3147、“又拿水洗他的脚”表示那里的洁净。这从“拿水洗”和“脚”的含义清楚可知：“拿水洗”或用水洗是指洁净，如下文所述；“脚”是指属世事物，或也可说，属世人中的事物（参看2162节）。在代表性教会，用水洗脚是一种礼仪行为，以此表示洗去属世人的污秽。属世人的污秽就是属于爱自己和爱世界的一切事物；当这种污秽被洗去时，良善和真理就会流入，因为唯独这种污秽阻碍良善和真理从主流入。
良善不断从主流入，但当这良善经由内在人或属灵人抵达外在人或属世人时，它在那里要么被败坏，要么被挡回去，要么被扼杀。不过，当属于爱自己和爱世界的东西被移除时，良善就在那里被接受，并结出果实，因为这时人实践仁爱的行为。这一点可从多种考虑清楚看出来，如在不幸、困苦和患病时，属于外在人或属世人的东西只是被催眠，或沉寂下来，这人随即开始虔诚思考并意愿良善，也开始尽可能地实践敬虔的行为。但当这种状态改变时，这些事也会改变。
这就是各种“洗”在古教会所表示的、在犹太教会所代表的。它们之所以在古教会表示这些事，在犹太教会代表这些事，是因为古教会成员将这种仪式视为敬拜的某种外在行为。他们并不相信他们通过这种洗被洁净了，而是认为他们通过洗去属世人的污秽被洁净；如前所述，属世人的污秽就是属于爱自己和爱世界的东西。但犹太教会成员却真的以为他通过这种洗被洁净了，因为他既不知道，也不想知道它表示一个人的内层的洁净。
“洗”表示洗去那污秽，这一点清楚可见于以赛亚书：
你们要洗濯，自洁，从我眼前除掉你们的恶行，要止住作恶。（以赛亚书1:16）
显然，此处“洗濯”表示洁净自己，除去邪恶。又：
主要用审判的灵和洁净的灵洗去锡安女儿的污秽，又从它中间除净耶路撒冷的血。（以赛亚书4:4）
此处“洗去锡安女儿的污秽，除净耶路撒冷的血”表示洁除邪恶和虚假。耶利米书：
耶路撒冷啊，要洗去你内心的邪恶，使你可以得救。罪孽的想法存在你里面要到几时呢？（耶利米书4:14）
以西结书：
我用水洗你，从你身上洗净你的血，又用油抹你。（以西结书16:9）
这论及耶路撒冷，耶路撒冷在此表示古教会。“用水洗”表示洁除虚假，“洗净血”表示洁除邪恶，“用油抹”表示然后充满良善。诗篇：
求你洗净我的罪孽，并洁除我的罪！求你用牛膝草洁净我，我就干净；求你洗涤我，我就比雪更白。（诗篇51:2， 7）
此处“洗涤”明显表示洁除邪恶及其虚假。
这些就是在代表性教会中“洗”所表示的事。为了代表的缘故，当人们变得不洁，需要洁净时，该教会就要求他们洗皮肤、手、脚，以及衣服。这一切都表示属于属世人的东西。同样为了代表的缘故，铜造的洗濯盆，即列王纪上（7:23-39）所提到的“铜海和十个铜盆”被安在圣殿外面；亚伦和他儿子用来洗濯的铜盆也被安在会幕和祭坛之间，因而安在会幕外面（出埃及记30:18， 19， 21）；它们也表示需要被洁净的，仅仅是外在事物或属世事物。除非它们被洁净，也就是说，属于爱自己和爱世界的东西被除去，否则属于爱主和爱邻的内在事物决不能流入，如前所述。
为更好地理解这些事，也就是说，外在事物需要被洁净，以好行为，或也可说，如今被称为信之果子的仁之良善为例来说明；这些都是外在事物，因为它们是仁爱的行为。如果属于爱自己和爱世界的东西不除去，好行为就是坏行为。在除去这些东西之前所做的好行为表面上的确看似良善，但里面却是邪恶。事实上，所做的这些行为要么是为了名声，要么是为了利益，要么是为了地位或回报；因此，它们要么是自以为义或寻求功德的，要么是虚伪的；因为属于爱自己和爱世界的东西使这些行为如此。但当这些邪恶被除去时，这些行为就变成良善，并且是仁之良善。也就是说，它们不关注自我、世界、名声或回报，因而不是自以为义或寻求功德的，也不是虚伪的，因为在这种情况下，属天之爱和属灵之爱从主流入这些行为，并使它们成为行为上的爱和仁。与此同时，主也利用这些爱洁净属世人或外在人，并重组它，以对应地接受所流入的属天和属灵事物。
这一点从主给门徒洗脚时所教导的话很清楚地看出来，如我们在约翰福音中读到：
祂到了西门彼得跟前，彼得对祂说，主啊，你洗我的脚吗？耶稣回答他说，我所做的，你现在不知道，以后会明白。彼得对祂说，你永不可洗我的脚。耶稣回答他，我若不洗你，你就与我无份了。西门彼得对祂说，主啊，不单我的脚，还有我的手和头呢！耶稣对他说，凡洗过澡的人，全身都干净了，只需要洗脚；你们是干净的，然而不都是干净的。（约翰福音13:4-17）
“凡洗过澡的人，只需要洗脚”表示已经被改造的人只需洁净属世事物，也就是说，只需将邪恶和虚假从属世事物中除去。这时，主会通过属灵事物的流注重组一切事物。此外，“洗脚”是一种仁爱行为，意思是不要老想着别人的过错或邪恶；“洗脚”也是一种谦卑行为，意思是要清除别人的过错或邪恶，如同清除身体的污垢；这也可从主的话明显看出来（约翰福音13:12-17；路加福音7:37-38， 44， 46；约翰福音11:2；撒母耳记上25:41）。
谁都能看出，清洗自己永远不会洁除一个人的邪恶和虚假，仅仅是洗去附在他身上的污垢。然而，由于洗礼是该教会所规定的仪式之一，所以可知，这种做法涉及某种具体意义，即涉及属灵的洗礼，也就是洁除从内心粘附于人的污秽。因此，该教会中那些知道这些事，然后思想洁净内心，或除去属世人中爱自己和爱世界的邪恶，并竭尽全力如此行的人，按照规定作为一种敬拜的外在行为来参与洗礼仪式。但那些不知道、也不想知道这些事，反以为仅洗衣、洗皮肤、手和脚这样的仪式就会洁净他们，并且只要做了这些事，他们就可以继续活在贪婪、仇恨、报复、无情和残忍（这一切构成属灵的污秽）之中的人，执行这种仪式就是进行偶像崇拜。尽管如此，他们仍能通过这种仪式去代表，并通过代表来呈现教会的某种东西，从而在主降临之前，天堂与人类能由此有某种结合。但这种结合是这样：天堂对该教会成员影响很小，或根本没有任何影响。
犹太人和以色列人是这样：他们根本不思想内在人，也不想知道关于它的任何事，因而对关系到死后生活的属天和属灵事物一无所知。然而，为了防止与天堂、因而与主的一切联系彻底消亡，他们被紧紧绑定在表示内在事物的外在仪式上。他们所遭遇的一切被掳和灾祸，总的目的就是确保外在仪式可以为了代表的缘故而被严格执行。这就是给出以下律法的原因，即：摩西要在会幕门口用水洗亚伦和他的儿子，好让他们分别为圣（出埃及记29:4；40:12；利未记8:6）。亚伦和他儿子在进入会幕，或就近供职的祭坛之前，要洗手洗脚，免得死亡；并且这要作他们永远的定例（出埃及记30:18-21；40:30-31）。亚伦在穿圣衣，或供职的衣服之前要洗身（利未记16:4， 24）。要用除罪水弹在利未人身上，以洁净他们；又叫他们用剃头刀刮全身，洗衣服，从而洁净自己（民数记8:6-7）。凡吃洁净动物的尸体，或被撕裂的尸体的，都要用水洗衣洗澡；他若不洗澡洗身，必担当自己的罪孽（利未记17:15-16）。凡摸了患漏症人的床，或坐那人所坐器皿的，或凡摸那人身体的，都要用水洗衣洗澡，并且必不洁净到晚上（利未记15:5-7， 10-12等）。那放走公山羊归与阿撒泻勒的人要洗身（利未记16:26）。当一个麻风病人洁净时，他要洗衣服，剃去他所有的头发，用水洗自己，就会洁净（利未记14:8-9）。甚至不洁之人摸过的器皿本身也变得不洁，要放在水中，并且必不洁净到晚上（利未记11:32）。从这一切律法可以看出，没有人通过洗礼的仪式而在内在事物上变得洁净或纯洁；相反，洗只是因上述原因而代表纯洁或属灵的洁净。主在马太福音（15:1-20）和马可福音（7:1-23）非常明确地教导了这一点。
Potts(1905-1910) 3147
3147. And water to wash his feet. That this signifies purification there, is evident from the signification of "water for washing," or of washing with water, as being to purify (concerning which presently); and from the signification of "feet," as being natural things, or what is the same, the things in the natural man (see n. 2162). In the representative church it was customary to wash the feet with water, and thereby to signify that the unclean things of the natural man were washed away. The unclean things of the natural man are all those things which are of the love of self and of the love of the world; and when these unclean things have been washed away, then goods and truths flow in, for it is solely these unclean things that hinder the influx of good and truth from the Lord. [2] For good is continually flowing in from the Lord, but when it comes through the internal or spiritual man to his external or natural man, it is there either perverted, turned back, or suffocated. But when the things which are of the love of self and of the love of the world are removed, then good is received there and is made fruitful; for then man practices the works of charity. This is evident from many considerations; as when in misfortune, distress, and sickness, the things that belong to the external or natural man are merely lulled, the man forthwith begins to think piously and to will what is good, and also to practice works of piety insofar as he is able; but when the state is changed, there is a change also in all this. [3] These things were signified by the washings in the Ancient Church, and the same were represented in the Jewish Church, The reason why they were signified in the Ancient Church, but represented in the Jewish church, was that the man of the Ancient Church regarded the rite as a something external in worship, and did not believe that he was purified by that washing, but by the washing away of the impurities of the natural man, which as before said are the things which are of the love of self and of the world. But the man of the Jewish Church believed that he was purified by that washing; neither knowing nor desiring to know that the purification of the interiors was signified. [4] That by "washing" is signified a cleansing from the impurities referred to, is evident in Isaiah:
Wash you, make you clean, put away the evil of your doings from before Mine eyes, cease to do evil (Isa. 1:16);
where it is evident that to "wash themselves" means to make themselves pure and to put away evils. Again:
When the Lord shall have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion, and shall have purged the blood of Jerusalem from the midst thereof, in the spirit of judgment and in the spirit of expurgation (Isa. 4:4);
where "washing away the filth of the daughters of Zion, and purging the blood of Jerusalem," denotes purifying from evils and falsities. In Jeremiah:
O Jerusalem, wash thy heart from wickedness, that thou mayest be saved. How long shall the thoughts of thine iniquity lodge within thee? (Jer. 4:14). [5] In Ezekiel:
I washed thee with water, and I washed away thy bloods from upon thee, and anointed thee with oil (Jer. 16:9);
concerning Jerusalem, by which is there meant the Ancient Church; "washing with waters" denotes purifying from falsities; "washing away bloods" denotes purging from evils; "anointing with oil" denotes filling then with good. In David:
Wash me from mine iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin. Thou shalt purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean; Thou shalt wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow (Ps. 51:2, 7). Here "being washed" plainly denotes being purified from evils and their falsities. [6] These are the things that were signified by "washing" in the representative church; and it was commanded for the sake of the representation that when they had become unclean they should wash the skin, the hands, the feet, and also the garments, and should be cleansed; by all which things were signified those which are of the natural man. Lavers also, of brass, were placed outside the temple, namely, the brazen sea and the ten brazen lavers (1 Kings 7:23-39); and a laver of brass at which Aaron and his sons were to wash was placed between the tent of meeting and the altar; and thus outside the tent (Exod. 30:18, 19, 21); by which also was signified that only external or natural things were to be purified; for unless these have been purified, that is, unless the things that are of the love of self and of the world have been removed, the internal things which are of love to the Lord and toward the neighbor cannot possibly flow in, as before said. [7] For the better understanding of how these things are circumstanced, namely, that external things are to be purified, take as an example and illustration good works, or what is the same, the goods of charity which at this day are called the fruits of faith; these are external things, because they are the exercises of charity. Good works are evil works unless those things are removed which are of the love of self and of the world; for when works are done before these have been removed, they indeed appear good outwardly, but are inwardly evil; for they are done either for the sake of reputation, or for gain, or for the sake of one's honor, or for recompense, thus they are either self-meritorious* or hypocritical; for that which is of the love of self and the world causes the works to be such. But when these evils are removed, the works then become good; and they are goods of charity; that is, in them there is not regard to self, to the world, to reputation, to recompense; thus they are neither self-meritorious nor hypocritical; for then celestial love and spiritual love flow in from the Lord into the works and cause them to be love and charity in act; and then the Lord through these loves also purifies the natural or external man, and disposes it into order, so as to receive correspondently the celestial and spiritual things that flow in. [8] This is clearly evident from what the Lord taught when He washed the feet of the disciples, as we read in John:
Then cometh He to Simon Peter; and Peter saith unto Him, Lord, dost thou wash my feet? Jesus answered and said unto him, What I do thou knowest not now, but thou shalt know hereafter. Peter saith unto Him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with Me. Simon Peter saith unto Him, Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head. Jesus saith to him, He that hath been washed, needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit; ye are clean already, but not all (John 13:4-17). "He that hath been washed, needeth not save to wash his feet" signifies that he who has been reformed, has need only to be cleansed as to natural things, that is, has need that evils and falsities should be removed from them; and then all things are disposed into order by the influx of spiritual things from the Lord. Moreover to wash the feet was an office of charity, as meaning not to reflect on the evils of another; and it was also an office of humility, as meaning to cleanse another from evils as from impurities; as also is evident from the Lord's words in the passage just quoted (verses 12-17; also Luke 7:37, 38, 44, 46; John 11:2; 1 Sam. 25:41). [9] Everybody can see that washing himself does not purify anyone from evils and falsities, but only from the impurities that cling to him; nevertheless, as washing was among the rites commanded in the church, it follows that it involves something special, namely, spiritual washing, that is, purification from the uncleannesses which inwardly adhere to man. Therefore they who knew these things in that church, and thought about the purification of the heart, or the removal of the evils of the love of self and of the love of the world from the natural man, and who endeavored to effect this with all diligence, observed the rite of washing as external worship according to commandment; but those who did not know this and did not desire to know it, but thought that the mere rite of washing their garments, skin, hands, and feet, would purify them, and that provided they did these things they might be allowed to live in avarice, hatreds, revenge, unmercifulness, and cruelties, which are spiritual impurity, practiced this rite as an idolatrous one. Nevertheless they could represent by it, and by representation exhibit something of the church, whereby there might be some conjunction of heaven with man before the Lord's advent; yet such conjunction as affected the man of the church little or not at all. [10] The Jews and Israelites were such that they had no thought about the internal man, nor willingness to know anything about it; thus none at all concerning celestial and spiritual things, relating to the life after death. But yet lest all communication with heaven and thus with the Lord should perish, they were bound to external rites, whereby internal things were signified. All their captivities and plagues were in general for the end that external rites might be strictly observed for the sake of the representation. Hence then it was that Moses washed Aaron and his sons with water at the door of the tent, that they might be sanctified (Exod. 29:4; 40:12; Lev. 8:6); that Aaron and his sons were to wash their hands and feet before they entered into the tent of meeting and came near to the altar to minister, that they might not die; and that this was to be to them a statute forever (Exod. 30:18-21; 40:30-31); that Aaron was to wash his flesh before he put on the garments of ministry (Lev. 16:4, 24); that the Levites were to be purified by being sprinkled with the water of expiation; and that they were to cause a razor to pass over their flesh, and to wash their garments, and thus should be pure (Num. 8:6-7); that whoever should eat the carcass even of a clean beast, or one that was torn, should wash his garments, and bathe himself in water; and if he did not wash himself and bathe his flesh, he should bear his iniquity (Lev. 17:15-16); that whoever touched the bed of one affected with the flux, or who sat upon a vessel on which he had sat, and whoever touched his flesh, should wash his garments, and bathe himself with water, and should be unclean till the evening (Lev. 15:5-7, 10-12); that whoever let go the he-goat, as a scape-goat, should wash his flesh (Lev. 16:26); that when a leprous person was cleansed, he was to wash his garments, shave off all his hair, and wash himself with water, and he should be clean (Lev. 14:8, 9); nay, that the very vessels which were made unclean by the touch of things unclean, should be passed through water, and should be unclean until evening (Lev. 11:32). From these things it may be seen that no one was made clean or pure as to internal things by the rite of washing, but only represented one pure or spiritually clean, for the reason given above. That this is so, the Lord teaches plainly in Matthew (15:1-2, 20), and in Mark (7:1-23). * The words "merit," "to merit," and "meritorious," are used by Swedenborg in a bad sense, meaning self-merit, etc., except when applied to the Lord. [Reviser.]
Elliott(1983-1999) 3147
3147. 'And water to wash his feet' means purification there. This is clear from the meaning of 'water to wash' or 'washing with water' as purifying, dealt with below, and from the meaning of 'feet' as natural things, or what amounts to the same, those things that are in the natural man, dealt with in 2162. In the representative Church washing feet with water was a ceremonial act which meant washing away the filth of the natural man. The filth of the natural man is composed of all the things that belong to self-love and love of the world, and when such filth has been washed away goods and truths flow in, for that filth alone is what hinders the influx of good and truth from the Lord.
[2] For good is flowing in constantly from the Lord, but when by way of the internal or spiritual man it reaches the external or natural man it is either perverted there, or turned away, or stifled. But when indeed the things that belong to self-love and love of the world are removed, good is received there, and bears fruit there, since the person now performs the works of charity. This may become clear from many considerations, such as this: When the things that belong to the external or natural man are quiescent - as they are in times of ill- fortune, wretchedness, and sickness - a person instantly starts to become spiritually-minded and to will what is good, and also to perform acts of devotion insofar as he is able. But when that state alters, these things are altered too.
[3] In the Ancient Church 'washings' were signs meaning these things, and in the Jewish Church the same were representations. The reason why in the Ancient Church they were meaningful signs but in the Jewish Church representations was that members of the Ancient Church regarded that custom as some external act of worship. Nor did they believe that they were purified by that kind of washing but by a washing away of the filth of the natural man, which, as has been stated, is composed of the things that belong to self-love and love of the world. But the member of the Jewish Church did believe that he was purified by such washing, for he did not know, and did not wish to know, that the purifying of a person's interior self was meant.
[4] That 'washing' means the washing away of that filth is clear in Isaiah,
Wash yourselves; purify yourselves; remove the evil of your doings from before My eyes; cease to do evil. Isa 1:16.
Here it is evident that 'washing themselves' means purifying themselves and removing evils. In the same prophet,
When the Lord will have washed the excrement of the daughters of Zion and washed away the blood of Jerusalem from its midst in a spirit of judgement and in a spirit of purging. Isa 4:4.
Here 'washing the excrement of the daughters of Zion and washing away the blood of Jerusalem' stands for purifying from evils and falsities. In Jeremiah,
Wash your heart from wickedness, O Jerusalem, that you may be saved. How long will your iniquitous thoughts lodge within you? Jer 4:14.
[5] In Ezekiel,
I washed you with water, and washed away the blood from upon you, and anointed you with oil. Ezek 16:9.
This refers to Jerusalem, which is used here to mean the Ancient Church. 'Washing with water' stands for purifying from falsities, 'washing away the blood' for purging from evils, 'anointing with oil' for filling with good at that time. In David,
Wash me from my iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin. You will purge me with hyssop and I shall be clean; You will wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow. Ps 51:2, 7.
'Being washed' plainly stands for being purified from evils and derivative falsities.
[6] These were the things that were meant by 'washing' in the Representative Church. For the sake of the representation, when they had been made unclean and needed to be cleansed, people were commanded in that Church to wash the skin, hands, feet, and also their garments. All these meant things that belong to the natural man. Also for the sake of the representation, lavers made of bronze were placed outside the Temple - that is to say, 'the bronze sea and the ten bronze lavers' mentioned in 1 Kings 7:23-29; there was also the bronze laver from which Aaron and his sons were to wash themselves, placed between the Tent of Meeting and the Altar, and so outside the Tent of Meeting, Exod. 30:18, 19, 21 - the meaning of which was that only external or natural things needed to be purified. And unless they have been purified, that is, unless things belonging to self-love and love of the world have been removed from them, internal things which belong to love to the Lord and towards the neighbour cannot possibly flow in, as stated above.
[7] To enable these matters to be understood more easily, that is to say, regarding the need for external things to be purified, let good works - or what amounts to the same, the goods of charity, which are at the present day called the fruits of faith, and which, since they are actions, are external - serve to exemplify and illustrate the point: Good works are bad works unless the things belonging to self-love and love of the world are removed. For until these have been removed works, when performed, are good to outward appearance but are inwardly bad. They are inwardly bad because they are done either for the sake of reputation, or for financial gain, or for improvement of one's position, or for reward. They are accordingly either merit-seeking or hypocritical, for the things that belong to self-love and love of the world cause those works to be such. But when indeed these evils are removed, works become good, and are the goods of charity. That is to say, they are done regardless of self, the world, reputation, or reward, and so are not merit-seeking or hypocritical, because in that case celestial love and spiritual love flow from the Lord into those works and cause them to be love and charity in action. And at the same time the Lord also purifies the natural or external man by means of those things and orders it so that that man receives correspondingly the celestial and spiritual things that flow in.
[8] This becomes quite clear from what the Lord taught when He washed the disciples' feet: In John,
He came to Simon Peter, who said to Him, Lord, do You wash my feet? Jesus answered and said to him, What I am doing you do not know now, but you will know afterwards. Peter said to Him, You will never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, If I do not wash you, you have no part with Me. Simon Peter said to Him, Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and head! Jesus said to him, He who is washed has no need except that his feet be washed, but is clean all over. Now you are clean, but not all of you. John 13:4-17.
'He who is washed has no need except that his feet be washed' means that anyone who has been reformed needs to be cleansed only in regard to natural things, that is, to have evils and falsities removed from them. For when that happens all is ordered by the influx of spiritual things from the Lord. Furthermore 'feet-washing' was an act of charity, meaning that one ought not to dwell on the evils of another person. It was also an act of humility, meaning the cleansing of another from evils, like filth from the body, as also becomes clear from the Lord's words in verses 12-17 of that chapter in John, and also in Luke 7:37, 38, 44, 46; John 11:2; 1 Sam. 25:41.
[9] Anyone may see that washing himself does not purify a person from evils and falsities, only from the filth that clings to him. Yet because it belonged among the religious observances commanded in the Church it follows that it embodies some special idea, namely spiritual washing, which is purification from the filth that clings to man inwardly. Members of that Church therefore who knew these things and thought of purification of the heart, that is, the removal of the evils of self-love and love of the world from the natural man, and tried to achieve it with utmost zeal, practiced ritual washing as an external act of worship, as commanded. But among those who did not know and did not wish to know those things but who supposed that the mere ritual act of washing garments, skin, hands, and feet would purify them, and who supposed that provided they performed such rituals they would be allowed to continue leading lives of avarice, hatred, revenge, mercilessness, and cruelty - all of which constitute spiritual filth - the performance of the ritual was idolatrous. Nevertheless by means of that ritual they were still able to represent, and by means of the representation to display, some vestige of a Church, by means of which heaven was in a way joined to mankind prior to the Lord's Coming. But that conjunction was such that heaven had little or no influence at all on the member of that Church.
[10] The Jews and Israelites were such that they did not think at all of the internal man, nor did they wish to know anything about the same. Thus they knew absolutely nothing about the celestial and spiritual things which belong to the life after death. Nevertheless to prevent the end of all communication with heaven and so with the Lord, they were bound to the performance of external observances by which internal things were meant. All their captivities and plagues were in general to the end that external observances might be duly carried out for the sake of the representation. It was for this reason that the following laws were given:
Moses was to wash Aaron and his sons with water at the tent door, to sanctify them. Exod. 29:4; 40:12; Lev. 8:6.
Aaron and his sons were to wash their hands and feet before entering the Tent of Meeting and approaching the Altar to minister, lest they died. This was to them a statute for ever. Exod. 30:18-21; 40:30, 31.
Before putting on his vestments Aaron was to wash his flesh. Lev. 16:4, 24.
Levites were to be purified by sprinkling the water of expiation over them, passing a razor over their flesh, and washing their clothes - then they were pure. Num. 8:6, 7.
Anyone who ate the carcass of a clean animal,a or that which had been torn to pieces, was to wash his clothes and bathe himself with water, and if he did not wash himself and bathe his flesh he would bear his iniquity. Lev. 17:15, 16.
Anyone who touched the bed of a person who had a discharge, or sat on a vessel on which that person had sat, and anyone who touched that person's flesh was to wash his clothes and to bathe himself with water, and be unclean until the evening. Lev. 15:5-7, 10-1:and following verses.
The person who sent the goat away to Azazel was to wash his flesh. Lev. 16:26.
When a leper was to be cleansed he was to wash his clothes, shave off all his hair, wash himself in water, and then he would be clean. Lev. 14:8, 9.
Even vessels themselves which had become unclean through contact with unclean persons were made to go through water and be unclean until the evening. Lev. 11:32.
From all these laws it may be seen that nobody was made clean or pure internally through ritual washing, but that such a person merely represented him who was pure or spiritually clean, for the reason stated above. The Lord teaches the same quite explicitly in Matt. 15:1-20; Mark 7:1-23.
Latin(1748-1756) 3147
3147. `Et aquam ad lavandum pedes ejus': quod significet purificationem ibi, constat ex significatione `aquae ad lavandum' seu `lavare aqua' quod sit purificare, de qua sequitur; et a significatione `pedum' quod sint naturalia, seu quod idem, illa quae sunt in naturali homine, de qua n. 2162. In Ecclesia Repraesentativa sollemne fuit aqua `lavare pedes,' et per id significare quod sordes naturalis hominis abluerentur; sordes naturalis hominis sunt omnia illa quae sunt amoris sui et amoris mundi, quae sordes cum ablutae sunt, tunc bona et vera influunt, sunt enim unice illae quae impediunt influxum boni et veri a Domino; [2] bonum enim continue a Domino influit, sed cum per internum seu spiritualem hominem ad ejus externum seu naturalem venit, illud ibi vel pervertitur, vel reflectitur, vel suffocatur; at vero cum removentur illa quae amoris sui et mundi sunt, tunc bonum ibi recipitur, et ibi fructificatur, nam tunc homo opera charitatis exercet; ut constare a multis potest, ut cum modo sopiuntur illa quae sunt externi seu naturalis hominis, ut in infortuniis, miseriis et morbis, tunc homo ilico incipit pie cogitare et bonum velle, et quoque pietatis opera exercere quantum potest; at mutato statu etiam haec mutantur: [3] haec per `lavationes' significabantur in Ecclesia Antiqua; et eadem repraesentabantur in Ecclesia Judaica; quod illa in Ecclesia Antiqua significarentur, sed in Ecclesia Judaica repraesentarentur, erat quia homo Ecclesiae Antiquae spectabat illum ritum ut quoddam externum in cultu, nec credebat, quod per lavationem purificaretur, sed per ablutionem sordium naturalis hominis, quae, ut dictum, sunt illa quae sunt amoris sui et mundi; at homo Ecclesiae Judaicae credebat quod per lavationem purificaretur, nesciens nec scire volens quod significaretur purificatio interiorum. [4] Quod per lavationem significetur ablutio a sordibus illis, constat apud Esaiam, Lavate vos, purificate vos, removete malum operum vestrorum a coram oculis Meis; cessate malum facere, i 16;ubi `lavare se' quod sit purificare se et removere mala, patet: apud eundem, Cum laverit Dominus excrementum filiarum Zionis, et sanguines Hierosolymae abluerit e medio ejus, in spiritu judicii, et in spiritu expurgationis, iv 4;
ubi `lavare excrementum filiarum Zionis, et sanguines Hierosolymae abluere' pro purificare a malis et falsis: apud Jeremiam, Ablue a malitia cor tuum, Hierosolyma, propterea ut salveris. Quamdiu commorabuntur in medio tui cogitationes iniquitatis tuae? iv 14:
[5] apud Ezechielem, Lavi te aquis, et ablui sanguines a super te, et unxi te oleo, xvi 9;
de `Hierosolyma' per quam ibi intelligitur Ecclesia Antiqua; `lavare aquis' pro purificare a falsis, `abluere sanguines' pro purgare a malis, `ungere oleo' pro implere bono tunc: apud Davidem, Lava me ab iniquitate mea, et a peccato meo munda me;
expiabis me hyssopo, et mundabor, lavabis me, et prae nive albus ero, Ps. li [4], 9 [A.V. 2, 7];
[6] `lavari' manifeste pro purificari a malis et falsis inde. Haec erant quae significabantur per `lavare' in Ecclesia Repraesentativa; mandatum ibi repraesentationis causa ut lavarent cutem, manus, pedes, et quoque vestes, quando immundi facti ac mundarentur, per quae omnia significabantur illa quae naturalis hominis sunt; etiam lavacra, quae omnia, ponebantur extra Templum, nempe `mare aeneum, et labra decem aenea,' 1 Reg. vii 23-39; ac labrum aeris ex quo se lavarent Aharon et filii ejus, positum erat inter Tentorium conventus et Altare, ita quoque extra Tentorium Exod. xxx 18, 19, 21, quo etiam {1}significatum, quod solum externa seu naturalia purificarentur; quae nisi purificata sint, hoc est, inde remota quae amoris sui et mundi sunt, nusquam possunt interna quae sunt amoris in Dominum et erga proximum, influere, ut supra dictum; [7] ut `melius' sciatur quomodo haec se habeant, nempe quod externa purificanda sint, sint exemplo et illustrationi bona opera, seu quod idem, bona charitatis quae hodie fructus fidei vocantur, haec sunt externa quia exercitia; bona opera sunt mala opera nisi removeantur illa quae sunt amoris sui et mundi, nam opera cum fiunt antequam haec remota sunt, apparent extus bona, sed sunt intus mala, fiunt enim vel propter famam, vel propter lucrum, vel propter sui honorem, vel propter remunerationem, {2}ita sunt vel meritoria vel hypocritica, illa enim quae sunt amoris sui et mundi faciunt opera illa talia; at vero cum removentur mala haec, tunc opera fiunt bona, ac sunt bona charitatis, nempe in illis non respectus sui, mundi, famae, remunerationis, ita {3}illa non meritoria nec hypocritica, influit enim tunc amor caelestis et amor spiritualis a Domino in opera, et faciunt haec ut sint amor et charitas actu; ac tunc Dominus per illa quoque purificat naturalem seu externum hominem, ac eum in ordinem disponit ut recipiat correspondenter caelestia et spiritualia quae influunt; [8] quod manifeste constare potest ab illis quae Dominus docuit, cum lavit pedes discipulorum; apud Johannem, Venit ad Simonem Petrum, qui dicit Ipsi, Domine, Tune meos lavas pedes? respondit Jesus et dixit illi, Quod Ego facio, tu non scis adhuc, cognosces vero post haec; dicit Ipsi Petrus, Non lavabis pedes meos in aeternum; respondit illi Jesus, Si non lavero te, non habes partem Mecum; dicit Ipsi Simon Petrus, Domine, non pedes meos tantum, sed et manus et caput; dicit illi Jesus, Qui lotus est, non opus habet nisi ut quoad pedes lavetur, sed mundus est totus; jam vos mundi estis, non tamen omnes, xiii 4-17;
(m)'qui lotus est, non opus habet nisi ut quoad pedes lavetur' significat quod qui reformatus est, modo opus habeat mundari quoad naturalia, hoc est, ut inde removeantur mala et falsa, omnia tunc disponuntur in ordinem per influxum spiritualium a Domino(n): {4}praeterea `lavare pedes' erat charitatis, quod nempe non (x)reflecteret super mala alterius; et quoque erat humiliationis, quod nempe alterum a malis, quasi a sordibus, mundaret, ut quoque a Domini verbis ibi vers. 12-17 constare potest, etiam Luc. vii 37, 38, 44, 46; Joh. xi 2; 1 Sam. xxv 41. [9] Quisque videre potest quod lavare {5}se non aliquem purificet a malis et falsis, sed solum a sordibus quae eis adhaerent; at quia inter ritus in Ecclesia mandatos fuit, sequitur quod involvat aliquid {6}peculiare, nempe lavationem spiritualem, hoc est, purificationem ab illis sordibus quae intus adhaerent homini: qui itaque inter illos noverunt haec, et cogitarunt de purificatione cordis, seu remotione malorum amoris sui et mundi e naturali homini, et omni studio hoc conabantur facere, illi obierunt ritum lavationis ut cultum externum ex mandato; at qui non noverunt hoc, nec voluerunt nosse, sed cogitarunt quod solus ritus lavandi vestes, cutem, manus, pedes purificaret eos, et modo talia fecerint, liceret eis in avaritia, in odiis, vindictis, immisericordia, saevitiis, quae sunt sordes spirituales, vivere, illi ritum hunc coluerunt ut idololatricum; at usque per illum repraesentare potuerunt, et per repraesentationem aliquid Ecclesiae sistere per quod conjunctio aliqua esset caeli cum homine antequam venit Dominus, sed talis conjunctio ut hominem {7}ipsius Ecclesiae parum vel nihil afficeret; [10] Judaei et Israelitae tales erant ut nihil prorsus cogitarent de interno homine, nec aliquid de illo scire vellent, ita nihil prorsus de caelestibus et spiritualibus quae sunt vitae post mortem, sed usque ne periret omnis communicatio cum caelo, et sic cum Domino, obstringebantur ad ritus externos per quos significabantur interna; omnes illorum captivitates et plagae erant in genere ob illum finem, ut externa rite observarentur repraesentationis causa: inde nunc erat, Quod Moses Aharonem et filios ejus ad ostium tentorii lavaret aquis, ut sanctificarentur, Exod. xxix 4; xl 12; Lev. viii 6;
Quod Aharon et filii ejus lavarent manus et pedes, antequam intrarent in tentorium conventus, et accederent ad altare ad ministrandum, ut non morerentur, et quod hoc esset illis statutum saeculi, Exod. xxx 18-21; xl 30, 31;
Quod Aharon, antequam indueret vestes ministerii, lavaret carnem suam, Lev. xvi 4, 24;
Quod Levitae purificarentur, per quod aspergerentur aqua expiationis, quodque transire facerent novaculam super carnem suam, et lavarent vestes suas et sic puri essent, Num. viii 6, 7;
Qui comederet cadaver bestiae mundae, aut discerptum, quod lavaret vestes suas et ablueret se aquis; et si non lavaverit se, et carnem suam abluerit, quod portaret iniquitatem suam, Lev. xvii 15, 16;
Qui tetigerit cubile fluxu affecti, aut qui sederit super vase, super quo ille sederat, quique tetigerit carnem ejus, lavaret vestes, et ablueret se aquis, et immundus esset ad vesperam, Lev. xv 5-7, 10-12, seq.;
Qui emisit {8}hircum in azazel, lavaret carnem suam, Lev. xvi 26;
Cum mundatus esset leprosus, quod lavaret vestes, raderet omnem pilum suum, et lavaret se aquis, ac mundus esset, Lev. xiv 8, 9;
Immo quod ipsa vasa quae immunda facta per contactum immundorum, transigerentur per aquas, et immunda essent ad vesperam, Lev. xi 32. Ex {9}his constare potest, quod nullus per ritum lavationis quoad interna mundus seu purus fieret, sed modo purum seu spiritualiter mundum repraesentaret, ob causam de qua supra; quod ita sit, Dominus manifeste docet apud Matth. xv (x)1-20; Marc. vii 1-23. @1 significabatur$ @2 quare$ @3 nec$ @4 i et$ @5 pedes$ @6 singulare$ @7 illius$ @8 AV translates by `scapegoat,' RV by `goat for Azazel.' In n. 9937, 10023 and AE 730 S regards asasel as the name of the goat.$ @9 quibus$