your spirit, fire shall devour you (Isaiah 33:11).
6. Infernal fire:
I will cause the unclean spirit to pass out of the land (Zechariah 13:2).
When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he walketh through dry places, and he afterwards joineth to himself seven spirits worse than himself, and they enter in and dwell there (Matthew 12:43-45).
Babylon is become the hold of every foul spirit (Revelation 18:2).
7. Besides the infernal spirits themselves by whom men are troubled:
Matthew 8:16; 10:1; 12:43-45; Mark 1:23-27; 9:17-29; Luke 4:33, 4:36, 6:17-18; 7:21; 8:2, 8:29; 9:39, 9:42, 9:55; 11:24-26; 13:11; Revelation 13:15; 16:13-14.
48. (ii.) Quia vita hominis est varia secundum status ejus, quod ideo per "spiritum" intelligatur varia affectio vitae apud hominem. Ut
(1.) Vita Sapientiae:
Bezaleel impletus spiritu sapientiae, intelligentiae et scientiae (Exodus 31:3).
"Tu loqueris ad omnes sapientes corde, quemcunque implevi spiritu sapientiae" (Exodus 28:3).
"Impletus est Joschua... spiritu sapientiae" (Deuteronomius 34:9).
Nebuchadnezar de Daniele, quod spiritus excellens, scientiae, intelligentiae et sapientiae esset in en" (Danielem 4:5 (B.A. 8); (5:12)).
"Scient errantes spiritu intelligentiam" (Esaiam 29:24).
[2] (2.) Vitae Excitatio:
"Excitavit Jehovah spiritum regum Mediae" (Jeremiam 51:11).
"Excitavit Jehovah spiritum Serubabelis,... et spiritum omnium reliquiarum populi" (Haggaeus 1:14).
Do in regem Aschuris "spiritum, ut audiat famam, et revertatur in terram suam" (Esaiam 37:7).
Aggravavit Jehovah spiritum Sichonis regis (Deuteronomius 2:30).
"Quod ascendit super spiritum vestrum, non fiet unquam" (20:32).
[3] (3.) Vitae Libertas:
Quatuor animalia, quae erant cherubi, visa Prophetae, "quorsum erat spiritus ad eundum, ibant" (1:12, 20).
[4] (4.) Vita in Timore, Dolore et Ira:
"Ut liquescat omne cor, et remittantur omnes manus, et contrahatur omnis spiritus" (Ezechielem 21:12 [NCBSP: 7]).
"Defecit super me spiritus meus; in medio mei obstupescit cor meum" (Psalm 142:4 (B.A. 3); Psalm 143:4 1).
"Consumptus est spiritus meus" (Psalm 143:7).
"Indoluit spiritus meus, quod me Danielem attinet" (Danielem 7:15).
Spiritus Pharaonis turbatus est (Genesis 41:8).
Nebuchadnezar dixit, Turbatus est spiritus meus" (Danielem 2:3).
"Ivi tristis in excandescentia spiritus mei" (Ezechielem 3:14).
[5] (5.) Vita variarum affectionum malarum:
"Modo non in spiritu ejus dolus" (Psalm 32:2).
"Jehovah commiscuit in medio ejus spiritum perversitatum" (Esaiam 19:14).
Dixit prophetis stultis, "qui abeunt post spiritum suum" (Ezechielem 13:3).
"Stultus propheta, insanus vir spiritus" (Hoscheam 9:7).
"Observate vos per spiritum vestrum, nec agite perfide" (Malachiam 2:16).
"Spiritus scortationum seduxit" (Hoscheam 4:12 2).
"Spiritus scortationum in medio illorum" (Hoscheam 5:4).
"Cum transivit super illum spiritus zelotypiae" (Numeri 5:14).
"Vir qui vagabundus spiritu: et mendacium effutit" (Micham 2:11).
"Generatio,... cujus non constans cum Deo spiritus" (Psalm 78:8).
Effusus super illos spiritus somnolentiae (Esaiam 29:10).
"Concipite quisquilias, parite stipulam; quod ad spiritum vestrum, ignis comedet vos" (Esaiam 33:11).
[6] (6.) Vita Infernalis:
"Spiritum immundum transire faciam e terra" (Sachariam 13:2).
"Quando... spiritus immundus exit ab homine, perambulat loca arentia;... et postea adjungit sibi septem... spiritus pejores se, et ingressi habitant ibi" (Matthaeum 12:43-45).
Babylon "facta est... custodia spiritus immundi" (Apocalypsis 18:2).
[7] (7.) Praeter ipsos Spiritus Infernales, a quibus homines vexati sunt
(Matthaeum 8:16; 10:1; Marcum 1:23-27 3; 9:17-29; Lucam 4:33, 36; 6:17-18; 7:21; 8:2, 29; 9:39, 42, 55; Lucam 10:24-26 [NCBSP: 11:24-26]; 13:11; Apocalypsis 13:15; 16:13-14).
Footnotes:
1. cxliii. pro "cxlvii."
2. Hosch. pro "Sach."
3. 27 pro "29"