3295# "这民必强于那民"象征真理最初将高于真理之善。"民"象征真理(参3294节);"强于"在这里意味着优于或高于。在这个语境中,首先提到的"民"象征纯粹的真理,而第二个"民"则象征真理之善。真理之善是一个特殊的概念,它是由真理衍生出来的善。虽然在其最初的形态中它仍然是真理,但因为它表现出善的特质,所以被称为善。因此,"民"这个词在这里不仅可以表示真理,还可以表示这种特殊的善——即刚刚形成的真理之善。
【2】为了对这种善有更清晰的认识,我们需要了解人在灵性成长过程中的两个阶段。在重生之前,人是从真理出发行善,更准确地说,是出于理智行善。而在重生之后,人则是从良善本身出发行善,也就是出于意志行善。因此,从理智而来的善本质上并非真正的善,而是真理。只有从意志而来的,才是真正的善。我们可以通过一个例子来理解这一点:
假设有一个人原本不尊敬父母,但从十诫中学到了要尊敬父母的诫命。他最初尊敬父母是出于对诫命的遵守。这种尊敬,因为是出于诫命而非出于爱,本质上并不是善。它可能源于对律法的服从,或是对违反律法的恐惧。尽管如此,这种行为仍被称为"真理之善",但在其最初的形态中,它实际上是真理,因为此时这个人并非在行良善,而是在行真理。只有当这个人开始出于爱而尊敬父母时,这才是良善。这个原则同样适用于其它情况。
3295、“这民必强于那民”表示一开始,真理必优先于真理之良善。这从“(人)民”和“强于”的含义清楚可知:“(人)民”是指真理,如刚才所述(3294节);“强于”是指优先。首先提到的“民”表示真理,其次提到的“民”表示真理之良善。真理之良善是从真理中升出来的良善,该良善在第一次出现时是真理,但被称为良善,因为它看似良善。这就是为何“民”也表示这种良善,该良善在第一次出现时被称为真理之良善。
要获得对该良善的某种概念,我们必须知道,一个人在重生之前出于真理行善,但在重生之后出于良善行善。或更清楚地说,一个人在重生之前出于理解力行善,但在重生之后出于意愿行善。因此,来自理解力的良善本身不是良善,而是真理;而来自意愿的良善才是良善。例如,一个人不孝敬父母,但后来学习十诫,知道要孝敬父母;当他先开始孝敬父母时,是按照诫命来孝敬的。这种孝敬是诫命的产物,故本身不是良善,因为它不是从爱流出的,而是要么来自对律法的服从,要么来自对律法的惧怕。尽管如此,它仍被称为真理之良善;但它在第一次出现时是真理,因为那时,这个人行的不是良善,而是真理。然而,当此人出于爱孝敬父母时,在这种情况下,它就是良善。这同样适用于其它一切例子。
Potts(1905-1910) 3295
3295. And the one people shall prevail over the other people. That this signifies that at first truth shall be superior to the good of truth, is evident from the signification of "people," as being truth (see just above, n. 3294); and from the signification of "prevailing over," as being superior. The "people" referred to in the first place signifies truth, but the "people" referred to in the second place, the good of truth; the good of truth being that good which comes forth from truth, and which in its first coming forth is truth, but is called good because it appears as good. Hence it is that by "people" is also signified this good, which in its first coming forth is called the good of truth. In order to have some idea of this good, we must know that before a man has been regenerated he does good from truth; but after he has been regenerated he does good from good; or more clearly, before a man has been regenerated he does good from the understanding; but after he has been regenerated, from the will. The good therefore that is from the understanding is not in itself good, but truth, whereas the good which is from the will is good. For example: one who does not honor his parents, but from the commandment of the Decalogue learns to honor them, when first he honors them, does it from the commandment; and as this honor is from the commandment it is not in itself good, because it is not from love, but is either from obedience to the law, or from fear of the law. Nevertheless it is called the good of truth, but in its first coming forth it is truth; for at that time the man does not do good, but truth; whereas when the man honors his parents from love, then it is good. The same is true in all other cases.
Elliott(1983-1999) 3295
3295. 'And loner people will prevail over [the other] people' means that at first truth must be superior to the good of truth. This is clear from the meaning of 'people' as truth, dealt with immediately above in 3294, and from the meaning of 'prevailing over' as being superior to. The 'people' mentioned first means truth, whereas the 'people' mentioned second means the good of truth. The good of truth is good which arises out of truth, and, as it exists first of all, is truth. It is called good however because it looks like good. Consequently 'people' also means this good, which is called the good of truth as it is when it first arises.
[2] To have any concept of this good it should be recognized that until he has been regenerated a person does good from truth, but after he has been regenerated he does it from good. Or to make the point clearer still, before he has been regenerated the good he does is a product of the understanding, but after he has been regenerated it is a product of the will. Good therefore which is a product of the understanding is not in itself good but truth, whereas good that is a product of the will is good. For example, when a person does not honour his parents but then learns from the Ten Commandments to do so, his honouring of them is at first a product of the commandment. Such honouring however, being a product of the commandment, is not in itself good because it does not flow from love. It flows either from obedience to the law or from fear of the law, but is nevertheless called the good of truth. When it first arises however it is truth, for at that time it is not good that he performs but truth. When however his honouring of them is the product of love it is in that case good. The same is so in every other example that could be taken.
Latin(1748-1756) 3295
3295. `Et populus prae populo valebit': quod significet quod primo verum erit superius quam bonum veri, constat a significatione `populi' quod sit verum, de qua nunc supra n. 3294; et ex significatione `valere prae' quod sit superius esse: populus primo loco nominatus significat verum, at populus {1}secundo loco {2}bonum veri; bonum veri est bonum quod existit ex vero, estque in sua prima existentia verum, sed vocatur bonum quia apparet ut bonum; inde est quod per `populum' etiam significetur hoc bonum, quod dicitur bonum veri primo existens: [2] ut aliqua idea hujus boni habeatur, sciendum quod homo antequam regeneratus est, faciat bonum ex vero, at postquam regeneratus est, faciat bonum ex bono; vel clarius: homo antequam regeneratus est, ex intellectu faciat bonum, sed postquam regeneratus, ex voluntate; bonum itaque quod ex intellectu, non est in se bonum, sed verum, at quod ex voluntate, hoc est bonum: ut pro exemplo, qui parentes suos non honorat, at ex praecepto decalogi discit illos honorare, is primum dum honorat illos, est ex praecepto; sed is honor, quia est ex praecepto non est bonum in se quia non est ex amore; est vel ex oboedientia legis, vel ex timore legis, at usque dicitur bonum veri, {3}sed est in sua prima existentia verum, nam tunc non facit bonum, sed facit verum; at cum honorat illos ex amore, tunc est bonum: ita in reliquis.