3305、“人就称他的名为雅各”表示属世真理的教义。这从“称名”或“名叫”的含义清楚可知，“称名”或“名叫”是指性质或品质，如刚才所述（参看3302节）。“雅各”所代表的性质或品质就是属世真理的教义，这从以扫的代表和圣言中提到雅各的大量经文可以看出来，以扫是指属世真理所教导的生活良善（3300节）。有两样事物构成属世层，正如有两样事物构成理性层，事实上构成整个人；其中一样事物与生活有关，另一样事物与教义有关。与生活有关的那样事物属于意愿，而与教义有关的那样事物属于理解力。前者被称为良善，后者被称为真理。这良善由以扫来代表，而这真理则由雅各来代表；或也可说，属世真理所教导的生活良善由以扫来代表，属世真理的教义由雅各来代表。无论你说属世真理所教导的生活良善和属世真理的教义，还是说那些处于这些事物的人，都是一样的，因为生活的良善和真理的教义无法脱离它们的主体而存在。它们若没有主体，就只是一种抽象概念；然而，抽象概念仍关注它们存在于其中的那个人。所以雅各在此表示那些拥有属世真理教义的人。
那些局限于字义的人以为，当圣言提到雅各时，它表示作为雅各后裔的那些人当中的每个人；因此，他们将圣言所说关于雅各的一切话，无论历史还是预言，都归于这些人。但圣言是神性，主要是因为它里面的每一个事物不仅关乎一个民族或人民，还关乎整个人类，即现在、过去和未来的每一个人。不仅如此，它关乎主在天上的国度，在至高意义上则关乎主自己。正是由于这个原因，圣言才是神性。圣言若只适用于一个民族，就纯粹是人类的，它所包含的神性仅仅是存在于那个民族的敬拜中的神圣。谁都能认识到，这种敬拜不存在于被称为“雅各”的人民当中，或说被称为“雅各”的人民，其敬拜没有神圣性。由此明显可知，在圣言中，“雅各”不是指雅各，“以色列”也不是指以色列，因为在预言部分，提到雅各的每个地方几乎也都提到了以色列。若不通过那隐藏天堂奥秘在里面的更深层含义，没有人能知道这一个具体表示什么，那一个具体表示什么。
因此，“雅各”在内义上表示属世真理的教义，或也可说，表示那些拥有这种教义的人，无论他们属于哪个民族。“雅各”在至高意义上表示主，这从以下经文清楚看出来。路加福音：
天使对她说，马利亚，不要怕！你要在子宫里怀孕，生一个儿子，要给祂起名叫耶稣。祂要为大，称为至高者的儿子，主神要把祂祖大卫的宝座给祂；祂必掌王权管理雅各家，直到永远；祂的国也没有穷尽。（路加福音1:30-33）
谁都能看出，此处“雅各家”不是指犹太民族或人民，因为主的国不仅包括那人民，还包括全世界所有拥有对祂的信并从这信而拥有仁的人。由此清楚可知，天使在此提到的“雅各”这个名不是指雅各的人民，因而在其它地方也不是指这些人。旧约圣言多次提到的“雅各的种”、“雅各的儿子”、“雅各的地”、“雅各的产业”、“雅各的王”和“雅各的神”也不是字面上的意思。
“以色列”这个名也是如此，如马太福音：
有主的天使向约瑟梦中显现，说，起来！带着小孩子同祂母亲逃往埃及；这是要应验先知所说的话，说，我从埃及召出我的儿子来。（马太福音2:13-15）
在先知书，经上论到这个应许说：
以色列还是个孩子的时候，我就爱他，就从埃及召出我的儿子来。（何西阿书11:1）
此处很明显，“以色列”是指主。然而，从字义只能知道以下事实：“孩子以色列”是指来到埃及，后来从那里被召出来的雅各最早的后代。在提到“雅各”和“以色列”的其它地方也一样，尽管从字义上看，这一点并不明显，如以赛亚书：
我的仆人雅各，我所拣选的以色列啊，你要听。制作你，又从子宫中形成你，并要帮助你的耶和华如此说，我的仆人雅各，我所拣选的耶书仑哪，不要害怕！因为我要将水浇灌口渴的人，将溪河浇灌干旱之地；我要将我的灵浇灌你的种，将我的福浇灌你的后裔。这个要说，我是属耶和华的；那个要以雅各的名自称；又一个要亲手写归耶和华，并以以色列的名字给自己为姓。（以赛亚书44:1-3， 5）
此处“雅各”和“以色列”明显表示主，“种”和“雅各的后裔”表示那些信主的人。
在摩西五经关于以色列人的预言中：
约瑟要坐在他弓的力量里，他的手臂因大能的雅各之手而强壮；以色列的牧者、石头是从那里而出的。（创世记49:24）
此处“大能的雅各”和“以色列的石头”也明显表示主。以赛亚书：
我必不将我的荣耀归给别人；雅各啊，听我吧；我呼召的以色列啊，我就是祂；我是首先的，我也是末后的。（以赛亚书48:11-12）
此处“雅各”和“以色列”也表示主。以西结书：
我必取以法莲和他同伴以色列支派手中约瑟的木棍，将它们与犹大的木棍连在一起，使它们作为一根木棍，叫它们在我手中成为一根。我要将以色列人从他们所到的列族中收取回来，从四围聚集他们，把他们带到本地。我要使他们在那地，在以色列山上成为一个民族，有一王作他们众人的王。他们不再是两个民族，不再分为两个国家。我的仆人大卫必作王管理他们，他们众人只有一个牧人。他们必住在我赐给我仆人雅各的地上，就是你们列祖所住之地。他们和他们的子孙，并子孙的子孙，都永远住在那里。我的仆人大卫必作他们的首领，直到永远。我要与他们立平安的约，作为与他们的永约。我也要安顿他们，使他们增多，又在他们中间设立我的圣所，直到永远。我的居所必在他们中间。我要作他们的神，他们要作我的子民。当我的圣所永远在他们中间时，列族就必知道我是叫以色列成为圣的耶和华。（以西结书37:19， 21-22， 24-28）
此处同样很明显，“约瑟”、“以法莲”、“犹大”、“以色列”、“雅各”和“大卫”不是指这些人，而是在至高意义上表示在主里面，并在其国度和教会中属于祂的神性属灵事物。谁都能知道，大卫不会如经上所说的那样永远作他们的王和首领；相反，“大卫”表示主（参看1888节）。谁也可以知道，以色列不会从他们所分散之地被聚集起来，不会成圣，圣所也不会永远设在他们中间，如经上所说的那样；相反，众所周知，“以色列”在代表意义上表示所有拥有信的人。
弥迦书：
雅各啊，我必要聚集你们所有的人，必要招聚以色列的余民；我必将他们安置在一起，如波斯拉的羊。（弥迦书2:12）
此处意思是一样的。以赛亚书：
雅各要使那些要来的人扎根；以色列必发芽开花，出产必遍满地面。（以赛亚书27:6）
此处意思也一样。同一先知书：
救赎亚伯拉罕的耶和华对雅各家如此说，雅各必不再羞愧，他的脸也不再蜡白；因为他看见他的众子，就是我手的工作在他中间，他们必尊我的名为圣，必尊雅各的圣者为圣，必敬畏以色列的神。灵里犯错的，必明智地知道。（以赛亚书29:22-24）
又：
耶和华对祂的受膏者居鲁士如此说，我紧握他的右手，使列族降服在他面前。我也要松开列王的腰带，使门户在他面前敞开，城门不得关闭，我必在你前面行，把崎岖之地修平；我必打碎铜门，砍断铁闩。我要将暗中的宝物和隐密处隐藏的财宝赐给你，使你知道提名呼召你的，就是我耶和华以色列的神。因我仆人雅各，我所拣选以色列的缘故，我就提名呼召你；你不认识我的时候，我就给你起了名号。（以赛亚书45:1-4）
这也明显论及主。弥迦书：
末后的日子，耶和华家的山必坚立，为众山之首；许多民族要前来说，来吧！让我们上耶和华的山、雅各神的家；祂必将祂的道指教我们，我们也要行祂的路。因为教诲必出于锡安，耶和华的话必出于耶路撒冷。（弥迦书4:1-2）
诗篇：
耶和华爱锡安的城门，胜于爱雅各一切的住处。神的城啊，有荣耀的事乃指着你说的。（诗篇87:2-3）
耶利米书：
你们却要侍奉耶和华他们的神，和大卫他们的王，就是我要给他们兴起的。我的仆人雅各啊，不要惧怕；以色列啊，不要惊惶；因为看哪，我要从远方拯救你。（耶利米书30:9-10）
以赛亚书：
众海岛啊，听我吧！远方的众民哪，听从吧！耶和华从子宫中呼召我；从我母腹里祂就提我的名。祂对我说，你是我的仆人以色列，我必因你得荣耀。（以赛亚书49:1， 3）
又：
那么，你就以耶和华为乐，我要使你乘驾地的高处，又以雅各的产业喂养你。（以赛亚书58:14）
又：
我必从雅各中领出种来，从犹大中领出承受我众山的，我拣选的人必拥有它，我的仆人要在那里居住。（以赛亚书65:9）
就所有这些经文的至高意义而言，“雅各”和“以色列”表示主；就代表意义而言，表示主的属灵国度，以及教会，教会凭真理的教义和良善的生活而为教会。“雅各”表示那些处于该教会的外在方面的人，“以色列”表示那些处于其内在方面的人。从这些和其它许多经文明显可知，“雅各”在哪里都不是指雅各，“以色列”在哪里都不是指以色列，正如“以撒”不是指以撒，“亚伯拉罕”不是指亚伯拉罕，无论在哪里提到他们；如马太福音：
从东从西，将有许多人来，在天国里与亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各一同坐席（马太福音8:11）
路加福音：
你们要看见亚伯拉罕，以撒，雅各和众先知都在神的国里。（路加福音13:28）
又：
拉撒路被天使带到亚伯拉罕的怀里。（路加福音16:20， 22）
因为在天堂，天使根本不知道亚伯拉罕、以撒和雅各。当世人读到这些话时，那里的天使只会想到主的神性和神性人身或人性。当世人读到“与亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各一同坐席”时，他们只会想到与主同在；当世人读到“亚伯拉罕的怀里”时，他们只会想到在主里面。经上之所以这样说，是因为那时，人类如此远离内在事物，以至于只知道，也只想知道在圣言中，字面上的一切都是真的。主从字面上向他们说话，是为了让他们可以接受信，同时也为了使内义可以被包含在祂所说的话里面，这内义将人类与祂自己联结起来。既然如此，那么可以清楚看出在旧约圣言中，“雅各的神”和“以色列的圣者”表示什么，即表示主自己。“雅各的神”是指主（参看撒母耳记下23:1；以赛亚书2:3；41:21；弥迦书4:2；诗篇20:1；46:7；75:9；76:6；81:1， 4；84:8；94:7；114:7；132:2；146:5）；“以色列的圣者”是指主（参看以赛亚书1:4；5:19， 24；10:20；12:6；17:7；29:19；30:11， 12， 15；31:1；37:23；41:14， 16， 20；43:3， 14；45:11；47:4；48:17；49:7；54:5；55:5；60:14；耶利米书50:29；以西结书39:7；诗篇71:22；78:41；89:18）。
Potts(1905-1910) 3305
3305. And he called his name Jacob. That this signifies the doctrine of truth of the natural, is evident from the signification of "calling a name," or of "calling by name," as being quality (concerning which see just above, n. 3302). The quality that is represented by Jacob is the doctrine of truth of the natural, as may be seen from the representation of Esau, as being the good of life of the truth of the natural (n. 3300), and from many places in the Word, where he is named. There are two things which constitute the natural, as there are two that constitute the rational, nay, that constitute the whole man, one of which is of life, and the other of doctrine. That which is of life belongs to the will, while that which is of doctrine belongs to the understanding. The former is called good, and the latter truth. This good is that which is represented by Esau, and the truth by Jacob; or what is the same, the good of life of the truth of the natural is that which is represented by Esau, and the doctrine of truth of the natural is that which is represented by Jacob. Whether you say the good of life of the truth of the natural and the doctrine of truth of the natural, or those who are in these things, it is the same; for the good of life and the doctrine of truth cannot exist apart from their subject. If they have no subject they are a kind of abstract affair which nevertheless has regard to the man in whom this may be. Wherefore by "Jacob" are here signified those who are in the doctrine of truth of the natural. [2] They who abide in the mere sense of the letter believe that by "Jacob" in the Word is meant all that people which was descended from Jacob, and for this reason they apply to that people all things that have been said historically and prophetically concerning Jacob. But the Word is Divine chiefly in this respect, that all things in it both in general and in particular do not regard one nation or one people, but the universal human race; namely, that which is, which has been, and which will be; and also that which is still more universal, namely, the Lord's kingdom in the heavens; and in the supreme sense, the Lord Himself. It is for this reason that the Word is Divine. If it had regard merely to one nation, then it would be human, and there would be nothing more of the Divine in it than there was of the holy of worship with that nation; and everyone may know that there was none of this with the people called "Jacob;" from which it is evident that by "Jacob" in the Word is not meant Jacob, and also that by "Israel" is not meant Israel; for almost everywhere in the prophecies, when Jacob is named, Israel is named also, and no one can know what is specifically meant by the one, and what by the other, except from the sense which lies more deeply concealed and contains within it the arcana of heaven. [3] That by "Jacob" therefore in the internal sense is signified the doctrine of truth of the natural; or what is the same, those who are in this doctrine, of whatever nation they may be; and that in the supreme sense the Lord is meant is evident from the following passages. In Luke:
The angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary, for thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and shalt bring forth a Son, and shalt call His name Jesus. He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Most High; and the Lord God shall give unto Him the throne of His father David; and He shall reign over the house of Jacob forever; and of His kingdom there shall be no end (Luke 1:30-33). That here by the "house of Jacob" is not meant the Jewish nation or people can be seen by all, for the Lord's kingdom was not over that people, but over all in the universe who have faith in Him, and who from faith are in charity. Hence it is evident that by "Jacob" as here named by the angel is not meant the people of Jacob; and consequently neither in other places, by the "seed of Jacob," the "sons of Jacob," the "land of Jacob," the "inheritance of Jacob," the "king of Jacob," and the "God of Jacob," which expressions so often occur in the Word of the Old Testament, are these intended. [4] The case is the same in respect to "Israel" as in Matthew:
The angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt; that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt have I called My Son (Matt. 2:13, 15);
and in the prophet it is said:
When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called My son out of Egypt (Hos. 11:1). That in this passage "Israel" is the Lord is very evident; and yet from the sense of the letter it cannot be known but that the "child Israel" means the earliest descendants of Jacob, who came into Egypt and were afterwards called out thence. It is the same in other passages where "Jacob" and "Israel" are named, although this does not appear from the sense of the letter, as in Isaiah:
Hear O Jacob my servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen; thus saith Jehovah who made thee, and formed thee from the womb, who will help thee; Fear not O Jacob my servant, and thou Jeshurun whom I have chosen; for I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and streams upon the dry ground; I will pour My spirit upon thy seed, and My blessing upon thine offspring; this one shall say, I am Jehovah's; and this shall call himself by the name of Jacob; and that one shall write with his hand unto Jehovah, and surname himself by the name of Israel (Isa. 44:1-3, 5);
where "Jacob" and "Israel" evidently denote the Lord; and the "seed," and "offspring of Jacob," those who are in faith in Him. [5] In the prophecy concerning the sons of Israel in Moses:
Joseph shall sit in the strength of his bow, and the arms of his hands shall be made strong by the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob; from thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel (Gen. 49:24);
where also the "Mighty One of Jacob" and the "stone of Israel" clearly denote the Lord. In Isaiah:
My glory will I not give to another; attend unto Me, O Jacob, and Israel My called, I am He; I am the first, I also am the last (Isa. 48:11-12);
here also "Jacob" and "Israel" signify the Lord. In Ezekiel:
I will take the stick of Joseph, which is in the hand of Ephraim, and the tribes of Israel his companions, and I will add them upon him with the stick of Judah, and make them one stick, and they shall be one in My hand. I will take the sons of Israel from among the nations, whither they be gone, and will gather them from every side, and bring them upon their own land; and I will make them one nation in the land, upon the mountains of Israel; and one king shall be king to them all, and they shall be no more two nations, neither shall they be divided into two kingdoms anymore at all. My servant David shall be king over them, and they all shall have one shepherd. And they shall dwell on the land that I have given unto Jacob My servant, wherein your fathers dwelt; and they shall dwell therein, they and their sons, and their sons, forever; and David My servant shall be prince to them forever: I will make a covenant of peace with them, it shall be an everlasting covenant with them; and I will place them, and multiply them, and will set My sanctuary in the midst of them forevermore. My tabernacle also shall be with them; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. And the nations shall know that I Jehovah do sanctify Israel, when My sanctuary is in the midst of them for evermore (Ezek. 37:19, 21-22, 24-28);
here again it is clearly manifest that by "Joseph," "Ephraim," "Judah," "Israel," "Jacob," and "David," are not meant these persons, but in the supreme sense Divine spiritual things which are in the Lord, and which are the Lord's in His kingdom and church. That David was not to be, as is said, their king and prince forever, everyone may know; but that by "David" is meant the Lord may be seen above (n. 1888). It may also be known that Israel will not be gathered together from wherever they have been dispersed, and will not be sanctified, and the sanctuary placed in the midst of them forever, as is said; but this is to be with those who in the representative sense are signified by "Israel;" and who, as is known, are all the faithful. [6] In Micah:
Assembling I will assemble O Jacob, all of thee; gathering I will gather the remnant of Israel; I will put them together as the sheep of Bozrah (Micah 2:12);
where the meaning is similar. In Isaiah:
Jacob shall cause to take root those who come; Israel shall blossom and bud; and they shall fill the face of the world with produce (Isa. 27:6);
where also the meaning is similar. In the same:
Thus saith Jehovah who redeemed Abraham, to the house of Jacob; Jacob shall not now be ashamed, neither shall his face now wax pale; for when he seeth his children, the work of My hands, in the midst of him, they shall sanctify My name; yea, they shall sanctify the Holy One of Jacob, and shall stand in awe of the God of Israel. They also that err in spirit shall know intelligence (Isa. 29:22-24). In the same:
Thus saith Jehovah to His anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him, and I will loose the loins of kings; to open the doors before him, and the gates shall not be shut; I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight; I will break in pieces the doors of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron; I will give thee the treasures of darkness, and hidden riches of secret places, that thou mayest know that I am Jehovah, who am called by thy name, the God of Israel, for Jacob My servant's sake, and Israel Mine elect. I have called thee by thy name, I have surnamed thee when thou didst not know Me (Isa. 45:1-4);
where also the Lord is plainly treated of. In Micah:
In the last days it shall come to pass that the mountain of the house of Jehovah shall be established as the head of the mountains; and many nations shall go, and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of Jehovah, and to the house of the God of Jacob; and He will teach us of His ways, and we will walk in His paths; for out of Zion shall go forth the doctrine, and the Word of Jehovah from Jerusalem (Micah 4:1-2). In David:
Jehovah loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob; glorious things shall be preached in thee, O city of God (Ps. 87:2-3). In Jeremiah:
They shall serve Jehovah their God, and David their king, whom I will raise up unto them. And thou, fear thou not, O Jacob My servant, saith Jehovah; neither be dismayed, O Israel; for lo I will save thee from afar (Jer. 30:9, 10). In Isaiah:
Listen O isles unto me; and hearken ye peoples from far; Jehovah hath called me from the womb; from the bowels of my mother hath He made mention of my name; and He said unto me, Thou art My servant Israel, in whom I will be made glorious (Isa. 49:1, 3). Again:
Then shalt thou delight thyself in Jehovah, and I will make thee to ride upon the high places of the earth, and I will feed thee with the heritage of Jacob (Isa. 58:14). Again:
I will bring forth a seed out of Jacob, and out of Judah an inheritor of My mountains, that Mine elect may possess it, and My servants shall dwell there (Isa. 65:9). [7] In the supreme sense of all these passages by "Jacob" and "Israel" is meant the Lord; and in the representative sense the Lord's spiritual kingdom, and the church which is a church from the doctrine of truth and the life of good. By "Jacob" are meant those who are in the externals of this church; and by "Israel" those who are in its internals. From these and many other passages it is evident that by "Jacob" is nowhere meant Jacob, neither by "Israel," Israel; and in the same way, by "Isaac" is not meant Isaac, nor by "Abraham," Abraham, where they are named; as in Matthew:
Many shall come from the east and the west, and shall recline with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of the heavens (Matt. 8:11). In Luke:
Ye shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets in the kingdom of God (Luke 13:28). and again:
Lazarus was carried by the angels into Abraham's bosom (Luke 16:20, 22). For in heaven they know nothing of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; and when these words are read by man, the angels perceive nought but the Lord as to the Divine and the Divine Human; and by "reclining with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob," they perceive nought but being with the Lord; and by being "in Abraham's bosom," nought but being in the Lord. But it was thus said because at that time man was so far removed from internal things that he did not know and was not willing to know otherwise than that all things in the Word are according to the letter; and when the Lord spoke with men according to the letter, it was that they might receive faith, and also that there might even then be an internal sense within, by which there could be the conjunction of man with Himself. This being the case, it may appear what is signified in the Word of the Old Testament by the "God of Jacob," and by the "Holy One of Israel," namely, the Lord Himself. (That the "God of Jacob" is the Lord, see 2 Sam. 23:1; Isa. 2:3; 41:21; Micah 4:2; Ps. 20:1; 46:7; 75:9; 76:6; 81:1, 4; 84:8; 94:7; 114:7; 132:2; 146:5. That the "Holy One of Israel" is the Lord, see Isa. 1:4; 5:19, 24; 10:20; 12:6; 17:7; 29:19; 30:11, 12, 15; 31:1; 37:23; 41:14, 16, 20; 43:3, 14; 45:11; 47:4; 48:17; 49:7; 54:5; 55:5; 60:14; Jer. 50:29; Ezek. 39:7; Ps. 71:22; 78:41; 89:18.)
Elliott(1983-1999) 3305
3305. 'And he called his name Jacob' means the doctrine of natural truth. This is clear from the meaning of 'calling the name' or calling by name as the essential nature, dealt with just above in 3302. The essential nature represented by 'Jacob' is the doctrine of natural truth, as becomes clear from the representation of Esau as good constituting the life of natural truth, 3300, and from very many places in the Word where he is mentioned. There are two elements which constitute the natural, as there are two which constitute the rational, and indeed which constitute the whole person - the first being that of life, the second that of doctrine. The element of life belongs to the will, that of doctrine to the understanding. The former is called good, but the latter truth. It is that good which is represented by Esau, but this truth by Jacob; or what amounts to the same, it is good constituting the life of natural truth that is represented by Esau, and the doctrine of natural truth that is represented by Jacob. Whether you speak of the good constituting the life of natural truth and of the doctrine of natural truth, or of those in whom such doctrine and life are present, it amounts to the same, for the good constituting the life and the doctrine of truth cannot exist apart from their subject. Without their subject they are mere abstractions, yet they nevertheless have regard to the person in whom they exist. Consequently Jacob here means people who possess the doctrine of natural truth.
[2] Those who confine themselves to the sense of the letter suppose that in the Word Jacob is used to mean every one of those people descended from Jacob, and for that reason they apply to those people everything that has been stated about Jacob either as history or as prophecy. But the Word is Divine in that first and foremost every single thing within it has regard not just to one particular nation or people but to the whole human race, namely to everyone present, past, and future. More than that, it has reference to the Lord's kingdom in heaven; and in the highest sense to the Lord Himself. This is what makes it a Divine Word. If it were concerned with merely one particular nation it would be human only and would have nothing more of the Divine within it than the existence among that nation of holy worship. The fact that such worship did not exist among the people called 'Jacob' may be known to anyone. For this reason also it is evident that 'Jacob' is not used in the Word to mean Jacob, nor 'Israel' to mean Israel - for almost everywhere in prophetical parts, when Jacob is referred to, Israel is mentioned too. And no one can know what is meant specifically by the first or what by the second except from that sense which lies more deeply and conceals the arcana of heaven within itself.
[3] In the internal sense therefore 'Jacob' means the doctrine of natural truth, or what amounts to the same, people who possess that doctrine, no matter what nation they belong to; and in the highest sense 'Jacob' is used to mean the Lord, as becomes clear from the following places: In Luke,
The angel said to Mary, You will conceive in your womb and bear a Son, and you shall call His name Jesus. He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High; and the Lord God will give to Him the throne of His father David, so that He will reign over the house of Jacob for ever, and of His kingdom there will be no end. Luke 1:31-33.
Everyone recognizes that here 'the house of Jacob' was not used to mean the Jewish nation or people, for the Lord's kingdom included not merely that people but all throughout the world who have faith in Him, and from faith have charity. From this it is clear that when the angel used the name Jacob he did not mean the people of Jacob. Nor consequently are those people meant anywhere else. Nor are the references to the seed of Jacob, the sons of Jacob, the land of Jacob, the inheritance of Jacob, the king of Jacob, and the God of Jacob, which occur so many times in the Old Testament Word, meant literally.
[4] It is similar with the name Israel, as in Matthew,
The angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream, saying, Rise, take the Boy and His mother, and flee into Egypt, and be there until I tell you. He rose and took the Boy and His mother by night, and departed into Egypt, so that what had been said by the prophet might be fulfilled, when he said, Out of Egypt have I called My Son. Matt 2:13-15.
In the prophet this promise is stated as follows,
When Israel was a boy I loved him, and out of Egypt I called my son. Hosea 11:1.
Here it is quite evident that 'Israel' is the Lord. From the sense of the letter however nothing more may be known beyond the fact that 'the boy Israel' means the immediate descendants of Jacob who came into Egypt and at a later time were summoned from there. It is similar in other places where the names Jacob and Israel occur, although it is not apparent from the sense of the letter, as in Isaiah,
Hear, O Jacob my servant, and Israel whom I have chosen, Thus said Jehovah who made you and formed you from the womb, who helps you, Fear not, O my servant Jacob, and Jeshurun whom I have chosen, for I will pour out waters upon thirsty land, and rivers upon the dry. I will pour out My spirit upon your seed, and My blessing upon your sons. This one will say, I am Jehovah's, and another will call himself by the name of Jacob, and he will write with his hand, Jehovah's, and surname himself by the name of Israel. Isa 44:1-3, 5.
Here 'Jacob' and 'Israel' plainly stand for the Lord, and 'the seed' and 'the sons of Jacob' for those having faith in Him.
[5] In the prophecy concerning Israel's sons, in Moses,
Joseph will sit in the strength of his bow, and the arms of his hands will be made strong by the hands of the mighty Jacob; from there is the Shepherd, the Stone of Israel. Gen 49:24.
Here also 'the mighty Jacob' and 'the Stone of Israel' plainly stand for the Lord. In Isaiah,
My glory will I not give to another. Hearken to Me, O Jacob, and O Israel whom I called: I am the same; I am the first; I am also the last. Isa 48:11, 12.
Here again 'Jacob' and 'Israel' are the Lord. In Ezekiel,
I will take the stick of Joseph which is in the hand of Ephraim and of the tribes of Israel his companions, and I will add them to it, to the stick of Judah, and make them into one stick, that they may be one in My hand. I will take the children of Israel from among the nations where they have gone, and will gather them from all around and bring them on to their own land. And I will make them into one nation in the land, on the mountains of Israel; and one king will be king to them all, and they will no longer be two nations, nor will they ever be divided into two kingdoms again. My servant David will be king over them, and they will all have one shepherd. At that time they will dwell in the land which I gave to Jacob my servant, in which your fathers dwelt. They will dwell in it, they, and their sons, and their sons' sons even for ever. David My servant will be their prince for ever. I will make with them a covenant of peace; it will be an eternal covenant with them. I will blessa them, and multiply them, and I will set My sanctuary in their midst for evermore. Thus will My dwelling-place be with them, and I will be their God. and they will be My people, so that the nations may know that I Jehovah sanctify Israel, to be My sanctuary in their midst for evermore. Ezek 37:19, 21, 22, 24-28.
Here again it is quite clear that 'Joseph', 'Ephraim', 'Judah', 'Israel', 'Jacob', and 'David' are not used to mean those persons, but in the highest sense Divine spiritual things within the Lord and which exist in the Lord's kingdom and in His Church. Anyone may know that David will not be, as is said, their king and prince for ever, but that 'David' is used to mean the Lord, 1888. Anyone may also know that Israel will not be gathered together from where they have been scattered, or that they will be sanctified, or, as is said, that the sanctuary will be set in their midst, but that, as is well known, 'Israel' in the representative sense means all those who have faith.
[6] In Micah,
I will surely gather Jacob, all of you, I will surely assemble the remnant of Israel; I will put them together, like the sheep of Bozrah. Micah 2:12.
Here the meaning is similar. In Isaiah,
Those who are to come Jacob will cause to take root. Israel will blossom and flower, and the face of the earth will be filled with produce. Isa 27:6.
Here also the meaning is similar. In the same prophet,
Thus said Jehovah, who redeemed Abraham, to the house of Jacob, Jacob will no more be ashamed, and no more will his face grow pale. For when he sees his male children, the work of My hands, in his midst they will sanctify My name, and they will sanctify the Holy One of Jacob, and will fear the God of Israel. And those who err in spirit will know understanding. Isa 29:22-24.
In the same prophet,
Jehovah said to His anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have grasped, to subdue nations before him, and I will ungird the loins of kings, to open doors before him, and gates may not be closed: I will go before you and make straight the crooked places; I will break in pieces the doors of bronze and cut asunder the bars of iron, I will give you the treasures of concealed places, and the secret wealth of hoarded objects, that you may know that it is I, Jehovah, who called you by your name, the God of Israel. For the sake of My servant Jacob, and of Israel My chosen, I have called you by your name. I have surnamed you when you did not know Me. Isa 45:1-4.
This also clearly refers to the Lord. In Micah,
In the latter days the mountain of the house of Jehovah will be established at the head of the mountains. Many nations will come and say, Come and let us go up to the mountain of Jehovah, and to the house of the God of Jacob, that He may teach us about His ways, and we will go in His paths. For out of Zion will go forth teaching, and the word of Jehovah from Jerusalem. Micah 4:1, 2.
In David,
Jehovah loves the gates of Zion more than all the dwelling-places of Jacob. Glorious things are spoken in you, O city of God. Ps 87:1-3.
In Jeremiah,
They will serve Jehovah their God and David their king, whom I will raise up for them. And do not fear, O My servant Jacob, and do not be dismayed, O Israel, for behold, I am saving you from afar. Jer 30:9, 10.
In Isaiah,
Listen to Me, O islands, and hearken, O peoples from afar. Jehovah called me from the womb, from my mother's bodyb He remembered my name. And He said to me, You are My servant Israel in whom I will be rendered glorious. Isa 49:1, 3.
In the same prophet,
Then will you take delight in Jehovah and I will convey you over the high places of the earth, and I will feed you with the heritage of Jacob. Isa 58:14.
In the same prophet,
I will bring forth seed from Jacob, and from Judah the heir of My mountain, so mat My chosen ones may possess it, and My servants may dwell there. Isa 65:9.
[7] In all these places 'Jacob' and 'Israel' are used in the highest sense to mean the Lord, and in the representative sense the Lord's spiritual kingdom, and the Church which is the Church by virtue of the doctrine of truth and the life of good - 'Jacob' meaning those who are in the external aspects of that Church, and 'Israel' those who are in the internal. These and very many other places show that nowhere is 'Jacob' used to mean Jacob, or 'Israel' to mean Israel, any more than when the names 'Isaac' and 'Abraham' are used Isaac or Abraham is meant, as in Matthew,
Many will come from the east and from the west and will recline with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven. Matt 8:11.
In Luke,
You will see Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets in the kingdom of God. Luke 13:28.
And in the same gospel,
Lazarus was carried by the angels into Abraham's bosom. Luke 16:22.
For in heaven angels have no knowledge at all of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Angels there perceive nothing else from those words when read by man than the Lord as regards the Divine and the Divine Human. When man reads about reclining with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob they perceive nothing else than being with the Lord; and when about being in Abraham's bosom nothing else than resting in the Lord. Such wording has been used however because mankind at that time was so far removed from things of an internal nature that it neither knew nor wished to know anything other than this, that everything in the Word was to be taken literally. And when the Lord spoke to them in that literal manner He did so in order that they might receive faith, and also at the same time in order that the internal sense might be contained within what He said, by means of which mankind was joined to Himself. This being so one may see what is meant in the Old Testament Word by 'the God of Jacob' and by 'the Holy One of Israel', namely the Lord Himself. For places where 'the God of Jacob' means the Lord, see 2 Sam 23:1; Isa 2:3; 41:21; Micah 4:2; Ps 20:1; 46:7; 75:9; 76:6; 81:1, 4; 84:8; 94:7; 114:7; 132:2; 146:5; and for places where 'the Holy One of Israel' means the Lord, Isa 1:4; 5:19, 24; 10:20; 12:6; 17:7; 29:19; 30:11, 12, 15; 31:1; 37:23; 41:14, 16, 20; 43:3, 14; 45:11; 47:4; 48:17; 49:7; 54:5; 55:5; 60:9, 14; Jer 50:29; Ezek 39:7; Ps 71:22; 78:41; 89:18.
Latin(1748-1756) 3305
3305. `Et vocabat nomen ejus Jacob': quod significet doctrinam veri naturalis, constat a significatione `vocare nomen' seu vocare nomine quod sit quale, de qua mox supra n. 3302; quale quod repraesentatur per `Jacobum,' est doctrina veri naturalis, ut constare potest ex repraesentatione `Esavi' quod sit bonum vitae veri naturalis, n. 3300, et ex plurimis locis in Verbo ubi nominatur: sunt enim duo quae naturale constituunt, sicut sunt duo quae rationale, immo quae totum hominem, {1}unum quod est vitae, alterum quod est doctrinae; quod vitae, est voluntatis, quod doctrinae, est intellectus; illud vocatur bonum, hoc autem verum; bonum illud est quod repraesentatur per Esavum, verum autem per Jacobum, seu quod idem, bonum vitae veri naturalis est quod repraesentatur per Esavum, et doctrina veri naturalis quae per Jacobum: sive dicas bonum vitae veri naturalis, et doctrinam veri naturalis, sive illos qui in iis sunt, idem est, bonum vitae enim, et doctrina veri, non dari potest absque suo subjecto; si absque illo, est abstractum quid, quod usque spectat hominem in quo sit; quare per Jacobum hic significantur illi qui in doctrina veri naturalis sunt. [2] Qui in sensu litterae solo manent, per Jacobum in Verbo intelligi credunt omnem illum populum qui ex Jacobo, et propterea illi populo tribuunt omnia illa quae de Jacobo et historice et prophetice dicta sunt; sed Verbum est Divinum in eo principaliter quod omnia et singula quae ibi non spectent unam gentem seu unum populum, sed universum genus humanum, {2}nempe quod est, quod fuit, et quod erit; et adhuc universalius, {3}nempe regnum Domini in caelis; et in (t)supremo sensu Ipsum Dominum; quia ita est, est Verbum Divinum; {4}si modo unam gentem, tunc foret humanum, et nihil plus Divinum ibi, quam quod apud gentem illam esset sanctum cultus; quod tale non fuerit apud populum qui Jacob vocatur, cuivis notum esse potest: inde etiam patet quod per `Jacobum' in Verbo non Jacob intelligatur, tum quod per `Israelem' non Israel, {5}quod in propheticis paene ubivis, ubi Jacob, etiam Israel nominetur, et nemo scire potest, quid in specie per unum et quid per alterum intelligitur nisi ex sensu qui altius latet, et in se arcana caeli recondit. [3] Quod itaque per Jacobum significetur in sensu {6}interno doctrina veri naturalis, seu quod idem, illi qui in ea doctrina sunt, ex quacumque gente sint, et quod in sensu supremo {7}intelligatur Dominus, constare potest ab his locis; apud Lucam, Angelus dixit ad Mariam, Concipies in utero, et paries Filium, et vocabis nomen Ejus Jesum; Hic erit magnus, et Filius Altissimi vocabitur; et dabit Illi Dominus Deus thronum Davidis patris Sui, ita ut regnet super domum Jacobi in saecula, et regni Ipsius non sit finis, i 31-33;quod hic per `domum Jacobi' non gens seu populus Judaicus intellectus sit, quisque videt, regnum enim Domini non fuit super illum populum, sed super omnes in universo qui in fide in Ipsum sunt, et ex fide in charitate; inde constat quod per `Jacobum' ab angelo nominatum, non sit populus Jacobi intellectus, consequenter nec alibi; per semen Jacobi, per natos Jacobi, per terram Jacobi, per hereditatem Jacobi, per regem Jacobi, per Deum Jacobi, quae toties in Verbo Veteris Testamenti leguntur, non illa sint: [4] similiter se habet cum Israele, ut apud Matthaeum, Angelus Domini apparuit in somnio Josepho, dicens, Experrectus sume Puerum, et matrem Ipsius, et fuge in Aegyptum, et esto ibi usque dum dicero; ille experrectus sumpsit Puerum et matrem Ipsius noctu, et concessit in Aegyptum; ut impleretur quod dictum a propheta, dicente, Ex Aegypto vocavi filium Meum, ii 13-15;
apud Prophetam ita dicitur, Cum puer Israel, tunc dilexi illum, et ex Aegypto vocavi filium Meum, Hosh. xi 1;
quod hic `Israel' sit Dominus, manifeste patet; (m)et tamen ex sensu litterae non aliud sciri potest quam quod puer Israel sint primi posteri Jacobi, qui in Aegyptum venerunt, et dein evocati {8}sunt.(n) Similiter se habet alibi ubi Jacob et Israel nominantur, tametsi hoc non apparet {9}ex sensu litterae; ut apud Esaiam, Audi Jacob serve mi, et Israel quem elegi, sic dixit Jehovah factor tuus et formator tuus ab utero, juvat te, Ne time, serve mi Jacob, et Jeshurun quem elegi, quia effundam aquas super sitientem, et rivos super aridam; effundam spiritum Meum super semen tuum, et benedictionem Meam super natos tuos; hic dicet, Jehovae ego; et hic vocabit se nomine Jacobi, et ille scribet manu sua Jehovae, et nomine Israelis cognominabit se, xliv 1-3, 5;
ubi manifeste `Jacob et Israel' pro Domino, ac `semen et nati Jacobi{10}' pro illis qui in fide in Ipsum sunt: [5] in prophetico de filiis Israelis apud Mosen, Josephus sedebit in firmo arcus sui, et corroborabuntur brachia manuum ejus a manibus fortis Jacobi, inde pastor lapis Israelis, Gen. xlix 24;
ibi `fortis Jacobus et lapis Israelis' etiam manifeste pro Domino: apud Esaiam, Gloriam Meam alii non dabo, attende Mihi Jacob, et Israel vocate a Me, Ego idem, Ego primus, etiam Ego novissimus, xlviii 11, 12;
etiam `Jacob et Israel' ibi est Dominus: apud Ezechielem, Accipiam lignum Josephi, quod in manu Ephraimi et tribuum Israelis sociorum ejus, et addam eos super illo cum ligno Jehudae, et faciam eos in lignum unum, ut sint unum in manu Mea: Ego accipiam filios Israelis ab inter gentes, quo abiverunt, et congregabo eos e circuitu, et adducam eos super terram suam, et faciam eos in gentem unam in terra, in montibus Israelis, et rex unus erit omnibus illis in regem, et non erunt amplius duae gentes, et non dividentur amplius in dua regna iterum... Servus Meus David rex super eos, et pastor unus erit omnibus illis;...tunc habitabunt super terra, quam dedi servo Meo Jacobo, in qua habitarunt patres vestri;
habitabunt super ea, illi et filii illorum, et filii filiorum illorum, usque in aeternitatem; David servus Meus princeps illis in aeternum: pangam illis foedus pacis, foedus aeternitatis erit cum illis; dabo illos, et multiplicabo illos, et ponam sanctuarium Meum in medio eorum in aeternum:
sic erit habitaculum Meum apud illos, et ero illis in Deum, et illi erunt Mihi in populum, ut cognoscant gentes, quod Ego Jehovah sanctificem Israelem, in esse sanctuarium Meum in medio eorum in aeternum, xxxvii 19, 21, 22, 24-28;
hic iterum manifeste patet quod per `Josephum,' per `Ephraimum,' per `Jehudam,' per `Israelem,' per `Jacobum,' perque `Davidem' non intelligantur illi, sed quod in supremo sensu Divine spiritualia quae in Domino, et quae Domini in regno et in Ecclesia Ipsius; quod David non erit rex illis et princeps in aeternum, ut dicitur, quisque scire potest, sed quod per Davidem intelligatur Dominus, n. 1888; etiam sciri potest quod Israel non {11}congregabitur quo dispersus est, et quod illi non sanctificabuntur, et sanctuarium in medio eorum ponetur in aeternum, ut dicitur, sed quod illi qui per `Israelem' in sensu repraesentativo significantur, qui quod sint omnes fideles, notum est: [6] (m)apud Micham, Colligendo colligam Jacobum omnem te, congregando congregabo reliquias Israelis, una ponam eum sicut oves Bozrae, ii 12,(n) similiter: apud Esaiam, Venturos radicabit Jacob, efflorescet et florebit Israel, et implebuntur facies orbis proventu, xxvii 6;
etiam similiter: apud eundem, Sic dixit Jehovah ad domum Jacobi, Qui redemit Abrahamum, Non jam pudefiet Jacobus, et non jam facies ejus pallescent, quia in videndo illo natos suos, opus manuum Mearum, in medio ejus sanctificabunt nomen Meum, et sanctificabunt Sanctum Jacobi, et Deum Israelis timebunt, et scient errantes spiritu intelligentiam, xxix 22-24:
apud eundem, Dixit Jehovah uncto suo {12}Koresho, cujus apprehendi dextram, ad subjiciendum coram ipso gentes, et lumbos regum solvam, ad aperiendum coram ipso januas, et portae non claudantur: Ego ante te ibo, et tortuosa rectificabo, januas aeris confringam, et vectes ferri concidam, dabo tibi thesauros latebrarum, et occultas opes absconditorum, ut cognoscas quod Ego Jehovah, Qui vocatus nomine tuo Deus Israelis, propter servum Meum Jacobum, et Israelem electum Meum; vocavi te nomine tuo, cognominavi te cum non nosceres Me, (x)xlv 1-4;
ubi etiam manifeste de Domino: apud Micham, In extremitate dierum, erit mons domus Jehovae constitutus in caput montium,...ibunt gentes multae, et dicent, Ite et ascendamus ad montem Jehovae, et ad domum Dei Jacobi, ut doceat nos de viis Suis, et ibimus in semitis Ipsius, nam e Zione exibit doctrina, et verbum Jehovae e Hierosolyma, iv 1, 2:
apud Davidem, Amat Jehovah portas Zionis prae omnibus habitaculis Jacobi, gloriosa praedicanda in te civitas Dei, Ps. lxxxvii 1-3:
apud Jeremiam, Servient Jehovae Deo suo, et Davidi regi suo, quem excitabo eis; et tu ne timeas serve Mi Jacob, et ne terrearis Israel, quia ecce Ego servans te e longinquo, xxx 9, 10:
apud Esaiam, Attendite insulae ad me, et auscultate populi e longinquo, Jehovah ab utero vocavit me, e visceribus matris meae meminit nominis mei, et dixit mihi, Servus meus tu Israel, in quo gloriosus reddar, xlix 1, 3:
apud eundem, Tunc deliciaberis super Jehovah, et eveham te in excelsa terrae, et cibabo te hereditate Jacobi, lviii 14:
apud eundem, Producam ex Jacobo semen, et ex Jehuda heredem montium Meorum, ut possideant eum electi Mei, et servi Mei habitent ibi, lxv 9. [7] In omnibus illis locis per `Jacobum et Israelem' in sensu supremo intelligitur Dominus, et in sensu repraesentativo regnum Domini spirituale, et Ecclesia quae ex doctrina veri et vita boni Ecclesia est, per `Jacobum' illi qui in externis illius Ecclesiae sunt, et per `Israelem' qui in internis. Ex his et perpluribus aliis locis constare potest quod per `Jacobum' nullibi intellectus sit Jacob, nec per `Israelem' Israel, sicut nec per `{13}Jishakum' Jishak, et per `Abrahamum' Abraham, ubi nominantur, ut apud Matthaeum, Multi ab oriente et occidente venient, et accumbent cum Abrahamo, et Jishako, et Jacobo, in regno caelorum, viii 11:
apud Lucam, Videbitis Abrahamum, Jishakum et Jacobum, et omnes prophetas in regno Dei, xiii 28:
et apud eundem, Lazarus sublatus ab angelis in sinum Abrahami, xvi 22;
ignorant enim Abrahamum, Jishakum et Jacobum in caelo, {14}et qui ibi, non aliud per illa verba cum ab homine leguntur, percipiunt quam Dominum quoad Divinum et Divinum Humanum, et cum Abrahamo, Jishako et Jacobo accumbere, quam esse cum Domino, et in Abrahami sinu esse, quam esse in Domino; sed dictum est ita, quia homo tunc temporis tam remotus erat ab internis ut non sciret aliud, nec scire vellet aliud, quam quod {15}omnia in Verbo se haberent secundum litteram, et cum secundum litteram cum illis locutus est Dominus, quod fidem reciperent, et quoque quod tunc internus sensus inesset, per quem conjunctio hominis cum Se. Quia ita est, constare potest quid in Verbo Veteris Testamenti significatur per `Deum Jacobi,' et per `Sanctum Israelis,' quod nempe Ipse Dominus; quod `Deus Jacobi' sit Dominus, videatur 2 Sam. xxiii 1; Esai. ii 3; xli 21; Mich. iv 2; Ps. xx 1; xlvi 7; lxxv 9; lxxvi 6; lxxxi 1, 4; lxxxiv 8; xciv 7; cxiv 7; cxxxii 2; cxlvi (x)5. Quod Sanctus Israelis sit Dominus, Esai. i 4; v 19, 24; x 20; xii 6; xvii 7; xxix 19; xxx 11, 12, 15; xxxi 1; xxxvii 23; xli 14, 16, 20; xliii 3, 14; xlv 11; xlvii 4; xlviii 17; xlix 7; liv 5; lv 5; lx 9, 14; Jer. l 29; Ezech. xxxix 7; Ps. lxxi 22; (x)lxxviii 41; lxxxix 18. @1 i nempe$ @2 quod in terris, qui sunt, qui fuerunt, et qui erunt$ @3 totum$ @4 si autem unam modo gentem$ @5 i eo$ @6 repraesentativo$ @7 repraesentatur$ @8 sint$ @9 in$ @10 i et Israel$ @11 congregarentur, quo dispersi sunt$ @12 see note to n. 2851.$ @13 Isacum Isacus$ @14 nec aliud per illa verba, cum leguntur ab homine, percipiunt angeli, quam Dominum quoad Divinum et Humanum, cum quo accumbere est esse cum Domino, et in cujus sinu esse, est esse in Domino$ @15 esset secundum literam in Verbo$