启示录第十七章
启示录17
1拿着七个小瓶的七位天使中，有一位来跟我说话，对我说，来；我将坐在众水上的大淫妇所要受的审判指示你；2地上的诸王与她行淫，住在地上的人喝醉了她淫乱的酒。3在灵里，天使把我带到旷野；我就看见一个女人骑在朱红色的兽上，那兽满了亵渎的名号，有七头十角。4那女人穿着紫色和朱红色的衣服，镶嵌着金子、宝石和珍珠，手拿盛满了可憎之物和她淫乱污秽的金杯。5在她额上有名写着，奥秘哉，大巴比伦，作地上的淫乱和可憎之物的母。6我又看见那女人喝醉了圣徒的血，和为耶稣作见证之人的血；我看见她，就大大惊奇。7天使对我说，你为什么惊奇呢？我要将这女人和驮着她的那七头十角兽的奥秘告诉你。8你所看见的兽，先前有，如今没有，将要从深渊中上来，又要走向灭亡；凡住在地上、名字从创世以来没有记在生命册上的，见先前有，如今没有，以后再有的兽，就必惊奇。9这就是有智慧的心思。那七头就是女人所坐的七座山。10又是七位王；五位已经倾倒了，一位还在，一位还没有来到；他来的时候，必须暂时存留。11那先前有，如今没有的兽，自己是第八位，和那七位同列，也走向灭亡。12你所看见的那十角，就是十王，他们还没有得国；但他们一时之间，要和兽同得权柄，与王一样。13这些人都有一个心思，将自己的能力和权柄给那兽。14这些人必与羔羊争战；但羔羊必胜过他们，因为羔羊是万主之主，万王之王；那些与羔羊同在的人被呼召、拣选，并且是忠信的。15天使又对我说，你所看见那淫妇坐的众水，就是各人民、群众、民族和舌头。16你所看见在那兽上的十角，这些必恨这淫妇，使她荒凉赤身，又要吃她的肉，用火将她烧尽。17因为神将遵行祂的心意，行一样的心意，把他们的国给那兽放在他们心里，直等到神的话都完结了。18你所看见的那女人，就是有一国管辖地上众王的大城。
1029a# 由于这一章和接下来的一章论述了巴比伦，所以在我们解释这两章之前，先说明巴比伦总体和具体是什么意思，还要说明它起初是何品质，后来又逐渐变成什么样。“巴比伦或巴别”是指由那些渴望利用教会的圣物统治全世界的人组成的教会，他们通过统治人类的灵魂，声称自己有权柄拯救凡他们所愿意的人而如此行；这些人最终寻求统治天堂和地狱，并这种统治权据为己有。为达到这个目的，他们获取主的一切权柄，并将其转到自己这里，就好像主已经赐给了他们一样。由这样的人组成的教会在起初完全不同于随着时间推移，它所变成的样子。起初，他们可以说为主、为圣言，为爱和信，尤其为世人的拯救而发热心。但这种热情里面隐藏着统治的火；随着时间的推移，并且随着统治权的增长，这火爆发出来，在它采取行动的程度上，教会的圣物成为手段，统治本身成为目的。当统治成为目的时，教会的圣物就成了用于这个目的，因而用于他们自己的一个手段。然后，他们不仅将灵魂的救赎归功于自己的权柄，还将主的一切神性能力都据为己有。当他们如此行时，就扭曲了教会的一切良善和一切真理，从而亵渎了教会的圣物。这些事就是“巴比伦”。
情况就是这样，这一点以一种活生生的方式被指示给我。在灵界，有些人努力获得这种统治权。他们因知道唯独主拥有一切权柄，于是就似乎对主、对天堂和教会充满热情，竭尽全力唯独敬拜主，并以一种神圣的方式遵守圣言的一切。他们还安排，让神圣和正直在所有人当中占上风。但人们可以知道，这种热情里面隐藏着统治其他所有人的强烈欲望；他们以为，他们所安排的事会蒙主悦纳。而事实上，一旦他们获得统治权，目的就渐渐暴露出来，这目的就是，是他们，而不是主进行统治，因此主应服侍他们，而不是他们服侍主；他们若不被允许像神一样按自己的意愿处理一切，就会感到很愤怒。事实上，人们发现，如果随心所欲做一切事的权力没有赋予他们，他们就轻视主，甚至弃绝祂，除非祂同意他们的一切决定。人们还发现，他们若敢，就会以任何借口想把主的神性权柄转到自己这里；但他们害怕他们若如此行，会被扔进地狱。通过这种方式说明，巴比伦是如何开始的，又是如何结束的。由此可以得出结论：当统治成为目的，教会的圣物成为手段时，对神的敬拜就会以各种借口变成对人的敬拜；因此，他们自己实际上成了神，而主实际上不是神，只是为了形式而被称为神。
由于利用教会的圣物对人的灵魂、天堂和主自己的统治内在是亵渎的，所以可推知，它是地狱的。事实上，地狱里的魔鬼一心只想统治天堂和主自己；他们也以各种借口试图如此行。不过，他们一进行尝试，就被地狱吞没。既然那些在世上把主从祂王国的座位上赶下来，把自己置于其上的人内心就像魔鬼，那么很明显，随着时间推移，由这些人组成的教会在其一切良善和一切真理上都被摧毁；这就是它的结局。他们就是魔鬼，这一点从灵界的这些人身上明显看出来。那些在世上行使主的神性权柄的人死后以最神圣的方式谈论主，并以各种外在的虔诚来敬拜祂。但当他们的内层或内在状态被看到（因为在灵界，这些能被发现和看到）时，却发现它们是亵渎的，因为它们是无神论的，充满魔鬼般的狡诈。由此清楚可知，他们的神圣外在为他们实现统治的目的提供了手段。
有一次，一个问题出现在灵人中间，即：地狱里的魔鬼是否能做出这种事；于是一个最坏的魔鬼从那里被召唤出来，他被告知，他若以圣洁敬拜主，承认祂的神性等同于父的神性，同时遵行敬拜的一切，就会统治许多人。一听说可以统治许多人，他立刻使他的内层变得狡诈，使他的外在变得神圣，并以一种比许多天使都更神圣的方式敬拜主，还向所有不崇拜主的人发怒。但一发现统治权没有授予他，他就向主自己大发雷霆，不仅否认祂的神性和父的神性，甚至还指责这两者；因为他是个无神论者。
这就是当今巴比伦的性质，这一点从以下事实很清楚地看出来：他们以钥匙已经交给彼得为借口，将主的一切神性权柄都转到自己这里，通过夺走圣言而向民众封锁神性真理，他们将一种与圣言的神圣同等，甚至更高的神圣归于教皇的法令；他们即便有，也很少教导对神的敬畏和敬拜，只教导对他们自己的敬畏和敬拜，以及为了他们自己而对圣徒或圣物的敬拜。这一切清楚表明，巴比伦在走到尽头时，是一个缺乏对神之爱的一切良善和对邻之爱的一切良善，因而缺乏一切真理的空虚教会。因此，它不再是一个教会，而是偶像崇拜；所以它与古人当中的异教徒几乎没什么两样；这些异教徒敬拜巴力、亚斯他录、别西卜，以及其他人，却又有圣殿，指定的节期，祭坛，祭物，香，奠祭和其它东西，与犹太教会的东西很相似。说关于巴比伦在起初和结束时的这些事，是为让人们知道为何在圣言中，巴比伦有时甚至被高举到天上，有时甚至被扔进地狱。
1029b# 这就是巴比伦或巴别的性质，这一点从先知书，尤其但以理书对它的描述，以及它在其中的代表很清楚地看出来。首先，从但以理书中尼布甲尼撒王梦见的雕像看出来：
尼布甲尼撒王梦见一个雕像站在王对面；它的头是精金的，胸膛和膀臂是银的，肚腹和大腿是铜的，小腿是铁的，脚是半铁半泥的。后来有一块石头被凿出来，击打在这半铁半泥的脚上，把它们砸碎；于是铁、泥、铜、银、金都一同砸得粉碎，如夏天禾场上的糠秕，被风吹散，无处可寻。打碎这像的石头变成一块大岩石。（但以理书2:31–35）
从但以理对这梦的解释清楚看出，它描述了变成巴比伦的教会从开始到结束的状态。所描述的，正是巴比伦，因为这些东西是巴比伦王在梦中看到的，他还看见一个雕像正对着他；但以理也明确地对王说，你就是那属金的头（但以理书2:38）。这雕像的头、胸、臂、腹、大腿、小腿、脚，以及从上到下构成这像的金、银、铜、铁、泥，描述了这个教会的相继状态，甚至直到最后状态。这一切清楚表明，这个教会起初因对主之爱的良善而充满智慧。因为它的“头”，也就是最高部分，表示智慧，“金”表示对主之爱的良善。它的脚趾是“半铁半泥的”，表示该教会的最后状态将是一种缺乏一切爱之良善和一切智慧的状态；因为但以理是这样解释的：
你既见铁与泥混合，他们必与人的种混合，却不能彼此相合，正如铁与泥不能混合一样。（但以理书2:43）
“人的种”表示神性真理，因而表示圣言的真理；因这真理而不能实现相合，因为在教会的末了，它因被用于对人的敬拜而被歪曲了。“石头砸碎了雕像的所有部分”描述了这个教会的毁灭。“石头”表示神性真理；石头所变成的“岩石”表示神性真理方面的主。它的毁灭就是最后的审判。下面这些话则描述了那时将由主建立的新教会：
天上的神必使一国兴起，永不灭亡，祂的国也不归别的人民；它却要打碎灭绝那一切国，但它自己必永远站立。（但以理书2:44）
在圣言的这一部分和其它部分，“王”都表示教会；“人”也是如此，雕像就是人的形式。
在但以理书，尼布甲尼撒王在梦中看到的“树”也描述了后来变成巴比伦的教会：
我正在观看，看哪，地中间有一棵树，极其高大；那树生长，变得强壮，高得顶天，从全地极都能看见它；其叶子华美，其花朵甚多；田野的走兽得到它下面的荫影，空中的飞鸟住在它的枝子上，一切肉体都从这树得滋养。看哪，有一位守望的圣者从天而降，全力呼喊，这样说，伐倒这树，砍下枝子，抛散花朵；叫走兽从他下面逃离，飞鸟从他的树枝逃离；但他根上的树墩子却要留在地里，用铁圈和铜圈箍住，留在田野的青草中；让他被天上的露水滴湿，让他的分儿就在地上的青草，跟走兽一样；他们必改变他的心，不再是人的心，而给他一个兽心，直到七期经过他，直到活人知道主是人国中的至高者。（但以理书4:10–17）
这树及其一切是指尼布甲尼撒王，因而是指巴比伦本身，这一点在但以理书（4:20–22）说得很明确。从但以理书（4:32–34）明显看出，所听到的这些事都发生在了王身上，即：他被赶出离开人，与田野的兽同居，吃草如牛，直到七期经过他。这些事临到他身上，是由于他的自我之爱，以及他对自己统治的骄傲，这一点从他说的这些话清楚看出来：
这大巴比伦不是我用大能大力建为王国之家，为显我威严的荣耀吗？（但以理书4:30）
后来，当他恢复时：我，尼布甲尼撒尊崇天上的王，因为他的一切作为是真理，他的道路是公平；他能使那行走在骄傲中的人降为卑微。（但以理书4:37）
尼布甲尼撒的这种状态描述了那些高举自己为神，胜过教会的一切之人死后的状态；即：“他们被赶出离开人”，这意味着他们在理解力方面不再像人；“他们变成兽，并吃草如牛”、“他们头发长长，好像鹰毛，他们的指甲长长，如同鸟爪”表示他们彻底感官化；他们是愚蠢的，而不是聪明的，是疯狂的，而不是智慧的；“吃草，头发像鹰毛，指甲如同鸟爪”表示变得感官化。
1029c# 在但以理书，“从海中上来的四只兽”也描述了最终变成巴比伦的教会的相继状态：
从海中上来的四只兽向他显现，第一只像狮子，有鹰的翅膀，但这翅膀被拔去，兽从地上被扶起来，用两脚站立，像人一样，又有人的心给了它。后来又有一兽如熊，就是第二兽，它半身侧立，有三根肋骨在它口内牙齿间；他们对它如此说，起来吞吃多肉。此后，看哪，又有一兽如豹，背上有四个翅膀，像鸟的翅膀，四个头；又有统治权给了它。后来，第四兽，可怕可惧，极其强壮，大有力量，有大铁牙，吞吃嚼碎，剩下的用脚践踏。（但以理书7:3–7）
这些兽也描述了教会从最初到最后的相继状态（可参看AE316,556,650,780,781节）。“有鹰的翅膀的狮子”，以及后来它“像人一样，又有人的心给了它”表示在第一种状态下，他们处于真理，从而处于聪明。“可怕，吞吃嚼碎，剩下的用脚践踏的第四只兽”表示在最后的状态下，他们处于来自邪恶的各种虚假。关于这只兽，但以理书（7:23–25）提到了其它东西。
下面这些话的意思是，已经变成巴比伦的教会将被摧毁，一个敬拜主的新教会将得以建立：
我正在观看，见有一位像人子的，驾着天云而来。有权柄、荣耀和国度赐给他，使所有人民、民族和舌头都拜他。他的权柄是永远的权柄，是不能废去的；他的国度必不毁灭。国度、权柄和普天之下诸国的威严，必赐给至高者的圣民，他的国是永远的国；一切掌权的都必敬拜他，顺从他。（但以理书7:13–14,27）
“人子”是指神性人身和圣言方面的主。“有权柄、荣耀和国度赐给他，他的权柄是永远的权柄，是不能废去的”是指祂要建立一个教会，这个教会将敬拜祂。“必赐给圣民的国度”是指祂要建立的教会。当教会成为巴比伦，也就是说，被如此摧毁，以至于它里面不再剩下任何良善或真理时，这将成为现实，因为那时是它的结局，也就是说，那时不再有任何教会。巴比伦的结局就是指这种结局。并不是说他们在世上的偶像崇拜将与他们一起被摧毁，因为这种崇拜会持续下去，但不是作为任何教会的敬拜，而是作为异教的敬拜持续下去。因此，这些人死后会来到异教徒中间，不再在基督徒当中。但主会从那些不拜教皇，也不拜圣徒和雕刻的偶像，而是拜主的人当中形成一个新教会。
但以理书描述了巴比伦的偶像崇拜：尼布甲尼撒王立了一座高大的雕像，命令所有人俯伏敬拜它；凡不俯伏敬拜的，必扔在燃烧着烈火的窑中。（但以理书3:1–7）
但以理书还描述了这个偶像崇拜：因这雕像，玛代的大流士下令，任何人都不可在王以外或向任何神、或向任何人求什么；三十天之内，凡向神或人求什么的，就必扔在狮子坑中。（但以理书6:7–9）
这些话描述了在对圣物的统治，和对神性权柄的篡夺方面的“巴别”或“巴比伦”；所有说服大流士去造这雕像的人都被扔进狮子坑中，并被吞食，则描述了他们的毁灭。
但以理书也描述了巴比伦或巴别：伯沙撒王叫大臣、皇后、妃嫔用他父尼布甲尼撒从耶路撒冷殿中所掠的金银器皿饮酒，同时他们赞美金、银、铜、铁、木、石所造的神，当时墙上就向他显出字来；后来王在那一夜被杀了。（但以理书5:1–31）
这些事物代表、因而表示那些属于巴比伦，把自己的统治甚至延伸到天堂的人对教会圣物的亵渎；因为经上说：
当他们把他家中的器皿拿到你面前时，你竟高抬自己在天上的主之上。（但以理书5:23）
从但以理书中的这些经文可以看出，在圣言中，“巴比伦”或“巴别”是指对统治全世界，统治天堂和主自己的爱；主的教会逐渐变成巴比伦，并且随着它变成巴比伦，它在一切爱之良善和一切信之真理方面被摧毁；这就是它的结局，也就是说，它不再是一个教会。当它不再是一个教会时，就被算在偶像崇拜的民族当中，除了那些敬拜主，视圣言为神圣，并从它那里接受教导的人之外。
1029d# 以赛亚书也描述了“巴别”或“巴比伦”：
耶和华要怜恤雅各，必再拣选以色列，将他安置在他们自己的地。当耶和华赐你安息，脱离愁苦的日子，你必提这诗歌论巴比伦王说，勒索人的怎么停止了，对金子的欲望怎么止息了。耶和华折断了恶人的杖和掌权者的棒，因此全地得安息、享平静；他们放声歌唱。连橡树，就是黎巴嫩的香柏树都因你欢乐，说，自从你躺下以后，再没有伐木的人临到我们了。下面的地狱因你震动，迎接你的到来；它因你激动利乏音，就是地上所有的强者；它使列族的众王都从他们的宝座上起立。他们都必答话，对你说，你也变为软弱像我们一样吗？你也与我们相似吗？你的威势和你琴瑟的噪声都下到地狱；你下面铺的是虫，上面盖的是蛆。路西弗啊，早晨之子，你何竟从天坠落，你何竟被砍倒在地上，在列族之下软弱。你心里曾说，我要升到诸天，我要高举我的宝座在天上的众星以上，我要坐在聚会的山上，在北方的两极，我要升到高云之上，我要与至高者同等。然而，你必被丢入地狱，到坑的两侧。凡看见你的都要留意你。这就是那使大地震动，使列国战抖，使世界成为旷野，摧毁其城邑的人吗？你被抛弃在你的坟墓之外，好像可憎的枝子，以被杀的人为衣，就是被剑刺透、坠落坑中石头那里的，像被践踏在脚下的尸首一样。你不得与他们同在坟墓里，因为你毁坏你的地，杀戮你的民；恶人的种必永不留名。因他们祖宗的罪孽就要预备杀戮他的儿子，免得他们兴起来，得了这地，使地面满了城邑。因为万军之耶和华说，我必兴起攻击他们，将巴比伦的名号和所余剩的人，连子带孙一并剪除。我必使你成为麻鳽的产业，又变为水池，我要用灭亡的扫帚扫净她。我要在我的地上击破亚述人，在我的山上践踏他。（以赛亚书14:1–25）
所有这些话都论及巴比伦，而不是论及任何魔鬼，这魔鬼被造为光明天使，因叛乱而被扔进地狱，并因他的最初状态而被称为“路西弗，早晨之子”。此处描述的是巴比伦，这一点从提到巴比伦王和巴比伦的以赛亚书（14:4,22）明显看出来，因为经上说“你必提这诗歌论巴比伦王说”，后来又说：“我必将巴比伦的名号和所余剩的人剪除。”要知道，在圣言中，王和他的国具有相同的含义。巴比伦之所以被称为“路西弗，早晨之子”，是因为如前所述，巴比伦起初是为主、为爱之良善和信之真理而发热心的教会，尽管其牧师的这种热情里面隐藏着利用圣言的圣物统治他们能征服之人的火。这就是为何巴比伦被称为“路西弗，早晨之子”。由于同样的原因，它被称为诸王之王，一切都被交在他手中（但以理书2:37），它也被称为雕像的金头（但以理书2:38）和地中间高大的树（但以理书4:10,22）。
起初的巴比伦也是有鹰的翅膀，后来像人一样，又有人的心给了它的狮子（但以理书7:4）所指的，被称为列国的装饰和迦勒底人辉煌的荣耀（以赛亚书13:19），并被提到在认识耶和华的人当中（诗篇87:4）。由于起初的巴比伦表示这种教会，所以巴比伦王在此被称为“路西弗，早晨之子”，因那时的真理之光被称为“路西弗”，因光明或白昼的开始而被称为“早晨之子”；“早晨”是指起初的教会。但这一章描述的是在末期，就是当教会成为“淫妇巴比伦”时，这个教会的状态；当不再有任何爱之良善或任何信之真理剩下时，这就是它的状态。它的这种状态就是它的毁灭和被判下地狱的意思。圣言所说的他们的毁灭无非是指死后，那些篡夺和行使神性权柄，并为了达到这个目的而把地上的民众困在浓密的幽暗或盲目，以及偶像崇拜中的人，尤其那些把人们引离对主的敬拜之人被投入地狱。
由于这些就是这一章所描述的事，所以我要简要解释一下从中所引用的这些经文。“耶和华要怜恤雅各，必再拣选以色列，将他安置在他们自己的地”表示巴比伦结束之后，主将建立一个新教会。“当那日，你必提这诗歌论巴比伦王说，勒索人的怎么停止了，对金子的欲望怎么止息了”表示从属灵的囚禁和奴役中释放出来，那些在这个教会统治之下的人就处于这种属灵的囚禁和奴役。“耶和华折断了恶人的杖和掌权者的棒”表示他们不再通过来自良善的真理而拥有任何能力，因为他们处于来自邪恶的纯粹虚假；这就是他们在灵界的无能。“全地享平静；他们放声歌唱，连橡树，就是黎巴嫩的香柏树都因你欢乐，说，自从你躺下以后，再没有伐木的人临到我们了”表示那些处于良善和真理的知识之人将不再被他们侵扰，“地”表示将从他们那里得安息的一个新教会，“橡树”和“黎巴嫩的香柏树”表示外在意义和内在意义上的真理和良善的知识，“伐木的人不临到他们”表示不再有侵扰。“下面的地狱因你震动，迎接你的到来；它因你激动利乏音，就是地上所有的强者；它使列族的众王都从他们的宝座上起立”表示那些地狱里的人报复的快乐。“他们都必答话说，你也变为软弱像我们一样吗？你也与我们相似吗？你的威势和你琴瑟的噪声都下到地狱”表示因想到教会变得像他们一样，同样处于邪恶之虚假而快乐。“路西弗啊，早晨之子，你何竟从天坠落，你何竟被砍倒在地上，在列族之下软弱”表示讥讽，因为它变成这样，尽管它起初因处于爱之良善和信之真理而在天堂。这些话是地狱里的人说的，因为对那里的人来说，没有什么比能把任何人从天堂拉下来，用邪恶之虚假毁灭他更快乐的了。“你心里曾说，我要高举我的宝座在天上的众星以上，我要坐在聚会的山上，在北方的两极，我要升到高云之上，我要与至高者同等”也是讥讽的话，讥讽他们以统治为骄傲，他们甚至扩展到天堂，篡夺神性权柄，从而使天堂的一切和教会的一切都服从他们的意愿，以便他们可以像神一样被敬拜和崇拜；“在北方两极的聚会的山”是指升入天堂的地方，“在众星和高云之上”是指在神性真理之上，“星”是指良善和真理的知识，“高云”是指圣言的内层真理。“然而，你必被丢入地狱，到坑的两侧；凡看见你的都要留意你。这就是那使大地震动，使列国战抖，使世界成为旷野，摧毁其城邑的人吗”是指继续讥讽那些在地狱里的人，以及讥讽他们夸耀，教会从天上摔下来了，“坑的两侧”是指地狱里的地方，那里只有邪恶之虚假，“地，列国和世界”表示教会，“城邑”表示教义。“你被抛弃在你的坟墓之外，好像可憎的枝子，以被杀的人为衣，就是被剑刺透、坠落坑中石头那里的，像被践踏在脚下的尸首一样”表示他们的诅咒状态，“以被杀的人为衣，就是被剑刺透的，被践踏在脚下的尸首”表示对真理的亵渎的诅咒或定罪。“你不得与他们同在坟墓里，因为你毁坏你的地，杀戮你的民；恶人的种必永不留名”表示比其余的更严重的诅咒或定罪，因为教会的一切都被灭绝了。“因他们祖宗的罪孽就要预备杀戮他的儿子，免得他们兴起来，得了这地，使地面满了城邑”表示他们永远的毁灭。“我必将巴比伦的名号和所余剩的人，连子带孙一并剪除”表示彻底的毁灭，因为他们不再拥有任何良善或真理。“我必使你成为麻鳽的产业，又变为水池，我要用灭亡的扫帚扫净她”表示通过摧毁真理而来的地狱虚假。“我要在我的地上击破亚述人，在我的山上践踏他”表示新教会不会有基于虚假反对真理和良善的任何推理。此外，本书的其它部分更详细地解释了这一章的内容（可参看AE208b,223b,304d,g,331b,386b,405e,539b,589,594d,608a,659e,687b,697c,724e,727b,730b,741d,768e,811d节）。
1029e# 同一先知书：
因此，巴比伦必成为列国的装饰，为迦勒底人辉煌的荣耀，必像神所倾覆的所多玛、蛾摩拉一样；它必永远无人居住，世世代代无人居住；阿拉伯人也不在那里停留，牧羊的人也不使羊群躺卧在那里；只有旷野的走兽（ziim）躺卧在那里，他们的房屋满了夜枭（Ochim），猫头鹰的女儿住在那里，萨梯（或野山羊）在那里跳舞。鸮鸟（ijim）必在她宫中呼应，龙必在她快乐的宫殿中回应。她的时间将到，她的日子必不久延。（以赛亚书13:19–22）
这一整章论述的主题是在那些属于巴比伦的人中间，教会的良善的一切和真理的一切彻底毁灭。“因此，巴比伦必成为”在字义上是指被称为巴比伦或巴别的大城，但在灵义上是指已经成为巴比伦的教会。巴比伦或巴别因这个教会起初的智慧而被称为“列国的装饰和迦勒底人辉煌的荣耀”，如前所述；但一般来说，“巴别或巴比伦”是指一切爱之良善都被摧毁，最终被亵渎的教会，“迦勒底”是指一切信之真理都被摧毁，最终被亵渎的教会。这就是为何经上说它“像神所倾覆的所多玛、蛾摩拉一样”，“所多玛”也表示自我之爱对一切良善的摧毁，“蛾摩拉”表示由此而来的对一切真理的摧毁。“它必永远无人居住，世世代代无人居住”表示它的永远毁灭，“永远无人居住”与良善的毁灭有关，“世世代代无人居住”与真理的毁灭有关；因为那些摧毁良善和真理，后来又欣然接受邪恶和虚假以取代它们的人不能被改造。而那些处于邪恶和虚假，没有摧毁良善和真理的人则不然，如不知道良善和真理的外邦人。“阿拉伯人也不在那里停留，牧羊的人也不使羊群躺卧在那里”表示教会将变成这种旷野或沙漠，“阿拉伯人”是指那些生活在旷野或沙漠中，但因没有五谷或果实而不在那里停留的人，这与当没有牧场时，牧羊人的羊群是一样的。“只有旷野的走兽（ziim）躺卧在那里，房屋满了夜枭（Ochim）”表示属于他们的地狱的虚假和邪恶，“旷野的走兽（ziim）”表示地狱的虚假，“夜枭（Ochim）”表示地狱的邪恶，“房屋”表示那些具有这种品质之人的心智。“猫头鹰的女儿住在那里，萨梯（或野山羊）在那里跳舞”表示被歪曲的真理和被玷污的良善都会在那里，“猫头鹰的女儿”表示被歪曲的真理，“萨梯（或野山羊）”表示被玷污的良善，“跳舞”表示出于玷污爱之良善的污秽之爱的喜乐。“鸮鸟（ijim）必在她宫中呼应，龙必在她快乐的宫殿中回应”表示在他们教义中的这些玷污和歪曲。先知书中的其它经文同样描述了巴比伦。如在耶利米书：有剑临到巴比伦，有剑临到她的宝物，宝物就被抢夺；有干旱临到她的众水，它们就干涸；因为这是雕刻偶像之地，他们以可怕的东西为荣耀；所以猛兽（tziim）和土狼（ijim）必住在那里，猫头鹰的女儿也住在其中；她必不再永远坐着，也世世代代无人居住；必无人住在那里，也无人子在其中逗留，正如神倾覆所多玛、蛾摩拉，和邻近的城邑一样。（耶利米书50:35,37–40）
同一先知书：你们要从巴比伦中间逃出，各人救自己的灵魂，免得你因她的罪孽被剪除。巴比伦是耶和华手中的金杯，使全地沉醉；列族喝了她的酒，于是列族就发疯了。巴比伦忽然倾覆，并被打碎。耶和华说，行毁灭的山哪，看哪，我和你作对，你毁灭全地。我要伸手攻击你，使你从岩石上滚下来，使你成为烧毁的山。人必不从你那里取石头为房角。巴比伦必成为乱堆，为龙的住处，令人惊骇、嗤笑，并且无人居住。（耶利米书51:6–8,25,26,37）.
以赛亚书：安然坐着的巴比伦啊，现在当听，她心中说，惟有我，除我以外再没有别人；我必不坐着为寡妇，也不知道丧子之痛。但丧子、寡居这两件事在一日转眼之间必临到你。只因你的众多邪术和大量法术，它们必全然临到你身上。因为你素来倚靠自己的邪恶，说，无人看见我。当你心里说，惟有我，除我以外再没有人时，你的智慧和知识就迷惑了你。因此，恶事必临到你，你不知如何躲避，灾祸落在你身上，你也不能赎罪；你所不知道的毁灭必忽然临到你身上。（以赛亚书47:8–11）
因此，巴比伦的毁灭不仅在这里被描述，还在以赛亚书整个第47章，以及在耶利米书的整个第50和51章，以赛亚书（21:8,9）和诗篇（137:1,8,9）中被描述。在以西结书（16:1–63;23:1–49），他们在埃及的淫行，后来与亚述女子，最后与巴比伦女子并迦勒底人的淫行描述了犹太人对真理的歪曲。“在埃及的淫行”表示来自属世人的对真理的歪曲，这是由谬误、表象和知识或科学导致的。他们与亚述女子的淫行表示来自理性人的对真理的歪曲，这是由基于谬误、表象和知识或科学的推理和诡辩导致的。他们与巴比伦女子并迦勒底人的淫行表示对良善的玷污和对真理的亵渎。
因此，当以色列人完全背离代表教会属灵事物的律例时（他们通过这些属灵事物与天堂交流），他们都被交在亚述王手中；因为他们中间不再有任何代表性教会，因而不再有与天堂的交流。关于他们的罪行，以及他们被亚述王掳到他的城邑，还掳到巴比伦，可参看列王纪下（17:1–41）。同样的事发生在犹太人身上。当他们如此玷污和亵渎代表信之良善和真理的一切律例、典章和律法，以至于不再有任何良善和真理剩下时，当他们的教会因此成为巴比伦时，不仅他们的王和首领，并全体百姓，而且耶和华家中的一切财宝，以及后来它的一切金器，都被交在了巴比伦王尼布甲尼撒的手中；此外，圣殿本身也被烧毁了（对此，参看列王纪下24:1–20;25:1–26;以赛亚书20:17,18;39:6,7;耶利米书20:4,5;21:4–10;25:1–12;27:6–22;28:1–16;29:1–21;32:1–5;34:1–7,18–22;35:11;38:17–23;39:2–18;41:1–12;52:1–34）。他们的罪过是：他们使无辜的血充满了耶路撒冷（列王纪下24:4），他们向巴力烧香，向别神浇奠祭，把可憎之物设立在耶和华的家中，在欣嫩子谷建造巴力的丘坛，把自己的儿女献给摩洛（耶利米书32:29–35）。这一切都表示对教会圣物的亵渎。这种亵渎也由“巴比伦”来表示。因此，耶利米对他们说，他们要自愿把自己交在巴比伦王手中，那些不这样把自己交出去，留在那地的人必死于剑，饥荒和瘟疫（耶利米书27:1–11），免得表示教会的那地再遭他们亵渎，也免得巴比伦由此完全披上它的代表。
但由于主将生在这个民族，并在那时教会所在的地方和祂的圣言所在的地方显现祂自己，所以这个民族被掳七十年后，从巴比伦被带回来了，圣殿也得以重建。然而，除了像巴比伦教会一样的教会外，没有其它教会留在他们中间，这可从主自己关于这个民族所说的许多话，以及他们接受祂的方式明显看出来。因此，耶路撒冷最终被摧毁，圣殿也被大火烧毁。
总的来说，要知道，每个教会起初都像一个处女，但随着时间推移，它变成了妓女。因为随着它渐渐开始爱自我和世界，它也渐渐进入一种邪恶的生活，从而接受虚假的教义；然后，它从一个教会要么变成了巴比伦，要么变成了非利士，在那些爱自己胜过一切的人中间变成巴比伦，在那些爱世界胜过一切的人中间变成非利士。因为随着这两种爱增长，教会之人玷污和歪曲了圣言的良善和真理，圣言也从一个处女变成了一个妓女。
挪亚的后代开始建立的通天塔（对此，可参看创世记11:1–9,以及《属天的奥秘》1283–1328节对这些细节的解释）就代表并表示，若非主通过分散他们的宗教阻止这种尝试，大洪水之后的第一个教会也会变成巴比伦。从圣言如此说明“巴比伦或巴别”总体和具体表示什么之后，我们现在准备继续解释本章和下一章关于巴比伦及其毁灭的预言。
1029. CHAPTER 17.
1. AND there came one of the seven angels having the seven vials, and talked with me, saying unto me, Come hither; I will show thee the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters:
2. With whom the kings of the earth committed whoredom, and the inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her whoredom.
3. And he carried me away, into a wilderness, in the spirit and I saw a woman sitting upon a scarlet beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns.
4. And the woman was arrayed in crimson and scarlet, and decked with gold and precious stone and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of the abominations and uncleanness of her whoredom.
5. And upon her forehead a name written, Mystery, Babylon the great, the mother of the whoredoms and abominations of the earth.
6. And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the witnesses of Jesus; and when I saw her, I wondered with a great wonder.
7. And the angel said unto me, Wherefore didst thou wonder? I will tell thee the mystery of the woman, and of the beast that carrieth her, which hath the seven heads and ten horns.
8. The beast which thou sawest was, and is not, and is about to ascend out of the abyss, and go into perdition; and they that dwell on the earth shall wonder; they whose names were not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they behold the beast that was, and is not, but yet is.
9. This is the mind that hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sitteth.
10. And they are seven kings; five are fallen, and one is, and the other is not yet come; and when he cometh, he must continue a short space.
11. And the beast that was, and is not, he is the eighth, and is of the seven, and goeth into perdition.
12. And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten kings, who have received no kingdom as yet; but they receive power as kings one hour with the beast.
13. These have one mind, and shall deliver up their power and authority to the beast.
14. These shall fight with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them, for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings and those that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful.
15. And he saith unto me, The waters which thou sawest, where the whore sitteth, are peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues.
16. And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, these shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall devour her flesh, and burn her with fire.
17. For God hath put into their hearts to do his mind, and to come to one mind, and give their kingdom unto the beast, until the words of God shall be consummated.
18. And the woman whom thou sawest is the great city, which hath a kingdom over the kings of the earth.
EXPLANATION.
BECAUSE in this and the following chapter the subject treated of is Babylon, therefore, before we proceed to the explanation of these chapters, it shall be shown what is meant by Babylon in general and particular; also what its quality is in the beginning, and what it becomes afterwards, by degrees.
By Babylon or Babel is meant the church consisting of those who by the holy things of the church aspire to dominion over the whole world, and this by means of dominion over the souls of men, claiming to themselves the power of saving whomsoever they will; and who at last seek and appropriate to themselves dominion over heaven and hell. And for this purpose they derive and transfer to themselves all the Lord's power, as if given to them by Him.
The church consisting of such is, in its beginning, not the same as it becomes in process of time. In the beginning they are zealous, as it were, for the Lord, the Word, for love and faith, and especially for the salvation of men. But in that zeal lies hidden the fire of ruling, which in process of time, and as dominion increases, breaks out, and in the degree in which it comes out into act, the holy things of the church become the means, and dominion itself the end. And when dominion becomes the end, then the holy things of the church are used as a means to that end, that is, to themselves. And then they not only make the salvation of souls dependent on their own power, but also appropriate to themselves all the Lord's Divine power. And when they do this, they then pervert all the good and all the truth of the church, and thus profane the holy things of the church. These things are Babylon.
[2] That this is the case has been shown me to the life. In the spiritual world there were those who affected a similar dominion. And because they knew that all power belonged to the Lord alone, they assumed, as it were, a zeal for Him, for heaven, and for the church, and laboured with all their power to worship the Lord alone, and to keep all things of the Word holy. They also arranged that sanctity and integrity should prevail in all. But it was permitted to be known that in that zeal an ardent desire to rule over all others was hidden; they believed that those things that they arranged would be accepted by the Lord. But, in fact, as soon as they obtained dominion, by degrees the end was revealed, which was not that the Lord but that they themselves might rule, and thus that the Lord might serve them, and not they the Lord; they were indignant if they were not allowed as gods to dispose everything according to their will. Indeed, it was seen that they made light of the Lord, and even rejected Him, if the power was not granted them of doing everything according to their own pleasure, and unless every decision of theirs was assented to. It was also seen that they were desirous, under any pretence, to transfer His Divine power to themselves if they dared, but they were afraid of being cast down into hell if they did so. By this it was shown how Babylon begins, and how it ends. One could, therefore, conclude, that while dominion becomes the end, and the holy things of the church the means, the worship of God is turned, under various pretences, into the worship of men, so that they themselves are actually gods, and the Lord is not really God, but is merely called so for the sake of form.
[3] Now, because dominion by means of the holy things of the church over the souls of men, over heaven, and over the Lord Himself, is inwardly profane, it follows that it is infernal. For the devils in hell covet nothing more than to exercise dominion over heaven, and over the Lord Himself; this they also attempt under various pretences. But while they are making the attempt, they are swallowed up by hell. Since, in the world, those who cast down the Lord from the seat of His kingdom, and place themselves upon it, are, in heart, like devils, it is evident that the church consisting of these must, in process of time, be devastated as to all the good and all the truth thereof; this is its end.
That they are devils is clear from the same in the spiritual world. Those who have exercised the Divine power of the Lord in the world speak, after death, in most holy terms concerning the Lord, and worship Him with every kind of external devotion. But when their interior states are seen (for these may be uncovered and seen in the spiritual world), it is seen that they are profane, because atheistical, and full of diabolical craftiness. Hence it was manifested that their holy externals served them as means to dominion as an end.
A conversation once arose among the spirits whether any devil in hell could do the same. Therefore one of the worst was called thence, and he was told that he should have dominion over many, if he could worship the Lord with sanctity, and acknowledge His Divine to be equal to that of the Father, and perform at the same time all things belonging to worship. On hearing that he could have dominion over many, he immediately became interiorly cunning, assumed a holy external, and worshipped the Lord more reverently than many angels, becoming angry with all those who did not adore Him. But as soon as he observed that dominion was not granted him, he became enraged against the Lord Himself, and not only denied His Divine and also the Divine of the Father, but cast reproaches upon both; for he was an atheist.
[4] That such is the nature of Babylon at this day is quite clear from this, that under the pretence of the keys being given to Peter, they have transferred to themselves all the Divine power of the Lord, having shut up Divine truth from the people by taking away the Word, and have given to the dictates of the Pope a sanctity equal, indeed actually superior, to that of the Word. They teach but little, if anything, about the fear and worship of God, but the fear and worship of themselves, and also the worship of holy things for the sake of themselves. It is therefore clear that Babylon at its end is the church void and empty of all the good of love to God, and of all the good of love towards the neighbour, and consequently of all truth. Consequently, it is no longer a church but an idolatry; and therefore it differs very little from the Gentilism of the ancients, who worshipped Baal, Ashtaroth, Baalzebub, and others; and yet had temples, stated feasts, altars, sacrifices, incense, drink-offerings, and other things, similar to those of the Jewish Church. These things are stated concerning Babylon at its beginning, and at its end, in order that it may be known why it is that Babel, in the Word, is sometimes exalted even to heaven, and sometimes cast down even to hell.
[5] That such is the nature of Babel is quite evident from the description and representation of it in the prophets, and especially in Daniel. First, from the statue of King Nebuchadnezzar, in Daniel:
Nebuchadnezzar the king saw in his dream a statue standing before him; "the head thereof was of fine gold, the breast and arms of silver, the belly and thighs of brass, the legs iron, and the feet part iron and part clay." Afterwards "a stone was cut out without hands, which smote the statue upon its feet, which were of iron and clay, and brake them in pieces, and then the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, were bruised together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshing-floor, so that the wind carried them away, and their place was no more found. But the stone which smote the statue became a great rock" (2:31-35).
From the interpretation of this dream by Daniel, it is evident that the state of the church which becomes Babylon, is there described from its beginning to its end. The reason why it is Babylon which is described is, that those things were seen by the king of Babel in a dream; and he also saw a statue over against him. It is also openly declared to the king by Daniel,
"Thou art this head of gold" (ver. 38).
The successive states of that church even to the last are described by the head, the breast, the arms, the belly, the thighs, the legs, and the feet of this statue; also by the gold, the silver, the brass, the iron, and the clay, of which the statue consisted from top to bottom. From these things it is evident that this church in its beginning was full of wisdom from the good of love to the Lord. For the head, which is highest, signifies wisdom; and gold the good of love to the Lord. That the last state of that church would be one which was destitute of all the good of love and of all wisdom, is signified by the toes of its feet being part iron and part clay. For this is thus interpreted by Daniel:
"Whereas thou sawest iron mingled with miry clay, they shall mingle themselves by the seed of man; but they shall not cleave one to the other, even as iron is not mixed with clay" (ver. 43).
The seed of man signifies Divine truth, thus the truth of the Word; and by this no coherence is effected, because it is falsified at the end of the church by being applied to the worship of men. The destruction of this church is described by the stone breaking in pieces all parts of the statue. By the stone is signified Divine truth; and the Lord as to Divine truth, by the rock which the stone became. Its destruction is the Last Judgment. The New Church, which will then be established by the Lord, is described by these words:
"The God of the heavens shall cause a kingdom to arise which shall not perish for ever, and his kingdom shall not be left to another people. It shall break in pieces and consume all those kingdoms, but itself shall stand for ever" (ver. 44).
[6] By kingdom, in this and other parts of the Word, is signified the church; similarly, by a man, in whose form the statue was.
The church which afterwards became Babylon is also described by the tree seen by King Nebuchadnezzar in a dream, in Daniel:
"I saw, and behold, a tree in the midst of the earth, and the height thereof was great; the tree grew and became strong, and the height thereof reached unto heaven, and the sight thereof to the end of all the earth; the leaf thereof was beautiful, and the flower thereof much, the beast of the field had shadow under it, and in its boughs dwelt the birds of heaven, and all flesh was fed from it. But behold, a watcher and a holy one came down from heaven, crying with might, saying thus: Hew down the tree, and cut off its branches, and disperse the flower thereof, let the beasts flee from under, and the birds from its branches; but leave the stump of its root in the earth, and in a band of iron and brass, in the herb of the field, and let it be wet with the dew of heaven, and let its portion be with the beast in the grass of the earth; they shall change his heart from a man's, and the heart of a beast shall be given to him, while seven times shall pass over him, until they who live shall know that the Lord is the Most High in the kingdom of man" (4:10-17).
That King Nebuchadnezzar, consequently Babel itself, is meant by that tree, and all belonging to it, is openly declared in verses 20, 21, 22. And that the things heard befell the king, namely, that he was driven out from man, dwelt with the beasts of the field, ate grass like the oxen, until seven times had passed over him, is evident from verses 32, 33, 34 of that chapter. That these things came upon him because of the love of self, and the pride of his own dominion, is clear from these words of his:
"Is not this great Babel that I have built for the house of the kingdom, by the might of my strength, and for the glory of mine honour?" (ver. 30).
And afterwards when he was restored:
"I Nebuchadnezzar, honouring the King of the heavens, all whose works are truth, and his ways judgment; and those who walk in pride, he is able to abase" (ver. 37).
By that state of Nebuchadnezzar is described the state of those, after death, who exalt themselves as gods over everything of the church; namely, that they are driven out from man, that they are no longer like men with respect to understanding; that they become beasts, and eat grass as oxen; and that their hairs grow like the eagles', and their nails like birds' claws; which signifies that they are utterly sensual; that instead of being intelligent they are foolish; and instead of being wise they are insane. To eat grass, to have hair like the eagles', and nails like birds' claws, signifies to become sensual.
[7] The successive states of the church, which at last became Babylon, are also described by the four beasts ascending out of the sea, in Daniel:
It was seen by him, that four beasts ascended out of the sea, "the first like a lion, but it had wings like an eagle, but the wings were plucked out, and it was lifted up from the earth and raised up on the feet as a man, and the heart of a man was given to it. Afterwards, another beast, a second, like to a bear, and it raised itself up on one side, and it had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth, and they said thus unto it, Arise, devour much flesh. After these, behold, another like a leopard, which had four wings like birds upon the back, and four heads; and dominion was given to it. Afterwards a fourth beast, terrible and formidable, and exceeding strong, which had great iron teeth; and devoured, and brake in pieces, and trampled on the residue with its feet" (7:3-7).
That by these beasts also are described the successive states of the church, from its first to its last, may be seen above (n. 23-25.
[8] That the church which has become Babylon will then be destroyed, and a new church be established, which will worship the Lord, is meant by these words:
"I looked and, behold, with the clouds of the heavens, one like the Son of man. To him was given dominion, glory, and a kingdom, that all peoples, nations, and tongues, might worship him. His dominion is the dominion of an age, which shall not pass away; and his kingdom that which shall not perish. And the kingdom and dominion, and the majesty of the kingdoms under all the heavens, shall be given to the people of the saints of the Most High, whose kingdom is the kingdom of an age; and all dominions shall worship him, and obey him" (vers. 13, 14, 27).
By the Son of man is meant the Lord as to the Divine Human, and as to the Word. That a church is to be established by Him, which will worship Him, is meant by dominion being given to Him, and glory and a kingdom, and His dominion being the dominion of an age which shall not pass away; and the church to be established by Him is meant by the kingdom given to the people of the saints. The reason why this will come to pass, when the church is made Babylon, that is, becomes so devastated that there is no longer any good nor any truth remaining in it, is because then is its end; thus, when there is no longer any church. This end is meant by the end of Babylon. Not that their idolatrous worship in the world is to be destroyed together with them. For this will continue; not, however, as the worship of any church, but as the worship of paganism. Therefore also after death these same persons come amongst the Pagans, and no longer among Christians. But from those who have not worshipped the Pope, nor the saints and graven images, but the Lord, a new church is formed by the Lord.
[9] The Babylonish idolatry is described in Daniel:
By the high statue which king Nebuchadnezzar set up, and concerning which an edict was published, that all should fall down and worship it; and that those who did not, should be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace (3:1-7).
The same is also described in the same prophet:
By the decree published by Darius the Mede, that no one should ask a petition from any god, or any man, but from the king; and that whosoever asked anything from god or man within thirty days, should be cast into a den of lions (Daniel 6:8-10).
By these things Babel or Babylon is described as to dominion over holy things, and as to the arrogating of Divine power. And their destruction is described by all those who persuaded Darius to make that statute being cast into the den of lions, and devoured.
[10] Babel is also described in Daniel:
By Belshazzar the king, his nobles, his wives, and his concubines, drinking wine out of the vessels of gold and silver, which Nebuchadnezzar his father brought from the temple of Jerusalem, and at the same time praising their gods of gold and silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone, when the writing upon the wall appeared to him; after which the king was slain that same night (5:1, to the end).
By these things was represented, and thence signified, the profanation of the holy things of the church by those who belong to Babylon, and who extend their dominion even to heaven; for it is said:
Thou exaltedst thyself above the Lord of the heavens, when they brought the vessels of his house before thee (ver. 23).
From these passages in Daniel it is evident, that by Babylon or Babel, in the Word, is meant the love of dominion over the world, and over heaven, and over the Lord Himself; and that the church of the Lord becomes successively Babylon; and that as it becomes Babylon, so it is devastated as to all the good of love and as to all the truth of faith; and that the end of it is, that it is no longer a church. And when it is no longer a church, it is reckoned among the idolatrous nations, with the exception of those who worship the Lord, account the Word holy, and admit instruction from it.
[11] Babel or Babylon is also described, in Isaiah:
"Jehovah will have compassion on Jacob, and again choose Israel, to set them in their land. It shall come to pass in the day that Jehovah shall give thee rest from thy sorrow, that thou shalt declare this parable concerning the king of Babel. How hath the exactor ceased, the lust of gold ceased. Jehovah hath broken the staff of the wicked, the rod of them that rule," whence "all the earth is at rest and is quiet; they break forth into singing; even the oaks shall rejoice on account of thee, the cedars of Lebanon, saying, Since thou art laid down no feller hath come upon us. Hell beneath is moved on account of thee, to meet thee in thy coming; it hath stirred up Rephaim on account of thee, all the mighty of the earth; it hath made to rise from their thrones all the kings of the nations; all they shall answer and say unto thee, Art thou also become weak like us? art thou become like to us? Thy magnificence is let down into hell, the tumult of thy psalteries; the worm is spread under thee, and the grubs over thee. How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning, thou art cut down to the earth, thou art weakened beneath the nations; and yet thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into the heavens, I will exalt my throne above the stars" of heaven, "and I will sit in the mount of the assembly, in the sides of the north, I will ascend above the heights of the cloud, I will become like unto the Most High; but yet thou art cast down to hell, to the sides of the pit. They that see thee consider thee. Is this the man that moveth the earth, that maketh the kingdoms tremble, that hath made the world into a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof? Thou art cast forth from thy sepulchre, as an abominable shoot, the raiment of the slain that are thrust through with the sword, who descend unto the stones of the pit, as a carcase trodden under foot. Thou shalt not be joined with them in the sepulchre, for thou hast destroyed thy land, thou hast slain thy people; the seed of the malicious shall not be named for ever. Prepare the slaughter for his sons, for the iniquity of their fathers, that they may not rise and possess the earth, and fill the faces of the earth with cities. I will arise against them, saith Jehovah Zebaoth, and I will cut off from Babel the name and the residue, and the son and the grandson. I will make thee a heritage for the bittern, and into lakes of waters, and I will sweep her with the besom of destruction. And I will break Asshur in my land, and upon my mountains will I tread him under foot" (14:1-25).
All these things are said of Babel, and not of any devil, who was created an angel of light, and who, having become rebellious, was cast into hell, and from his primeval state was called "Lucifer, son of the morning." That Babel is here described is plain from verses 4 and 22 of this chapter, where the king of Babel and Babel are mentioned, for it is said:
"Thou shalt declare this parable concerning the king of Babel";
and afterwards:
"I will cut off from Babel the name and the residue."
It must be observed that by a king, in the Word, is signified the same as by his kingdom. The reason why Babel is called Lucifer, the son of the morning, is that, as said above, Babel, in the beginning, is the church which is zealous for the Lord, for the good of love, and for the truths of faith; although inwardly, in the zeal of her pastors, there lies hidden a fire of ruling by means of the holy things of the church, over all those whom they can subdue to themselves. Hence it is that Babel is called "Lucifer, the son of the morning." For the same reason he is also called "King of kings," into whose hand are given all things.
And also is called the head of the statue which was gold (Dan. 2:37, 38).
Then also, "The tree in the midst of the earth, great in height" (Dan. 4:7, 19).
[12] Babel in its beginning is also meant by
"The lion which had the wings of an eagle, and which afterwards appeared as a man, and a man's heart was given unto it" (Dan. 7:4).
And is called, "The ornament of the kingdoms and the glory of the magnificence of the Chaldeans" (Isaiah 13:19).
It is also mentioned amongst, "Those that know Jehovah" (Psalms 87:4).
Now because by Babel, in its beginning, is signified such a church, therefore the king of Babel is here called "Lucifer, the son of the morning;" Lucifer from the light of truth then, and son of the morning (aurora), from the first beginning of the light or of day. For the morning is the church in its beginning. But still, in that chapter, is described this church as to its state in the end, when Babylon is become a whore; which is its state, when there is no longer any good of love, or any truth of faith remaining. This its state is what is meant by the destruction and damnation thereof to hell. Their destruction spoken of in the Word is no other than that, after death, those are cast down into hell who have arrogated to themselves Divine power, and have exercised it; and for that purpose have kept the people of the earth in dense darkness or blindness, and in idolatrous worship, especially those who have led men away from the worship of the Lord.
[13] Because these are the things described in that chapter, the passages which have been quoted shall be briefly explained:- Jehovah shall have compassion upon Jacob, and shall again choose Israel, to set him in their land, signifies a new church to be established by the Lord after the end of Babylon. In that day thou shalt declare this parable concerning the king of Babel, and shalt say, How hath the exactor ceased, the lust of gold ceased, signifies liberation from the spiritual captivity and servitude, in which those were who were under the dominion of that [church]. Jehovah hath broken the staff of the wicked, the rod of them that rule, signifies that they have no longer any power by means of truths from good, because they are in mere falsities from evil. Such is their impotence in the spiritual world. All the earth is at rest, they break forth into singing, even the oaks shall rejoice on account of thee, the cedars of Lebanon, saying, Since thou art laid down no feller hath come upon us, signifies that those who are in the knowledges of good and truth will no longer be infested by them. The land is a new church, which will be at rest from them. The oaks and the cedars of Lebanon are the knowledges of good and truth in the external and internal senses; the feller not coming upon them denotes no more infestation. Hell beneath is moved on account of thee, to meet thee in thy coming; it hath stirred up Rephaim on account of thee, all the mighty of the earth; it hath made to rise from their thrones all the kings of the nations, signifies the delight of revenge of those who are in hell. All they shall answer and say, Art thou become weak like us? art thou become like unto us? And thy magnificence cast down into hell, the tumult of thy psalteries, signifies that the delight is from the consideration, that it is become like to them, and in like manner in the falsities of evil. How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning, thou art cut down to the earth, thou art weakened beneath the nations, signifies scorning because it is such, although in the beginning it was in heaven, because in the good of love and in the truths of faith. These things are said by those who are in hell, because nothing is more delightful to those who are there than to draw any one down from heaven, and to destroy by the falsities of evil. But yet thou hast said in thine heart, I will exalt my throne above the stars of heaven, and I will sit in the mount of the assembly, in the sides of the north, I will ascend above the heights of the cloud, I will become like to the Most High. These are also words of scorning upon the pride of their dominion, that still they reach to heaven, and arrogate to themselves Divine power, and thereby subject all things of heaven and all things of the church to their own will, in order that they may be worshipped and adored as gods. The mount of the assembly at the sides of the north, denotes where there is ascent into the heavens. Above the stars and above the heights of the cloud, denotes over Divine truth, stars denoting the knowledges of good and truth, and the heights of the cloud the interior truths of the Word. But notwithstanding thou art cast down to hell, to the sides of the pit, those who see thee consider thee. Is this the man that moveth the earth, that maketh the kingdoms tremble, hath made the world into a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof? is a continuation of the scorning of those who are in hell, and also of the glorying thence that it is cast down from heaven. The sides of the pit are the places in hell where are mere falsities of evil. By the earth, the kingdoms, and the world, is signified the church; and by cities are signified doctrinals. Thou art cast forth from thy sepulchre as an abominable shoot, the raiment of the slain, thrust through with the sword, who descend to the stones of the pit, as a carcase trodden under foot, signifies the state of their damnation. The garment of them that are slain, thrust through with the sword, and the carcase trodden under foot, signify the damnation of the profanation of truth. Thou shalt not be joined with them in the sepulchre, for thou hast destroyed thy land, thou hast slain thy people; the seed of the malicious shall not be named for ever, signifies more grievous damnation than of the rest, on account of having extinguished all things of the church. Prepare the slaughter for his sons for the iniquity of their fathers, that they may not arise and possess the earth, and fill the faces of the earth with cities, signifies the destruction of them for ever. I will cut off from Babel the name and the residue, and the son and the grandson, signifies total destruction, because they have no longer any thing of good or of truth. I will make thee a heritage for the bittern, and pools of waters, and I will sweep her with the besom of destruction, signifies the infernal falsity by the destruction of truth. I will break Asshur in my land, and upon my mountains will I tread him under foot, signifies that in the New Church there shall not be any reasonings from falsities against truths and goods. The things in this chapter may be seen more particularly explained in other parts of this work, as (n. 208, 223, 304, 331, 386, 405, 539, 589, 594, 608, 659, 687, 697, 724, 727, 730, 741, 768, 811.
[14] Again:
"So shall Babel be the ornament of kingdoms and the glory of the magnificence of the Chaldeans; as the overthrow of God, Sodom and Gomorrah, it shall not be inhabited for ever; it shall not be dwelt in even to generation and generation; so that the Arab shall not tarry there, nor the shepherds cause to lie down. But the Ziim shall be there, and their houses shall be filled with Ochim, and the daughters of the owl shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there; the Iim also shall answer in her palaces, and the dragons in the palaces of their delights; her time is near to come, and her day shall not be drawn out" (Isaiah 13:19-22).
The subject treated of in the whole of that chapter is the total devastation of all things of the good, and of all things of the truth of the church, with those who are of Babylon. By so shall Babel be, in the literal sense, is meant the great city called Babel; but, in the spiritual sense, is meant the church which became Babylon. Babel is called the ornament of the kingdoms, and the glory of the magnificence of the Chaldeans, from the wisdom of that church in its beginning, as said before; but, in general, by Babel or Babylon is meant the church in which all the goods of love are destroyed and at last profaned; and by Chaldea, the church in which all the truths of faith are destroyed and at last profaned. Hence it is that it is called the overthrow of God, Sodom and Gomorrah; Sodom also signifying the destruction of all good by the love of self, and Gomorrah the destruction of all the truth therefrom. It shall not be inhabited for ever; it shall not be dwelt in even to generation and generation, signifies the destruction thereof to eternity; not to be inhabited for ever having respect to the destruction of good, and not to be dwelt in to generation and generation, having respect to the destruction of truth. For those who destroy good and truth, and afterwards in place of them embrace evil and falsity, cannot be reformed. It is otherwise with those who are in evils and falsities, but have not destroyed good and truth, as is the case with the Gentiles who are ignorant of good and truth. The Arab shall not tarry there, and the shepherds shall not cause to lie down, signifies that the church will become such a wilderness, the Arab denoting those who live in a wilderness, but do not continue there, because there is no corn or fruit, as is the case also with the flock of the shepherds, when there is no pasture. The Iim shall lie down there, and the houses shall be filled with Ochim, signifies infernal falsities and the evils pertaining to them, the Iim denoting infernal falsities, and the Ochim infernal evils; and the house is the mind of those who are of such a quality. The daughters of the owl shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there, signifies that falsified truths and adulterated goods are there. Falsified truths are the daughters of the owl, and adulterated goods are the satyrs; and to dance denotes the joy from the filthy love which has adulterated the good of love. The Iim, shall answer in her palaces, and the dragons in the palaces of her delights, signifies those adulterations and falsifications in their doctrines.
[15] Babel is similarly described in other passages in the prophets. As in Jeremiah:
"O sword against Babel, O sword against her treasures, that they may be spoiled; a drought upon her waters, that they may be dried up, because it is a land of graven images, and they glory concerning horrible things; therefore the Ziim with the Iim shall dwell there, and the daughters of the owl shall dwell therein; she shall not sit any more for ever, nor shall she inhabit even to generation and generation; according to the overthrow of God, Sodom and Gomorrah, and the neighbouring cities thereof, a man shall not dwell there, neither shall the son of man abide therein" (50:35, 37-40).
In the same:
"Flee out of the midst of Babel, and deliver a man his soul, lest ye be cut off for the iniquity thereof; a cup of gold is Babel in the hand of Jehovah, making drunken the whole earth. The nations have drunk of her wine, therefore they are insane. Babel hath fallen suddenly, and is broken in pieces. Behold I am against thee, destroying mountain, saith Jehovah, that destroyest the whole earth. And I will stretch out my hand against thee, and will roll thee down from the rocks, and I will make thee for a mountain of combustion. Neither shall they take from thee a stone for a corner. Babel shall become heaps, a dwelling of dragons, a stupor and hissing, no inhabitant" (51:6, 7, 8, 25, 26, 37).
In Isaiah:
"Hear now," Babel, "sitting securely, saying in her heart, I am, and there is no one else besides me. I shall not sit a widow, neither shall I know bereaving. But these two things shall come to thee in a moment, in one day, bereaving and widowhood. They shall come full upon thee, for the multitude of thy sorceries, and for the great abundance of thine enchantments. For thou hast trusted in thy wickedness, not seeing me. Thy wisdom and thy science hath seduced thee, while thou hast said in thine heart, I am, and there is none besides me. Therefore evil shall come upon thee, which thou knowest not to deprecate, and calamity shall fall upon thee, which thou shalt not be able to expiate; and there shall come upon thee suddenly a devastation that thou shalt not know" (47:8-11).
Thus is described the destruction of Babel not only there, but also in the whole of chapter 47 of Isaiah, also in the whole of chapters 50 and 51 of Jeremiah; also in Isaiah 21:8, 9, and in David (Psalms 136:1, 8, 9).
The adulteration of good and falsification of truth by the Jews is also described by their whoredoms in Egypt, and afterwards with the daughters of Asshur; and lastly with the daughters of Babel and the Chaldeans (Ezekiel 19:1, to the end; 23:1, to the end). And by whoredoms in Egypt is meant the falsification of truth from the natural man, which is effected by fallacies, appearances, and scientifics. By their whoredom with the daughters of Asshur is signified the falsification of truth from the rational man, which is effected by reasonings and sophistries from fallacies, appearances, and scientifics. By their whoredom with the daughters of Babel and with the Chaldeans is signified the adulteration of good and profanation of truth.
[16] When, therefore, the sons of Israel altogether departed from the statutes, that were representative of the spiritual things of the church by which they had communication with heaven, then they were all given into the hands of the king of Assyria. For there was no longer any representative church with them, and, consequently, no communication with heaven. Concerning their prevarications, and concerning their transportation by the king of Assyria into his cities, and also into Babel, see 2 Kings 17:1, to the end.
It came to pass similarly with the Jews, who, when they had so adulterated and profaned all the statutes, judgments, and laws, which represented the good of love and the truth of faith, that there was no longer anything of good and truth remaining, and when their church, consequently, became Babylon, then into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babel were given not only their kings and princes, and the whole people, but also all the treasures of the house of Jehovah, and afterwards all the golden vessels thereof; and, moreover, the temple itself was burned.
Concerning which see 2 Kings 24:1-20; 25:1-26; also Isaiah 20:17, 18; 39:6, 7; Jeremiah 20:4, 5; 21:4-10; 25:1-12; 27:6-22; 28:1-16; 29:1-21; 32:1-5; 34:1-17, 18-22; 35:11; 38:17-23; 39:2-18; 41:1-12; 52:1, to the end.
Their transgressions were:
That they filled Jerusalem with innocent blood (2 Kings 24:4);
That they burned incense to Baal; made drink offerings to other gods; set up abominations in the house of Jehovah; built high places to Baal in the valley of Hinnom; delivered up their sons and daughters to Molech (Jeremiah 32:29-35);
by all of which is signified the profanation of the holy things of the church, the same kind of profanation that is also signified by Babel. Therefore, lest the land, by which the church was signified, should any longer be profaned by them, and also that Babel might thence fully put on its representation, it was said to them by Jeremiah that they should freely give themselves into the hands of the king of Babel; and that if they did not so give themselves up, but remained in the land, they should die by the sword, by famine and by pestilence (Jeremiah 25:1-11).
[17] But because the Lord should be born in that nation, and manifest Himself where the church then was, and where His Word was, therefore that nation, after a captivity of seventy years, was brought back from Babel, and the temple rebuilt. But still no other church remained with them, except that which was like the church Babylon, as is evident from many things which the Lord Himself said concerning that nation, and by the manner in which they received Him. Therefore Jerusalem was at last destroyed, and the temple burnt with fire.
[18] It must be observed in general, that every church at its beginning is like a virgin, but in process of time it becomes a whore. For by degrees it enters into the life of evil, and thence embraces the doctrine of falsity, as it gradually begins to love self and the world; and then from being a church it becomes either Babylon or Philistea, Babylon with those who love themselves above all things, and Philistea with those who love the world above all things. For as these two loves increase, so, the men of the church adulterate and falsify the goods and truths of the Word, which is from being a virgin to become a harlot.
That the first church after the Deluge would also have become Babylon, unless the Lord, by the dispersal of their religion, had impeded the attempt, is represented and signified by the tower reaching even to heaven, which the posterity of Noah began to build, treated of in Genesis (Arcana Coelestia 1283-1328).
After having thus shown from the Word what is signified in general and specifically by Babel or Babylon, we are now prepared to pass on to the explanation of those things that are foretold in this and the following chapter concerning its destruction.
1029. APOCALYPSE. CHAPTER 17.
1. And there came one of the seven angels that had the seven vials and spoke with me, saying unto me, Come, I will show thee the judgment of the great harlot that sitteth upon many waters;
2. With whom the kings of the earth committed whoredom, and they that dwell on the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her whoredom.
3. And he carried me away in the spirit into a wilderness; and I saw a woman sitting upon a scarlet beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns.
4. And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet, and inwrought with gold and precious stone and pearls, having in her hand a golden cup full of abominations and the uncleanness of her whoredom.
5. And upon her forehead a name written, Mystery, Babylon the great, the mother of the whoredoms and of the abominations of the earth.
6. And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the witnesses of Jesus; and when I saw her I wondered with great wonder.
7. And the angel said unto me, Wherefore dost thou wonder? I will tell thee the mystery of the woman, and of the beast that carrieth her, which hath the seven heads and the ten horns.
8. The beast that thou sawest was and is not, and is about to come up out of the abyss, and to go into perdition; and they that dwell on the earth shall wonder, whose names have not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, seeing the beast that was and is not, and yet is.
9. This is the mind that hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, where the woman sitteth upon them.
10. And they are seven kings; the five have fallen, and the one is, the other is not yet come; and when he is come he must remain a short time.
11. And the beast which was and is not is himself the eighth, and is of the seven, and he goeth into perdition.
12. And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom; but they receive authority as kings one hour with the beast.
13. These have one mind, and shall give over their power and authority unto the beast.
14. These shall fight with the Lamb; but the Lamb shall overcome them, for He is Lord of lords, and King of kings; also those who are with Him are called, chosen, and faithful.
15. And he saith unto me, The waters which thou sawest, where the harlot sitteth, are peoples and multitudes and nations and tongues.
16. And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, these shall hate the harlot and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and shall burn her up with fire.
17. For God gave into their hearts to do His mind, and to do one mind, and to give their kingdom unto the beast, until the words of God shall be consummated.
18. And the woman whom thou sawest is the great city, which hath a kingdom over the kings of the earth.
EXPLANATIOn.
As this chapter and the following treat of Babylon, before these chapters are explained, what is meant by Babylon in general and in particular shall be told; also what it is in the beginning, and what it becomes afterwards by degrees. "Babylon" (or Babel) means the church consisting of those who by means of the holy things of the church strive to gain dominion over the whole world, and this by dominion over the souls of men, claiming to themselves authority to save whomsoever they will; and these finally seek dominion over heaven and hell and make it their own. And to this end they draw and transfer to themselves all the Lord's authority, as if it had been given them by Him. The church consisting of such is very different in the beginning from what it becomes in process of time. In the beginning they are as it were in zeal for the Lord, for the Word, for love and faith, and especially for the salvation of men. But in that zeal the fire of domineering lies hidden; and in process of time as dominion increases this breaks forth; and so far as it comes into act the holy things of the church become the means, and dominion itself the end; and when dominion becomes the end the holy things of the church are applied to that end, and thus to themselves; and then they not only ascribe the salvation of souls to their own authority, but they also appropriate to themselves all the Lord's Divine power. And when they do this they pervert every good and every truth of the church, and thus profane the holy things of the church. These things are "Babylon. "
[2] That this is so has been shown me to the life. In the spiritual world there were those who strove to gain such dominion; and as they knew that the Lord alone has all power, they put on a seeming zeal for Him and for heaven and for the church, and they labored with all their might to worship the Lord alone, and to observe in a holy way all things of the Word; and they arranged to have sanctity and integrity prevail in all. But it was granted to know that in such zeal an ardent desire of domineering over all others lay hidden, believing that the things they arranged would be acceptable to the Lord. For just as soon as they began to gain dominion, their end was gradually disclosed, which was that they and not the Lord should rule, and thus that the Lord should serve them and not they the Lord; and they were indignant if they were not permitted, like gods, to dispose everything at their will; and it was perceived also that they thought lightly of the Lord, and even rejected Him if He did not grant them authority to do all things as they pleased, and unless He assented to every decision of theirs. It was also perceived that if they dared, they would, under some pretext, transfer His Divine authority to themselves; but they were afraid of being for this reason cast down into hell. By this it was shown how Babylon begins and how it ends. The conclusion to be drawn from this was that when dominion becomes the end, and the holy things of the church become the means, the worship of God is turned, under various pretexts, into the worship of men; so that they themselves are actually gods, and the Lord is not actually God, but is so called for the sake of form.
[3] Now because dominion by means of the holy things of the church over the souls of men, over heaven, and over the Lord Himself, is inwardly profane, it follows that it is infernal; for the devils who are in hell desire nothing so much as to have dominion over heaven, and over the Lord Himself; and this they attempt to do under various pretexts, but as soon as they attempt it they are swallowed up by hell. And since those who in the world cast the Lord down from the seat of His kingdom and place themselves upon it, are in heart like devils, it is evident that a church made up of such must in process of time be devastated as to all its good and all its truth; and this is its end. That such are devils is evident from the same in the spiritual world. Those who have exercised the Lord's Divine authority in the world talk about the Lord after death in a most holy manner, and worship Him with all external devotion. But when their interiors are looked into (for in the spiritual world these can be uncovered and looked into) they are seen to be profane, because they are godless and full of diabolical craft; and from this it becomes clear that their holy externals had served them as means to an end, which was dominion. At one time the question arose among spirits whether any devil in hell could do the like; one of the worst was therefore summoned, and was told that he would receive dominion over many if he would worship the Lord with sanctity and acknowledge His Divine to be equal to the Divine of the Father, and at the same time would observe all things of worship. When he heard of dominion over many he immediately disposed his interiors to craft and his exteriors to holiness, and worshiped the Lord in a more holy manner than many angels, burning with anger against all who would not adore Him. But as soon as he observed that dominion was not given to him, he burned with anger against the Lord Himself, and denied both His Divine and the Divine of the Father, and even cast reproaches upon both; for he was an atheist.
[4] That such is Babylon at this day is clearly evident from the fact that under the pretext of the keys having been given to Peter, they have transferred to themselves all the Divine authority of the Lord, that they have shut up Divine truth from the people by taking away the Word, and that they have ascribed to the decrees of the Pope a holiness equal and even superior to the holiness of the Word; also that they teach little, if at all, the fear and worship of God, but only a fear and worship of themselves, and also a worship of the saints for the sake of themselves. All this makes clear that Babylon in its end is a church empty and void of all the good of love to God, and of all the good of love towards the neighbor, and consequently of all truth. It is therefore no longer a church but an idolatry, and as such it differs but little from the heathenisms of the ancients, who worshiped Baal, Ashtaroth, Beelzebub, and others, and yet had temples, appointed feasts, altars, sacrifices, incense, libations and other things like those of the Jewish Church. These things have been said about Babylon in its beginning and at its end, to make known why in the Word Babylon is sometimes extolled even to heaven, and sometimes cast down even to hell.
[5] That Babylon is such can be seen fully from the descriptions and representations of it in the Prophets, and especially in Daniel. First, from the statue of king Nebuchadnezzar, in Daniel:
There appeared to king Nebuchadnezzar in a dream, a statue standing opposite the king; its head was of good gold, its breast and arms of silver, its belly and thighs of brass, its legs of iron, and its feet part of iron and part of clay. Afterwards a stone was cut out, not by hands, which smote the statue upon its feet, which were of iron and clay, and brake them in pieces; and then the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, were broken in pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshing-floor; so that the wind carried them away, and no place was found for them. But the stone that smote the statue became a great rock (Daniel 2:31-35).
From the interpretation of this dream by Daniel, it is clear that it describes the state of the church that becomes Babylon, from its beginning to its end. It is Babylon that is described, for these things were seen by the king of Babylon in a dream, and he saw a statue opposite to him; also Daniel said plainly to the king:
Thou art its head which is gold (Daniel 2:38).
The successive states of this church even to the last are depicted by the head, breast, arms, belly, thighs, legs, and feet of that statue; likewise by the gold, silver, brass, iron and clay, of which the statue consisted from top to bottom. All this makes clear that this church in its beginning was full of wisdom from the good of love to the Lord. For its "head," which is the highest part, signifies wisdom, and "gold" signifies the good of love to the Lord. That the toes of its feet were "part of iron and part of clay" signifies that the last state of that church would be without any good of love and without any wisdom; for this is thus interpreted by Daniel:
Whereas thou sawest iron mixed with miry clay, they shall mingle themselves with the seed of man; but they shall not cohere one with the other, even as iron doth not mingle with clay (Daniel 2:43).
"The seed of man" signifies the Divine truth, thus the truth of the Word; and by this no coherence is effected, because at the end of the church it is falsified by application to the worship of men. The destruction of this church is described by "the stone brake in pieces all parts of the statue." "Stone" signifies the Divine truth; and the "rock" which the stone became signifies the Lord as to the Divine truth. Its destruction is the Last Judgment. The New Church that will then be established by the Lord is described by these words:
The God of the heavens shall make a kingdom to arise which shall not perish for ages, and His kingdom shall not be committed to another people. It shall break in pieces and consume all those kingdoms, but itself shall stand for ages (Daniel 2:44).
Here and elsewhere in the Word "kingdom" signifies the church; so, too, does a "man," in the form of which the statue was.
[6] The church that afterwards became Babylon is also described by the "tree" seen by King Nebuchadnezzar in a dream, in Daniel:
I was looking, when behold a tree in the midst of the earth, and the height thereof was great; the tree grew and became strong, and the height thereof reached even unto heaven, and the sight thereof even unto the end of all the earth; the leaf thereof was beautiful, and the flower thereof much; the beast of the field had shadow under it, and the birds of heaven dwelt in the branches of it, and all flesh was nourished by it. But behold, a watcher and an holy one came down from heaven, crying with all might, saying thus, Hew down the tree and cut off his branches, and scatter his flower, let the beast flee from under him, and the birds from his branches; but leave the stump of his root in the earth, even with a band of iron and brass, in the herb of the field, and let him be wet with the dew of the heavens, and let his portion be with the beast in the grass of the earth; they shall change his heart from man's, and the heart of a beast shall be given to him, until seven times shall pass over him, until the living shall know that the Lord is the Most High in the kingdom of man (Daniel 4:10-17).
That King Nebuchadnezzar, consequently Babylon itself, is meant by that tree and all things of it, is plainly declared in verses 20-22; and that the things that were heard happened to the king, namely, that he was driven out from man, dwelt with the beast of the field, ate the herb like oxen, until seven times had passed over him, is evident from verses 32-34, of the same chapter. That these things came upon him because of the love of self and the pride of his own dominion is evident from these words of his:
Is not this great Babylon, which I have built for the house of the kingdom, by the might of my power and for the glory of mine honor? (Daniel 4:30.)
And afterwards when he was restored:
I, Nebuchadnezzar, honor the King of the heavens, all whose works are truth, and His ways judgment; and those that walk in pride He is able to humble (Daniel 4:37).
This state of Nebuchadnezzar depicts the state of those after death who exalt themselves as gods over all things of the church, namely, "they are driven out from man," which means that as to the understanding they are no longer like men; "they become beasts and eat grass like oxen," and "their hairs grow like eagles' feathers and their nails like birds' claws" signifies that they are wholly sensual, that in place of intelligence they have foolishness and in place of wisdom insanity; "to eat grass, to have hair like eagles' feathers, and nails like birds' claws" signifies to become sensual.
[7] The successive states of the church which at length became Babylon are described also by "the four beasts coming up out of the sea," in Daniel:
There appeared to him four beasts coming up out of the sea, the first was like a lion, but it had eagle's wings, but the wings were plucked out, and it was lifted up from the earth and raised up on the feet as a man, and a man's heart was given to it. Afterwards another beast, a second, like a bear, and it raised itself up on one side, and it had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth; and they said thus unto it, Arise, devour much flesh. After this, behold another like a leopard, which had upon its back four wings like those of birds, and four heads; and dominion was given to it. Afterwards a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible and exceedingly strong and it had great teeth of iron, it devoured and brake in pieces, and trampled the residue with its feet (316, 556, 650, 780, 781). That in the first state they were in truths, and thus in intelligence, is signified by "the lion that had an eagle's wings," and that afterwards appeared "like a man, and a man's heart was given to it." That in the last state they are in falsities from evil of every kind is signified by "the fourth beast, that was dreadful, that devoured and brake in pieces, and trampled the residue with its feet." Of this beast other things are said in verses 23-25.
[8] That the church that has become Babylon will then be destroyed, and a New Church established that will worship the Lord, is meant by these words:
I was seeing, and behold with the clouds of the heavens One like the Son of man. And there was given Him dominion and glory and a kingdom, that all peoples, nations, and tongues might worship Him. His dominion is the dominion of an age, which shall not pass away; and His kingdom that which shall not perish. And the kingdom and the dominion and the majesty of kingdoms under all the heavens shall be given to the people of the saints of the Most High, whose kingdom is the kingdom of an age; and all dominions shall worship Him and obey (Daniel 7:13-14, 27).
"The Son of man" means the Lord as to the Divine Human and as to the Word. That a church is to be established by Him that will worship Him is meant by the words, "there was given Him dominion and glory and a kingdom, and His dominion is the dominion of an age, which shall not pass away"; and the church that is to be established by Him is meant by "the kingdom given to the people of the saints." This would come to pass when the church had become Babylon, that is, so devastated that there is no longer any good or truth remaining in it, because then is its end, that is, there is then no longer a church. This end is meant by the end of Babylon. Not that the idolatrous worship of such in the world will be destroyed and themselves with it, for this will remain, but not as the worship of any church, but as the worship of paganism; consequently such after death will come among pagans, and be no longer among Christians. But from those who have adored the Lord, and not the Pope or saints or graven images, a New Church will be gathered up by the Lord.
[9] The Babylonish idolatry is described in Daniel:
By the high statue which king Nebuchadnezzar set up and which he decreed all should fall down to and adore; and those who did not should be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace (Daniel 3:1-7).
This idolatry is described also in the same:
By the statute that Darius the Mede decreed, that no one should ask any petition from any god or from any man, but from the king; and that whosoever should ask anything from god or from man within thirty days, should be cast into a den of lions (Daniel 6:7-9).
By this "Babel" or "Babylon" is depicted as to dominion over holy things, and the assumption of Divine authority; and the destruction of such is described by all who persuaded Darius to make that statute being cast into the den of lions and devoured.
[10] Babylon is described also in Daniel:
By Belshazzar the king, his nobles, his wives, and his concubines, drank wine out of the vessels of gold and silver that Nebuchadnezzar his father had brought from the temple of Jerusalem, and at the same time they praised the gods of gold and silver, of brass, iron, wood, and stone, and then the writing on the wall appeared to him; after which the king was slain that same night (Daniel 5).
This represented and thus signified the profanation of the holy things of the church by those who are of Babylon, and who extend their dominion even unto heaven; for it is said:
Thou hast exalted thyself above the Lord of the heavens, when they brought the vessels of His house before thee (Daniel 5:23).
From these passages in Daniel it can be seen that "Babylon" or "Babel" means in the Word the love of dominion over the entire globe, likewise over heaven and over the Lord Himself, and that the church of the Lord successively becomes Babylon, and that as it becomes Babylon so it is devastated as to all the good of love and all the truth of faith; and that this is its end, that is, it is no longer a church; and when it is no longer a church it is reckoned among the idolatrous nations, except those in it who worship the Lord, regard the Word as holy, and admit instruction from it.
[11] "Babel" or "Babylon" is described also in Isaiah:
Jehovah will have compassion on Jacob, and will again choose Israel, that He may set them in their own land. It shall come to pass in the day that Jehovah shall give thee rest from thy sorrow that thou shalt declare this parable concerning the king of Babylon. How hath the exactor ceased, the lust of gold ceased. Jehovah hath broken the staff of the wicked, the rod of the rulers, therefore the whole earth is at rest and is quiet; they have broken forth into singing. Even the oaks rejoice on account of thee, the cedars of Lebanon, saying, Since thou art laid down no woodcutter hath come upon us. Hell beneath is moved for thee, to meet thee at thy coming; it hath stirred up Rephaim for thee, all the mighty of the earth; it hath raised up from their thrones all the kings of the nations. All they shall answer and say unto thee, Art thou also become weak as we? Art thou become like unto us? Thy magnificence is brought down into hell, the noise of thy psalteries; the worm is spread under thee, and the little worms cover thee. How hast thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the dawn. Thou hast been cut down to the earth, thou hast been weakened below the nations. And thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into the heavens, I will exalt my throne above the stars of heaven, and I will sit on the mount of assembly, on the sides of the north, I will ascend above the heights of the cloud, I will become like the Most High. Yet in truth thou hast been brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit. They that see thee consider thee. Is this the man that moveth the earth, that maketh kingdoms to tremble, that hath made the world a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof? Thou hast been cast out of thy sepulcher, like an abominable shoot, a garment of those that are slain, thrust through with the sword, that go down to the stones of the pit, like a carcass trodden under foot. Thou shalt not be joined with them in the sepulcher, for thou hast destroyed thy land, thou hast slain thy people; the seed of the wicked shall not be named forever. Prepare slaughter for his sons for the iniquity of their fathers, that they rise not up and possess the land, and fill the faces of the land with cities. For I will rise up against them, saith Jehovah of Hosts, and I will cut off from Babylon name and remnant, and son and son's son. I will make thee 1a heritage for the bittern and pools of waters, and I will sweep her with the besom of destruction. And I will break the Assyrian in my land, and upon my mountains will I trample him (Isaiah 14:1-25).
All this is said of Babylon, and not of any devil who was created an angel of light, and became a rebel and was cast into hell, and from his first state was called "Lucifer, son of the dawn." That Babylon is here described is evident from the fourth and twenty-second verses of this chapter, where the king of Babylon and Babylon are mentioned, for it is said, "Thou shalt declare this parable concerning the king of Babylon," and afterwards, "I will cut off from Babylon name and remnant." It is to be known that a king has a like signification in the Word as his kingdom. Babylon is called "Lucifer, son of the dawn," because, as has been said above, Babylon in the beginning is the church that is in zeal for the Lord, for the good of love, and for the truths of faith, although inwardly in the zeal of its pastors lies hidden the fire of dominating by means of the holy things of the church over all whom they can subdue to themselves. This is why Babylon is called "Lucifer, son of the dawn." For the same reason it is called:
King of kings, into whose hand all things are given (Daniel 2:37);
and also:
The head of the statue which was gold (Daniel 2:38);
likewise:
A tree in the midst of the earth, great in height (Daniel 4:10, 22).
[12] Again, Babylon in its beginning is meant by:
The lion that had the wings of an eagle, and afterwards appeared like a man, and a man's heart was given to it (Daniel 7:4);
and is called:
The ornament of the kingdoms and the glory of the magnificence of the Chaldeans (Isaiah 13:19);
and is mentioned among:
Those that know Jehovah (Psalms 87:4).
Now as Babylon in its beginning signifies such a church, the king of Babylon is here called "Lucifer, son of the dawn," "Lucifer" because of the light of truth at that time, and "son of the dawn" because of the beginning of light or of day, for "dawn" means the church in its beginning. But this chapter describes this church as to its state even to the end, when it has become "Babylon the harlot," which is its state when there is no longer any good of love nor any truth of faith left. This state of it is what is meant by its destruction and condemnation to hell. Their destruction in the world means nothing else than that after death hell is for those who have arrogated to themselves the Divine authority, and have exercised it, and to that end have held the peoples of the earth in dense thick darkness or blindness, and in idolatrous worship; especially those who have led men away from the worship of the Lord.
[13] As these are the things described in this chapter I will explain briefly the passages quoted from it. "Jehovah will have compassion on Jacob, and will again choose Israel, that He may set him upon their own land," signifies a new church to be established by the Lord after the end of Babylon. "In that day thou shalt declare this parable concerning the king of Babylon, and say, How hath the exactor ceased, the lust for gold ceased," signifies deliverance from the spiritual captivity and servitude in which those were who were under its dominion. "Jehovah hath broken the staff of the wicked, the rod of those having dominion," signifies that they no longer have any power by means of truths from good, because they are in mere falsities from evil; such is their impotence in the spiritual world. "The whole earth is quiet; they have broken forth into singing, even the oaks rejoice on account of thee, the cedars of Lebanon, saying, Since thou art laid down no woodcutter hath come upon us," signifies that those who are in the knowledges of good and truth will no longer be infested by such, "earth" meaning a new church that will be at rest from them, "oaks" and "cedars of Lebanon" meaning the knowledges of good and truth in the external and the internal sense, "the woodcutter not coming upon them" meaning no more infestation. "Hell beneath is moved for thee to meet thee at thy coming; it has stirred up Rephaim for thee, all the mighty of the earth; it hath raised up from their thrones all the kings of the nations," signifies the delight of revenge of those who are in hell. "All shall answer and say, Art thou also become weak as we? Art thou become like unto us? Thy magnificence is brought down into hell, the noise of thy psalteries," signifies such delight on this account that the church has become like them, and is likewise in the falsities of evil. "How hast thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning, thou hast been cut down to the earth, thou hast been weakened below the nations," signifies derision because of its having become such, although in the beginning it was in heaven, because in the good of love and in the truths of faith. This was said by those who are in hell, because to those in hell nothing is more delightful than to be able to draw one down from heaven and destroy him by falsities of evil. "And thou hast said in thine heart, I will exalt my throne above the stars of heaven, and I will sit on the mount of assembly, on the sides of the north, I will ascend above the heights of the cloud, I will become like the Most High," are also words of derision respecting their pride of dominion, that they spread out even to heaven, and arrogate to themselves the Divine authority, and thus subject all things of heaven and all things of the church to their will, to the end that they may be worshiped and adored as gods, "the mount of assembly on the sides of the north" being where there is ascent into the heavens, "over the stars and over the heights of the cloud" being over the Divine truth, "stars" being the knowledges of good and truth, and "heights of the cloud" the interior truths of the Word. "Yet in truth thou hast been brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit; they that see thee consider thee. Is this the man that moveth the earth, that maketh kingdoms to tremble, that hath made the world a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof?" is a continuation of the derision of those who are in hell, and also of their glorying that the church has been cast down from heaven, "the sides of the pit" being places in hell where there are mere falsities of evil, "the earth, the kingdoms, and the world," signifying the church, and "cities" doctrinals. "Thou hast been cast out of thy sepulcher like an abominable shoot, a garment of those that are slain, thrust through with the sword, that go down to the stones of the pit, like a carcass trodden under foot," signifies the state of their damnation, "a garment of those that are slain, thrust through with the sword, and a carcass trodden under foot," signifying the condemnation of the profanation of truth. "Thou shalt not be joined with them in the sepulcher, for thou hast destroyed thy land, thou hast slain thy people; the seed of the wicked shall not be named forever," signifies more grievous condemnation than that of the rest, because all things of the church have been extinguished. "Prepare slaughter for his sons for the iniquity of their fathers, that they rise not up and possess the land, and fill the faces of the land with cities," signifies their eternal destruction. "I will cut off from Babylon name and remnant, and son and son's son," signifies total destruction, because they have no longer anything of good or of truth. "I will make thee 1a heritage for the bittern, and pools of waters, and I will sweep her with the besom of destruction," signifies infernal falsity through destruction of truth. "I will break the Assyrian in my land, and upon my mountains will I trample him," signifies that in the New Church there shall spring up no reasonings from falsities against truths and goods. Furthermore, the things in this chapter may be seen more particularly explained in other parts of this work (as n. 208, 223, 304, 331, 386, 405, 539, 589, 594, 608, 659, 687, 697, 724, 727, 730, 741, 768, 811).
[14] In the same:
So shall Babylon, the ornament of kingdoms and the adornment of the magnificence of the Chaldeans, be as God's overthrowing Sodom and Gomorrah; it shall not be inhabited forever; it shall not be dwelt in even from generation to generation; that the Arabian may not abide there, and the shepherds shall not make to lie down; but the ziim shall lie down there, and their houses shall be full of ochim, and the daughters of the owl shall dwell there, and the satyrs shall dance there. And the ijim shall answer in her palaces and dragons in her palaces of delights. Her time is near to come, and her day shall not be prolonged (Isaiah 13:19-22).
This entire chapter treats of the total devastation of all things of good and all things of truth of the church, with those who are of Babylon. "So shall Babylon be" means in the sense of the letter the great city called Babylon; but in the spiritual sense it means the church that has become Babylon. Babylon is called "the ornament of kingdoms and the adornment of the magnificence of the Chaldeans," because of the wisdom of that church in its beginning, as has been said before; but in general "Babel" or "Babylon" means the church in which all the goods of love have been destroyed and finally profaned, and "Chaldea" the church in which all the truths of faith are destroyed and finally profaned; and this is why it is said "as God's overthrowing Sodom and Gomorrah," "Sodom" also signifying the destruction of all good by the love of self, and "Gomorrah" the destruction of all truth therefrom. "It shall not be inhabited forever, it shall not be dwelt in even from generation to generation," signifies its destruction to eternity, "not to be inhabited forever" relating to the destruction of good, and "not to be dwelt in from generation to generation" relating to the destruction of truth; for those who destroy good and truth and afterwards embrace in place of these evil and falsity cannot be reformed. It is otherwise with those who are in evils and falsities but have not destroyed good and truth, as are the Gentiles that have no knowledge of good and truth. "The Arabian shall not abide there, and the shepherds shall not make to lie down," signifies that the church will become such a desert, "the Arabian" meaning one who lives in a desert, but does not abide there, because there is no corn or fruit; and it is the same with the flocks of shepherds when there is no pasture. "The ijim 2shall lie down there, and the houses shall be full of ochim," signifies the infernal falsities and evils pertaining to them, "ijim" meaning infernal falsities, and "ochim" infernal evils, and "house" the mind of those who are such. "The daughters of the owl shall lie down there, and the satyrs shall dance there," signifies that falsified truths and adulterated goods shall be there, "daughters of the owl" meaning falsified truths, and "satyrs" adulterated goods, and "to dance" meaning the joy from filthy love which has adulterated the good of love. "The ijim shall answer in her palaces, and dragons in the palaces of delights," signifies these adulterated and falsified things in their doctrines.
[15] Babylon is likewise described in other passages in the prophets. As in Jeremiah:
O sword against Babylon, a sword against her treasures, that they may be spoiled; a drought upon her waters, that they may be dried up; for it is a land of graven images, and they glory in horrible things; therefore the ziim with the ijim shall dwell there, and the daughters of the owl shall dwell therein; she shall not sit anymore forever, nor shall she be inhabited even from generation to generation; according to God's overthrowing Sodom and Gomorrah, and its neighboring cities, not a man shall dwell there, neither shall a son of man tarry therein (Jeremiah 50:35, 37-40).
In the same:
Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and deliver a man his soul, lest ye be cut off for her iniquity. Babylon is a cup of gold in the hand of Jehovah, making the whole earth drunken; the nations have drunk of her wine, therefore the nations are mad. Babylon is fallen suddenly, and is broken in pieces. Behold I am against thee, O destroying mountain, saith Jehovah, destroying the whole earth. And I will stretch out my hand against thee, to roll thee down from the rocks, and to make thee a mountain of burning. And they shall not take from thee a stone for a corner. Babylon shall become heaps, a habitation of dragons, an astonishment and a hissing, without inhabitant (Jeremiah 51:6-8, 25, 26, 37).
In Isaiah:
Hear now, O Babylon, sitting securely, saying in her heart, I and none like me besides; I shall not sit a widow, neither shall I know bereavement. But these two things shall come to thee in a moment, in one day, bereavement and widowhood. They shall come upon thee fully because of the multitude of thy sorceries and the great abundance of thine enchantments. For thou hast trusted in thy wickedness, saying, No one seeth me. Thy wisdom and thy knowledge hath seduced thee, when thou hast said in thy heart, I and none like me besides. Therefore evil shall come upon thee which thou knowest not how to ward off, and calamity shall fall upon thee which thou shall not be able to expiate; and devastation shall come upon thee suddenly which thou knewest not (Isaiah 47:8-11).
Thus the destruction of Babylon is described not only here, but also in the whole of chapter 47 of Isaiah; also in the whole of chapters 50 and 51 of Jeremiah; also in Isaiah 21:8, 9; and in David (Psalms 137:1, 8, 9). Again, the adulteration of good and the falsification of truth by the Jews is described by their whoredoms in Egypt, and afterwards with the daughters of Assyria, and finally with the daughters of Babylon and with the Chaldeans (Ezekiel 16:1-63, 23:1-49). "Whoredom in Egypt" means falsification of truth from the natural man, which is effected by fallacies, appearances, and knowledges. Their whoredom with the daughters of Assyria signifies falsification of truth from the rational man, which is effected by reasonings and sophistries from fallacies, appearances, and knowledges. Their whoredom with the daughters of Babylon and with the Chaldeans signifies the adulteration of good and the profanation of truth.
[16] When, therefore, the sons of Israel wholly departed from the statutes which were representative of the spiritual things of the church, through which they had communication with heaven, they were all given into the hands of the king of Assyria; for there was no longer with them any representative church and consequently no communication with heaven. Respecting their offenses and their being carried away by the king of Assyria into his cities, and also into Babylon, see 2 Kings 17 to the end. The same thing happened to the Jews. When they had adulterated and profaned all the statutes, judgments, and laws that represented good and truth of faith, to the extent that there was no longer anything of good and truth left, and when their church thus became Babylon, then not only their kings and princes and the whole people, but also all the treasures of the house of Jehovah, and afterwards all its golden vessels, were given into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon; and moreover the temple itself was burned (respecting this see 2 Kings 24:1-20; 25:1-26; also Isaiah 20:17, 18 [Editor's note: This reference is not correct]; Isaiah 39:6, 7; ; Jeremiah 20:4, 5; 21:4-10; 25:1-12; 27:6-22; 28:1-16; 29:1-21; 32:1-5; 34:1-7, 18-22; 35:11; 38:17-23; 39:2-18; 41:1-12; 52 end). Their transgressions were:
That they filled Jerusalem with innocent blood (2 Kings 24:4);
That they offered incense unto Baal, poured out drink-offerings unto other gods, set abominations in the house of Jehovah, built high places to Baal in the valley of Hinnom, delivered up their sons and daughters to Molech (Jeremiah 32:29-35).
All these signify the profanation of the holy things of the church. Such profanation is signified also by "Babylon." That the land, therefore, which signified the church might no longer be profaned by them, and also that Babylon might thus fully put on its representation, it was said to them by Jeremiah that they should surrender themselves voluntarily into the hands of the king of Babylon, and those who did not surrender themselves, but remained in the land, should die by the sword, famine, and pestilence (Jeremiah 25:1-11).
[17] But since the Lord was to be born in that nation and make Himself manifest where the church then was and where His Word was, so that nation after a captivity of seventy years was brought back from Babylon, and the temple was rebuilt. And yet no other church remained with them except a church like that called Babylon, as can be seen from many things which the Lord Himself said about that nation, and from the way they received Him; and for this reason Jerusalem was again destroyed, and the temple burnt with fire.
[18] It is to be known in general that every church in its beginning is like a virgin, but in process of time it becomes a harlot. For it enters gradually into a life of evil and thus embraces a doctrine of falsity, as gradually it begins to love self and the world; and then from being a church it becomes either Babylon or Philistia, Babylon with those who love self above all things, and Philistia with those who love the world above all things. For as these two loves increase, the men of the church adulterate and falsify the goods and truths of the Word, which is from being a virgin to become a harlot.
[19] The first church after the flood would have become Babylon, if the Lord by the dispersion of their religion had not prevented the attempt, represented and signified by the tower that was to reach even to heaven, which the posterity of Noah began to build (See respecting this in Arcana Coelestia 1283-1328). It having thus been shown from the Word what is signified in general and in particular by "Babylon," we are now prepared to pass on to the explanation of those things which are foretold in this and the following chapter about Babylon and its destruction.
Footnotes:
1. The photolithograph reads "thee," in n. 724 we read "her," which agrees with the Hebrew text.
2. Ijim in text where we read Ziim, which agrees with the Hebrew.
1029. CAPUT XVII.
1. Et venit unus ex septem angelis habentibus septem phialas, et locutus cum me, dicens mihi, Veni, ostendam tibi judicium meretricis magnae sedentis super aquis multis;
2. Cum qua scortati sunt reges terrae, et inebriati sunt ex vino scortationis ejus inhabitantes terram.
3. Et detulit me in desertum in spiritu, et vidi mulierem sedentem super bestia coccinea, plena nominibus blasphemiae, habente capita septem et cornua decem.
4. Et mulier circuminduta purpura et coccino, et inaurata auro, et lapide pretioso, et margaritis, habens aureum poculum in manu sua, plenum abominationibus et immunditie scortationis ejus.
5. Et super fronte ejus nomen scriptum, Mysterium, Babylon magna, mater scortationum et abominationum terrae.
6. Et vidi mulierem inebriatam ex sanguine sanctorum, et ex sanguine testium Jesu, et admiratus sum videns illam, admiratione magna.
7. Et dixit mihi angelus, Quare admiraris? Ego tibi dicam mysterium mulieris, et bestiae portantis illam, habentis septem capita et decem cornua.
8. Bestia, quam vidisti, erat et non est, et futura est ascendere ex abysso, et in interitum abire: et mirabuntur habitantes super terra (quorum non scripta nomina in libro vitae a fundatione mundi), videntes bestiam, quae erat et non est, attamen est.
9. Haec mens habens sapientiam: septem capitamontes sunt septem, ubi mulier sedet super illis.
10. Et reges septem sunt; quinque ceciderunt, et unus est, alter nondum venit; et quando venerit, brevi illum oportet manere.
11. Et bestia, quae erat et non est, ipsa octavus est, et de septem est, et in interitum abit.
12. Et decem cornua, quae vidisti, decem reges sunt, qui regnum nondum acceperunt, sed potestatem tanquam reges unam horam accipiunt cum bestia.
13. Hi unam sententiam habent, et potentiam et potestatem suam bestiae tradent.
14. Hi cum Agno pugnabunt, sed Agnus vincet illos, quia Dominus dominorum est, et Rex regum; et qui cum Ipso, vocati, electi et fideles.
15. Et dicit mihi, Aquae, quas vidisti, ubi meretrix sedet, populi et turbae sunt, et gentes et linguae.
16. Et decem cornua quae vidisti super bestia, hi odio habebunt meretricem, et devastatam facient illam, et nudam, et carnes ejus comedent, et illam comburent Igne.
17. Quoniam Deus dedit in corda illorum facere sententiam ejus, et facere unam sententiam, et dare regnum suum bestiae, donec consummentur verbaDei.
18. Et mulier, quam vidisti, est urbs magna habens regnum super reges terrae.
EXPLICATIO.
Quoniam in hoc capite et in sequenti agitur de Babylonia, ideo ante explicationem illorum capitum dicetur quid in genere et in specie per "Babyloniam" intelligitur, et qualis illa est in principio, et qualis fit postea per gradus. Per "Babyloniam" seu per "Babelem" intelligitur ecclesia ab illis qui per sancta ecclesiae affectant ad dominium super universum terrarum orbem, et hoc per dominium super animas hominum, vindicando sibi potestatem salvandi quoscunque volunt; et demum quaerunt et quoque sibi appropriant dominium super caelum et infernum: ob quem finem derivant et transferunt in se omnem potestatem Domini, sicut quod ab Ipso illis data sit. Ecclesia a talibus non sibi similis est in initio, sicut fit progressu temporis; in initio sunt sicut in zelo pro Domino, pro Verbo, pro amore et fide, et imprimis pro salute hominum; sed in illo zelo latet ignis dominandi, qui progressu temporis, sicut crescit dominium, erumpit; et quemadmodum in actum venit, fiunt sancta ecclesiae media, ac ipsum dominium fit finis; et cum dominium fit finis, tunc applicantur sancta ecclesiae ad finem, ita ad illos, et tunc non modo salutem animarum suae potestatis faciunt, sed etiam omnem Divinam potentiam Domini sibi appropriant: et cum hoc faciunt, tunc omne bonum et omne verum ecclesiae pervertunt, ita sancta ecclesiae profanant: haec sunt Babylonia.
[2] Quod ita sit, ad vivum mihi ostensum est. Fuerunt tales in mundo spirituali, qui simile dominium affectarunt; et quia noverunt quod soli Domino esset omnis potestas, tunc induerunt sicut zelum pro Ipso, proque caelo et pro ecclesia, et omni opera laborarunt ut Dominum solum colerent, atque omnia Verbi sancte custodirent; ordinaverunt etiam, ut sanctitas et integritas in omnibus regnaret. Sed datum est scire quod in zelo illo lateret ardens cupido dominandi super omnes alios, credentes quod illa quae ordinaverunt Domino accepta forent; verum enim vero, ut primum ceperunt dominium, per gradus revelabatur finis, qui erat quod non Dominus, sed illi imperarent, et sic quod Dominus illis serviret, et non illi Domino, indignati si non liceret illis sicut dii ad nutum omnia disponere: immo apperceptum est quod Dominum vilipenderent, immo rejicerent, si non dederit illis potestatem faciendi omnia ex lubitu, et nisi annueret omni arbitrio illorum. Apperceptum etiam est quod vellent in se sub aliqua specie transferre Divinam Ipsius potestatem, si ausi essent, timebant enim propterea dejectionem in infernum. Per hoc ostensum est quomodo Babylonia incohat, et quomodo terminatur. Ex eo etiam datum est concludere quod dum dominium fit finis, et sancta ecclesiae fiunt media, cultus Dei sub varia specie vertatur in cultum hominum, sic ut ipsi sint dii actu, et Dominus sit Deus non actu, quod dicitur, pro forma.
[3] Nunc quia dominium per sancta ecclesiae super animas hominum, super caelum, et super Ipsum Dominum, est interius profanum, sequitur quod sit infernale; diaboli enim qui in inferno sunt, non plus cupiunt quam dominari super caelum et super Ipsum Dominum; et quoque sub varia specie id aggrediuntur, verum dum in aggressu sunt absorbentur ab inferno. Quoniam in mundo illi qui Dominum de solio regni sui dejiciunt, et se super illo ponunt, in corde similes diaboli sunt, patet quod ecclesia ab illis successu temporis quoad omne bonum et quoad omne verum ejus devastetur: hic est finis ejus. Quod diaboli sint, ex iisdem in mundo spirituali constat: illi qui Divinam potestatem Domini in mundo exercuerunt, post mortem sanctissime loquuntur de Domino, et Ipsum cum omni devotione externa colunt; sed cum interiora illorum inspiciuntur, illa enim in mundo spirituali possunt retegi et inspici, datur videre quod profana sint, quia atheistica, in quibus diabolica astutia; inde quod sancta externa servirent illis pro mediis ad finem, qui erat dominium, patuit. Sermo quondam venit inter spiritus num aliquis diabolus in inferno simile potuisset facere: ideo unus inter pejores inde arcessitus est, et ei dictum est quod dominium super multos acciperet si potuisset sancte colere Dominum, et agnoscere Divinum Ipsius aequale Divino Patris, ac simul obire omnia cultus; ille cum audivit dominium super multos, statim interiora sua ad astutiam disposuit, et exteriora ad sanctitatem, et Dominum coluit sanctius quam multi angeli, excandescens contra omnes qui Ipsum non adorarent; sed ut primum animadvertit quod ei dominium non datum sit, excanduit contra Ipsum Dominum, et non modo Divinum Ipsius et quoque Divinum Patris negavit, sed etiam utrumque contumeliis affecit: erat enim atheus.
[4] Quod hodierna Babylonia talis sit, patet manifeste ex eo, quod sub specie clavorum Petro datorum in se omnem Divinam potestatem Domini transtulerint, quod Divinum Verum populo occluserint per ablationem Verbi, et quod dictaminibus Papae sanctitatem aequalem sanctitati Verbi addixerint, immo actualiter superiorem; quod parum, si quicquam, doceant timorem et cultum Dei, sed timorem et cultum sui, et quoque cultum sanctorum propter se: inde patet quod Babylonia in fine suo sit ecclesia vacua et inanis ab omni bono amoris in Deum, et ab omni bono amoris erga proximum, et consequenter ab omni vero; inde amplius non est ecclesia sed idololatria; et per id parum dissimilis gentilismis antiquorum, qui colebant Baales, Astaroth, Beelzebubum, et plures, et tamen habebant templa, festa stata, altaria, sacrificia, suffitus, libamina, et alia similia, quae Ecclesia Judaica habebat. Haec de Babylonia in initio ejus, et de illa in fine ejus, dicta sunt, ut sciatur unde est quod "Babel" in Verbo nunc extollatur usque in caelum, et nunc dejiciatur usque in infernum.
[5] Quod Babel talis sit, plene constare potest a descriptionibus et repraesentationibus ejus apud Prophetas, et imprimis apud Danielem. Primum a "statua" Regis Nebuchadnezaris, apud Danielem,
Visa est in somnio Regi Nebuchadnezari, statua stans e regione regis; ejus "caput aurum bonum, ejus pectus et brachia argentum, ejus venter et femora aes, ejus crura ferrum, ejus pedes ex parte ferrum, et ex parte argilla." Postea "excisus est Lapis qui non per manus, et percussit statuam super pedes ejus, qui erant ferrum et argilla, et contrivit illos, et tunc simul contrita sunt ferrum, argilla, aes, argentum et aurum, et facta sunt sicut palea de areis aestatis, ita etiam abstulit ea ventus; et ullus locus non inventus est illis. Lapis autem qui percussit statuam, factus est in Petram magnam" (2:31-35):
ex interpretatione istius somnii a Daniele, patet quod status ecclesiae, quae fit Babylonia, a principio ad finem ejus ibi describatur; quod sit Babylonia quae describitur, est quia Rex Babelis illa in somnio vidit, et quia vidit statuam e regione sui; tum aperte dicitur a Daniele ad regem,
"Tu es caput ejus, quod aurum" (vers. 38):
successivi ejus ecclesiae status usque ad ultimum descripti sunt per statuae illius caput, pectus, brachia, ventrem, femora, crura et pedes; tum per aurum, argentum, aes, ferrum, et argillam, ex quibus statua a summo ad imum constitit; ex illis patet quod ecclesia illa in principio suo fuerit ex bono amoris in Dominum plena sapientia, nam "caput" ejus, quod supremum, significat sapientiam, et "aurum" bonum amoris in Dominum: quod ultimus status illius ecclesiae futurus sit absque omni bono amoris et absque omni sapientia, significatur per quod "digiti pedum ejus essent ex parte ferrum, et ex parte argilla"; nam haec ita interpretatur Daniel,
"Quod vidisti ferrum mixtum cum argilla luti, commiscebunt se per semen hominis, sed non cohaerebunt unum cum altero, quemadmodum ferrum non commiscetur cum argilla" (vers. 43):
"semen hominis" significat Divinum Verum, ita verum Verbi; et per hoc non fit cohaerentia, quia id in fine ecclesiae falsificatur per applicationem ad cultum hominum. Interitus ecclesiae istius describitur per quod "Lapis contriverit omnia statuae"; per "Lapidem" significatur Divinum Verum, et per "Petram" in quam factus est Lapis, significatur Dominus quoad illud; interitus ejus est ultimum judicium. Nova ecclesia, quae tunc a Domino instaurabitur, describitur per haec,
"Surgere faciet Deus caelorum regnum quod in saecula non peribit, ac regnum Ipsius populo alii non permittetur; conteret et consumet omnia illa regna, ipsum autem stabit in saecula" (vers. 44):
per "regnum" hic et alibi in Verbo significatur ecclesia; similiter per "hominem", In cujus forma fuit statua.
[6] Ecclesia quae postea fit Babylonia, etiam describitur per "arborem" visam regi Nebuchadnezari in somnio, apud Danielem,
"Videns fui, cum ecce arbor in medio terrae, et altitudo ejus magna: crevit arbor et robusta facta est, ut altitudo ejus pertigerit usque ad caelum, et prospectus ejus usque ad finem omnis terrae; folium ejus pulchrum, et flos ejus multus, sub illa umbram habebat bestia agri, et in ramis ejus habitabant aves caeli, et ex ea alebatur omnis caro. .... Sed ecce vigil et sanctus de caelo descendit, clamans ex viribus, .. sic dicens: Excidite arborem, et amputate ramos ejus, et dispergite florem ejus; fugiat bestia a sub ea, et aves a ramis ejus; verum stirpem radicum ejus in terra relinquite, et in vinculo ferri et aeris, in herba agri, et in rore caelorum tingatur, et cum bestia pars ejus in gramine terrae; cor ejus ab homine mutabunt, et cor bestiae dabitur ei, dum septem tempora transibunt super eum; .... usque dum noverint viventes quod Dominus altissimus in regno hominis" (4:7-14 [B.A. 10-17]):
quod Rex Nebuchadnezar, proinde Babel, per arborem illam et per omnia ejus, intelligatur, apertis verbis dicitur (vers. 17, 18, 19 [B.A. 20, 21, 22]); et quod regi contigerint illa quae audita sunt, nempe quod "expulsus sit ab homine", "cum bestia agri habitaverit", "herbam sicut boves comederit, usque dum septem tempora transiverunt", constat a versibus 29, 30, 31 [B.A. 32, 33, 34), illius capitis: quod haec illi evenerint propter amorem sui et fastum dominii sui, constat ab his illius verbis,
"Nonne haec est Babel magna, quam ego aedificavi in domum regni, per robur fortitudinis meae, et in gloriam honoris mei?" (vers. 27 [B.A. 30]):
et postea cum restitutus est,
"Ego Nebuchadnezar ... honorans Regem caelorum, cujus omnia opera veritas, et viae Ipsius judicium; et qui ambulant in superbia, potest humiliare" (vers. 34 [B.A. 37]):
per statum illum Nebuchadnezaris describitur status illorum post mortem qui se sicut dii super omnia ecclesiae extollunt; quod nempe "expellantur ab homine", hoc est, quod non quoad intellectum sint sicut homines amplius; quod "fiant bestiae, et gramen sicut boves comedant", et quod "crines eorum sicut aquilarum crescant, et ungues eorum sicut avium", per quae significatur quod prorsus sensuales sint, quod loco intelligentiae illis sit fatuitas, ac loco sapientiae insania; "comedere gramen", "crinem sicut aquilarum, et ungues sicut avium habere", significat sensuales fieri.
[7] Status successivi ecclesiae, quae demum fit Babylonia, etiam describitur per "quatuor bestias ascendentes ex mari", apud Danielem,
Visum est ei quod quatuor bestiae ascenderint e mari; "prima sicut alae aquilae illi, ... sed evulsae sunt alae ejus, et sublata est e terra, et super pedes sicut homo erecta, et cor hominis datum ei. Dein .. bestia alia secunda similis urso, et ad latus unum erexit se, .. tres costae in ore ejus inter dentes ejus, insuper sic dicentes ei, Surge, comede carnem multam. Post haec, ... ecce alia sicut pardus, cui alae quatuor quales avibus, super tergo ..", et ei "quatuor capita; et dominium datum illi est. Postea .... bestia quarta terribilis et formidabilis et robusta valde, cui dentes ferri magni, comedit et contrivit, et reliquum pedibus suis conculcavit" (7:3-7):
quod per has "bestias" etiam successivi status ecclesiae a primo usque ad ultimum ejus descripti sint, videatur supra (n. 316, 556, 650, 780, 781): quod in primo statu fuerint in veris, et inde in intelligentia, significatur per "leonem cui alae aquilae", et qui postea apparuit "sicut homo, et ei cor hominis datum." Quod in ultimo statu sint in omnis generis falsis ex malo, significatur per "quartam bestiam, quae terribilis, comedit et contrivit, ac reliquum pedibus suis conculcavit"; de qua bestia plura dicuntur, vers. 23-25.
[8] Quod tunc ecclesia illa, quae facta Babylonia, destruetur, et nova ecclesia, quae Dominum colet, instaurabitur, intelligitur per haec ibi,
"Videns fui, ... et ecce cum nubibus caelorum sicut Filius hominis: .... Huic datum est dominium, .. gloria, et regnum, ut omnes populi, gentes et linguae Illum colerent; dominium Ipsius dominium saeculi quod non transibit, et regnum Ipsius quod non peribit. .... Et regnum et dominium, et majestas regnorum sub omnibus caelis, dabitur populo sanctorum altissimorum, cujus regnum regnum saeculi, et omnia dominia colent Ipsum, et obedient" (vers. 13, 14, 27):
per "Filium hominis" intelligitur Dominus quoad Divinum Humanum, et quoad Verbum; quod ab Ipso ecclesia instauranda sit quae Ipsum colet, intelligitur per quod Ipsi datum sit dominium, et gloria et regnum", quod "dominium Ipsius dominium saeculi quod non transibit"; et ecclesia ab Ipso instauranda intelligitur per "regnum datum populo sanctorum." Quod hoc futurum sit quando ecclesia facta est Babylonia, hoc est, ita devastata ut non amplius aliquod bonum nec verum ibi supersit, est quia tunc finis ejus est; ita quando non aliqua ibi ecclesia amplius: hic finis per "finem Babyloniae" intelligitur: non quod cultus illorum idololatricus in mundo, cum ipsis, destruendus sit, hic enim permansurus; verum non ut cultus alicujus ecclesiae, sed ut cultus paganismi; quare etiam iidem post mortem inter paganos veniunt, et non amplius inter Christianos. Ex illis autem, qui non Papam, nec sanctos et sculptilia, adoraverunt, sed Dominum, nova ecclesia a Domino colligitur.
[9] Idololatria Babylonica describitur apud Danielem,
Per statuam altam quam Rex Nebuchadnezar erexit, et de qua edixit ut omnes prociderent et adorarent illam, et quod qui id non facerent, projicerentur in medium fornacis ignis ardentis (3:1-7).
Eadem etiam describitur apud eundem,
Per statutum quod Darius Medus edixit, quod non peteret quis petitionem ab aliquo deo aut aliquo homine, nisi a rege; et quod qui a deo aut ab homine intra triginta dies aliquid petierit, conjiceretur in foveam leonum (6:8-10 [B.A. 7-9]):
per haec describitur Babel seu Babylonia quoad dominium super sancta, et quoad arrogationem Divinae potestatis; et exitium illorum describitur per quod omnes illi qui persuaserunt Dario ad faciendum statutum illud, conjecti sint in foveam leonum et devorati.
[10] Describitur etiam Babel apud Danielem,
Per quod Belschazar rex, magnates ejus, uxores ejus, et pellices ejus, biberint vinum ex vasis auri et argenti quae eduxerat Nebuchadnezar pater ejus e templo Hierosolymae, et quod simul laudaverint deos auri et argenti, aeris, ferri, ligni et lapidis, et quod tunc scriptura in pariete ei apparuerit: post quam rex illa nocte occisus est (5:1 ad fin. ):
per haec repraesentabatur et inde significabatur profanatio sanctorum ecclesiae ab illis qui e Babylonia sunt, ac dominium usque in caelum extendunt; nam dicitur,
"Supra Dominum caelorum exaltasti te, dum vasa domus Ipsius adduxerunt ante te" (vers. 23).
Ex his apud Danielem constare potest quod per "Babyloniam" seu per "Babelem" in Verbo intelligatur amor dominii super orbem terrarum, tum super caelum, et super Ipsum Dominum; et quod ecclesia Domini successive fiat Babylonia; et quod sicut fit Babylonia, ita quoad omne bonum amoris et quoad omne verum fidei devastetur, et quod id sit finis ejus, nempe, quod non amplius sit ecclesia; et dum amplius non est ecclesia, adnumeratur gentibus idololatricis; praeter illos qui Dominum adorant, sanctum habent Verbum, et instructionem ex illo admittunt.
[11] Babel seu Babylonia etiam describitur apud Esaiam,
"Miserebitur Jehovah Jacobi, et eliget denuo Israelem, ut ponat eos super terram eorum. .... Fiet in die quo quietem daturus est Jehovah tibi a dolore tuo, .... ut enunties hanc parabolam de rege Babelis: ... Quomodo cessavit exactor, cessavit auri cupido; confregit Jehovah baculum impiorum, virgam dominantium": unde "quiescit, quieta est omnis terra, insonuerunt jubilo; etiam quercus gaudent propter te, cedri Libani, Ex quo tu occubuisti, non ascendit caesor super nos. Infernus inferius commotus est propter te, obviam veniendo tibi; excitavit propter te Rephaim, omnes potentes terrae; surgere fecit e thronis eorum omnes reges gentium; omnes respondent et dicunt ad te, Etiamne tu infirmatus es sicut nos? nobis assimilatus es? Demissa est in infernum magnificentia tua, tumultus nabliorum tuorum; sub te substratus est vermis, et contegentes te vermiculus. Quomodo cecidisti de caelo, Lucifer, fili aurorae, excisus es in terram, infirmatus es infra gentes: atqui tu dixisti in corde tuo, In caelos ascendam, supra stellas" caeli "exaltabo thronum meum, et sedebo in monte conventus, in lateribus septentrionis; ascendam supra excelsa nubis, similis fiam Altissimo: verum enim vero ad infernum demissus es, ad latera foveae. Videntes te considerant te, Num hic est vir commovens terram, tremefaciens regna, posuit orbem in desertum, et urbes ejus destruxit? .... Tu projectus es e sepulcro tuo, sicut surculus abominabilis, vestimentum occisorum, confossi gladio, qui descendunt ad lapides foveae, sicut cadaver conculcatum. Non adunaberis cum illis in sepulcro, nam terram tuam perdidisti, populum tuum occidisti, non nominabitur in aeternum semen malitiosorum. Parate filiis ejus mactationem, ob iniquitatem patrum eorum, ut non resurgant et possideant terram, ac impleantur facies terrae urbibus. Surgam enim contra eos, dictum Jehovae Zebaoth, et exscindam Babeli nomen et residuum, et filium et nepotem. ... Ponam te in hereditatem anatariae, et stagna aquarum, et everram eam scopis perdendo. .... Et frangam Aschurem in terra mea, et super montibus meis conculcabo illum" (14:1-25):
haec omnia dicta sunt de Babele, et non de aliquo diabolo qui creatus lucis angelus, et rebellis factus dejectus est in infernum, et ex primaevo suo statu vocatus est "Lucifer, filius aurorae": quod Babel hic describatur, constat a versu 4, et a versu 22 hujus capitis, ubi Rex Babelis, et Babel nominatur; dicitur enim "Enunties hanc parabolam de rege Babelis"; et postea, "Exscindam Babeli nomen et residuum." Sciendum est quod in Verbo per "regem" simile significetur quod per "regnum" ejus: quod Babel dicatur "Lucifer, filius aurorae", est quia, ut supra dictum est, Babel in principio est ecclesia quae in zelo pro Domino, pro bono amoris et pro veris fidei, tametsi intus in zelo pastorum ejus latet ignis dominandi per sancta ecclesiae super omnes quos sibi possunt subjicere; inde est quod Babel dicatur "Lucifer, filius aurorae"; propterea etiam vocatur
"Rex regum", in cujus manum data sunt omnia:
et quoque vocatur
"Caput statuae, quod erat aurum" (Daniel 2:37, 38):
tum etiam
"Arbor in medio terrae, altitudine magna" (Daniel 4:7, 19 [B.A. 10, 22]).
[12] Babel in initio etiam intellecta est per
Leonem, cui alae aquilae, et qui dein apparuit sicut homo, et ei cor hominis datum (Daniel 7:4);
et vocatur
Ornamentum regnorum, et decus magnificentiae Chaldaeorum" (Esaias 13:19):
et memoratur inter
Cognoscentes Jehovam (Psalms 87:4).
Quia nunc per "Babelem" in initio significatur talis ecclesia, ideo rex Babelis hic vocatur "Lucifer, filius aurorae"; "Lucifer" ex luce veri tunc, et "filius aurorae" ex initiamento lucis seu diei; nam "aurora" est ecclesia in suo initio. Sed usque in eo capite describitur ecclesia illa quoad statum ejus in fine, quando facta est "Babylon meretrix", qui status ejus est quando non amplius aliquod bonum amoris, nec aliquod verum fidei, superest: hic status ejus est, qui intelligitur per exitium et per damnationem ejus ad infernum; destructio illorum in mundo non alia est, quam quod post mortem sit infernum illis qui sibi Divinam potestatem arrogaverunt, et illam exercuerunt, et ob illum finem populos terrae tenuerunt in densa caligine aut caecitate, et in cultu idololatrico, imprimis qui homines a cultu Domini abduxerunt.
[13] Quoniam haec sunt quae in capite illo describuntur, velim illa quae inde allata sunt breviter explicare. "Miserebitur Jehovah Jacobi, et eliget denuo Israelem, ut ponat illum super terram eorum", significat novam ecclesiam post finem Babyloniae a Domino instaurandam: "in die illo enuntiabis parabolam hanc de rege Babelis, et dices, Quomodo cessavit exactor, cessavit auri cupido", significat liberationem a captivitate et servitute spirituali, in qua fuerunt qui sub dominio illius: "confregit Jehovah baculum impiorum, virgam dominantium", significat quod non amplius aliqua potentia illis per vera ex bono, quia in meris falsis ex malo sunt; haec impotentia est illis in mundo spirituali: "quieta est omnis terra, insonuerunt jubilo, etiam quercus gaudent propter te, cedri Libani, Ex quo tu occubuisti, non ascendet caesor super nos", significat quod illi qui in cognitionibus boni et veri sunt non amplius infestentur ab illis; "terra" est nova ecclesia quae ab illis quieta erit, "quercus" et "cedri Libani" sunt cognitiones boni et veri in sensu externo et interno, "non ascendet caesor" est quod non amplius infestatio: "infernus inferius commotus est propter te, obviam veniendo tibi, excitavit propter te Rephaim, omnes potentes terrae, surgere fecit e throno eorum omnes reges gentium", significat jucundum vindictae illorum qui in inferno sunt: "omnes respondent et dicunt, Etiamne tu infirmatus es sicut nos? nobis assimilatus es? et demissa est in infernum magnificentia tua, tumultus nabliorum tuorum", significant jucundum illud ex eo, quod illis similis factus sit, et quod similiter in falsis mali: "quomodo cecidisti de caelo, Lucifer, fili aurorae, excisus es in terram, infirmatus es infra gentes", significant subsannationem quod talis factus sit, tametsi in principio fuerat in caelo, quia in bono amoris et in veris fidei; haec ab illis qui in inferno dicta sunt, quia illis qui ibi sunt nihil jucundius est quam ut possint aliquem e caelo detrahere, et per falsa mali perdere: "atque tu dixisti in corde tuo, Supra stellas caeli exaltabo thronum meum, et sedebo in monte conventus, in lateribus septentrionis, ascendam super excelsa nubis, similis fiam Altissimo", sunt quoque verba subsannationis super fastum dominii eorum, quod usque in caelum extendunt, et Divinam sibi potestatem arrogant, et sic omnia caeli et omnia ecclesiae suo arbitrio subjiciunt, ob finem ut colantur et adorentur sicut dii; "mons conventus ad latera septentrionis" est ubi est ascensus in caelos; "super stellas et super excelsa nubis" est super Divinum Verum ("stellae" sunt cognitiones boni et veri, "excelsa nubis" sunt vera interiora Verbi): "verumtamen ad infernum demissus es, ad latera foveae, videntes te considerant te, Num hic est vir commovens terram, tremefaciens regna, posuit orbem in desertum, et urbes ejus destruxit?" est continuatio subsannationis illorum qui in inferno sunt, et quoque gloriationis inde quod e caelo dejectus sit; "latera foveae" sunt loca in inferno ubi mere falsa mali sunt; per "terram", "regna" et "orbem" significatur ecclesia, et per "urbes" significantur doctrinalia: "tu projectus es e sepulcro tuo sicut surculus abominabilis, vestimentum occisorum, confossi gladio, qui descendunt ad lapides foveae, sicut cadaver conculcatum", significant statum damnationis illorum; "vestimentum occisorum", "confossi gladio", et "cadaver conculcatum" significant damnationem profanationis veri: "non adunaberis cum iis in sepulcro, nam terram tuam perdidisti, populum tuum occidisti, non nominabitur in aeternum semen malitiosorum", significant damnationem graviorem quam reliquorum, quia omnia ecclesiae exstinxerat: "parate filiis ejus mactationem ob iniquitatem patrum illorum, ut non resurgant, possideant terram, ac impleantur facies terrae urbibus" significant exitium illorum in aeternum: "exscindam Babeli nomen et residuum, et filium et nepotem", significant exitium totale, quia nihil boni et veri illis amplius est: "ponam te in hereditatem anatariae, et stagna aquarum, et everram eam scopis perdendo", significant falsum infernale per destructionem veri: "frangam Aschurem in terra mea, et super montibus meis conculcabo eum", significat quod in nova ecclesia non aliquae ratiocinationes ex falsis contra vera et bona existent. Praeterea illa quae in hoc capite sunt particularius explicata videantur in aliis locis hujus Libri (ut (supra, ) n. 208(b), 223(b), 304 (d, g), 331(b), 386(b), 405(e), 539(b), 589, 594(d), 608(a), 659(e), 687(b), 697(e), 724(e), 727(b), 730(b), 741(d), 768(e), 811(d).
[14] Apud eundem,
"Sic erit Babel, ornamentum regnorum et decus magnificentiae Chaldaeorum, sicut eversio Dei, Sodoma et Gomorrha; non habitabitur in aeternum, non incoletur usque in generationem et generationem, ita ut non moretur ibi Arabs, et pastores non faciant cubare; sed cubabunt ibi tziim, et implebuntur domus eorum ochim, et habitabunt ibi filiae noctuae, et saltabunt ibi satyri: respondebunt etiam ijim in palatiis ejus, et dracones in palatiis deliciarum ejus: propinquum est tempus ejus, ut veniat, et dies ejus non extrahetur" (13:19-22):
agitur in toto hoc capite de devastatione totali omnium boni et omnium veri ecclesiae apud illos qui e Babylonia sunt; per "Sic erit Babel", intelligitur in sensu litterae urbs magna Babel vocata, sed per illam in sensu spirituali intelligitur ecclesia quae facta est Babylonia: Babel vocatur "ornamentum regnorum, et decus magnificentiae Chaldaeorum", ex sapientia illius ecclesiae in principio ejus, ut prius dictum est; in genere autem per "Babelem" seu "Babyloniam" intelligitur ecclesia in qua omnia bona amoris destructa et demum profanata sunt, et per "Chaldaeam" ecclesia in qua omnia vera fidei destructa et demum profanata sunt; inde est quod dicatur "eversio Dei, Sodoma et Gomorrha"; "Sodoma" etiam significat destructionem omnis boni per amorem sui, et "Gomorrha" destructionem omnis veri inde: "non habitabitur in aeternum, non incoletur usque in generationem et generationem", significat destructionem ejus in aeternum; "non habitari in aeternum" spectat destructionem boni, et "non incoli in generationem et generationem" spectat destructionem veri; nam qui bonum et verum destruunt, et postea loco illorum amplectuntur malum et falsum, non possunt reformari; aliter illi qui in malis et falsis sunt, et non bonum et verum destruxerunt, ut sunt gentes quae ignorant bonum et verum: "non morabitur ibi Arabs, et pastores non cubare facient", significat quod ecclesia tale desertum fiet; "Arabs" est qui in deserto vivit, sed quia ibi non seges aut fructus, non moratur ibi; simile fit cum grege pastorum, quando non datur pascuum: "cubabunt ibi tziim, et implebuntur domus ochim", significat falsa et mala infernalia, quae illis; "tziim" sunt falsa infernalia, "ochim" sunt mala infernalia, "domus" est mens eorum qui tales sunt: "cubabunt ibi filiae noctuae, et satyri saltabunt ibi", significat quod ibi falsificata vera et adulterata bona; falsificata vera sunt "filiae noctuae", adulterata bona sunt "satyri", "saltare" est gaudium ex amore spurco qui bonum amoris adulteravit: "respondebunt ijim in palatiis ejus, et dracones in palatiis deliciarum", significat illa adulterata et falsificata in doctrinis illorum.
[15] Describitur Babel similiter in aliis locis apud Prophetas:
– Ut apud Jeremiam,
Gladie, contra Babelem; "gladie, contra thesauros ejus ut diripiantur; siccitas super aquas ut exarescant, quia terra sculptilium illa, et de horrendis gloriantur; ideo habitabunt tziim cum ijim, et habitabunt in ea filiae noctuae; non sedebit amplius in aeternum, nec inhabitabit usque in generationem et generationem: juxta eversionem Dei, Sodomam et Gomorrham, et vicinas ejus, ... non habitabit ibi vir, neque commorabitur in ea filius hominis" (50:35, 37-40).
Apud eundem,
"Fugite e medio Babelis, et eripite vir animam suam, ne exscindamini ob iniquitatem ejus: .... calix auri Babel in manu Jehovae, inebrians universam terram, de vino ejus biberunt gentes, ideo insaniunt gentes: subito cecidit Babel, et confracta est. .... Ecce Ego contra te, mons perdens, dictum Jehovae, perdens universam terram: et extendam manum meam contra te, ut devolvant te de petris, et dem te in montem combustionis: nec sumant de te lapidem pro angulo. .... Erit Babel in acervos, habitaculum draconum, stuporem et sibilum, nec habitator" (51:6-8, 25, 26, 37).
Apud Esaiam,
"Jam audi" Babel "sedens secure, dicens in corde suo, Ego et non sicut ego praeterea, non sedebo vidua, nec cognoscam orbitatem: atque venient tibi duo ista momento in die uno, orbitas et viduitas, plene venient super te, propter multitudinem praestigiarum tuarum, ob magnitudinem incantationum tuarum plurimam: confisa enim es in malitia tua, (dixisti, ) Non videns Me; sapientia tua et scientia tua seduxit te, dum dixisti in corde tuo, Ego, et non sicut ego praeterea: ideo veniet super te malum, quod non scies deprecari, et cadet super te calamitas, quam non poteris expiare; et veniet super te subito devastatio, non scies" (47:8-11):
ita describitur destructio Babelis non solum ibi, sed etiam In toto capite 47 apud Esaiam; ac in toto capite 50 et in toto capite 51 apud Jeremiam; tum cap. 21:8, 9, apud Esaiam; Psalms 137:1, 8, 9, apud Davidem. Etiam adulteratio boni et falsificatio veri a Judaeis describitur per scortationes illorum in Aegypto, et dein cum filiis Aschuris, et demum cum filiis Babelis et cum Chaldaeis (Ezech. cap. 16:1 ad finem; et cap. 23:1 ad finem): et per "scortationem in Aegypto" intelligitur falsificatio veri ex naturali homine, quae fit per fallacias, apparentias et scientifica; per "scortationem eorum cum filiis Aschuris" significatur falsificatio veri ex rationali homine, quae fit per ratiocinationes et per sophistica ex fallaciis, apparentiis et scientificis; per "scortationem eorum cum filiis Babelis et cum Chaldaeis" significatur adulteratio boni et profanatio veri.
[16] Quando itaque filii Israelis prorsus recesserunt a statutis quae erant repraesentativa spiritualium ecclesiae, per quae illis communicatio fuit cum caelo, tunc omnes dati sunt in manus regis Assyriae, non enim amplius apud illos fuit aliqua ecclesia repraesentativa, et inde nec aliqua communicatio cum caelo. De praevaricationibus illorum, et de transportatione illorum a rege Assyriae in urbes ejus, et quoque in Babelem, videatur 2 Regnum 17:1 ad fin. Simile factum est cum Judaeis; illi postquam ita adulteraverunt et profanaverunt omnia statuta, judicia et leges, quae repraesentabant bonum amoris et verum fidei, ut nihil boni et veri amplius superesset, et cum inde ecclesia illorum facta est Babylonia, tunc dati sunt in manum Nebuchadnezaris regis Babelis; non modo reges et principes eorum, et universus populus, sed etiam omnes thesauri domus Jehovae, et postea omnia vasa aurea ejus, et insuper ipsum templum combustum est (De quibus videatur 2 Regnum 24:1-20; 25:1-26: et praeterea Esaias 20:17, 18; Esaias 39:6, 7; Jeremias 20:4, 5; 21:4-10; 25:1-12; 27:6-22; 28:1-16; 29:1-21; 32:1-5; 34:1-7, 18-22; 35:11; 38:17-23; 39:2-18; 41:1-12; 52:1 ad finem). Transgressiones eorum fuerunt,
Quod Hierosolymam impleverint sanguine innocente (2 Regnum 24:4);
Quod suffiverint Baali, libaverint libamina diis aliis, quod posuerint abominationes in domo Jehovae, aedificaverint excelsa Baali, in valle Hinnomi traduxerint filios et filias suas Molecho (Jeremias 32:29-30):
per quae omnia significatur profanatio sanctorum ecclesiae; qualis profanatio etiam significatur per "Babelem": quare ne terra, per quam significabatur ecclesia, ab illis amplius profanaretur, et quoque ut Babel inde repraesentationem suam plene indueret, dictum fuit illis a Jeremia ut se sponte darent in manus regis Babelis, et qui se non darent, sed remanerent in terra, morerentur gladio, fame, et peste (Jeremias 25:1-11).
[17] Verum quoniam Dominus in illa gente nasceretur, ac Se manifestaret ubi tunc fuit ecclesia, et ubi Ipsius Verbum, ideo gens illa post septuaginta annorum captivitatem a Babele reducta fuit, et templum reaedificatum est; sed usque non alia ecclesia quam similis ecclesiae quae vocatur "Babylonia", apud illos permansit, ut constare potest ex pluribus quae Ipse Dominus de gente illa locutus est, et quomodo Ipsum receperunt; quare Hierosolyma denuo destructa est, et templum igne combustum.
[18] In genere sciendum est quod omnis ecclesia in principio sit sicut virgo, sed progressu temporis fiat meretrix; per gradus enim intrat in vitam mali, et inde amplectitur doctrinam falsi, sicut per gradus incipit amare semet et mundum; et tunc ab ecclesia fit vel Babylonia vel Philisthaea; Babylonia ab illis qui se super omnia amant, et Philisthaea ab illis qui mundum super omnia amant; nam sicut illi bini amores crescunt, ita homines ecclesiae adulterant et falsificant bona et vera Verbi, quod est a virgine fieri meretrix.
[19] Quod ecclesia prima post diluvium etiam Babylonia facta fuisset, nisi Dominus per dispersionem religionis illorum conatum impedivisset, repraesentatur et significatur per "turrim quae pertingeret usque in caelum", quam posteri Noachi ingressi sunt aedificare (de qua, cap. 11:1-9 Geneseos; quae singillatim explicata sunt in Arcanis Caelestibus, a n. 1283 ad 1328). Postquam ex Verbo ostensum est quid per "Babelem" seu "Babyloniam" in genere et in specie significatur, accincti transire possumus ad explicandum illa quae in hoc et in sequente capite de Babylonia et de ejus exitio praedicta sunt.