374、“血声”表示向仁所施的暴行，这从圣言中的许多经文清楚可知。其中“嗓声或声音”表示所指控的一切，“血”表示各种罪，尤表仇恨。因为凡对兄弟心怀仇恨者，都在心里杀了他，如主所教导的：
你们听见有吩咐古人的话，说，不可杀人；凡杀人的，难免受审判。只是我告诉你们，凡无缘无故向弟兄动怒的，难免受审判。凡骂弟兄是饭桶（希腊文：拉加）的，难免公会的审断；凡骂弟兄是傻瓜（希腊文：魔利）的，难免地狱的火。（马太福音5:21-22）
这些话表示仇恨的程度。仇恨违背仁爱，并以任何可能的方式杀人，即便不是用手，也就是实际杀人，但在灵里依旧杀人。唯有外在约束才能防止杀人的行为。这就是为何一切仇恨都被称为“血”，如耶利米书：
你怎么修直你的路去寻求爱情呢？在你衣襟上又发现无辜贫穷灵魂的血。（耶利米书2:33-34）
“血”表示仇恨，故同样表示各种罪恶，因为仇恨是一切罪恶的源头。如何西阿书：
起假誓、撒谎、杀害、偷盗、奸淫；他们抢劫，流血又流血。因此，这地必悲哀，其中所有的居民都必衰萎。（何西阿书4:2-3）
以西结书：
你要审判这流人血的城吗，使她知道她一切可憎的事吗？一座在她中间流人血的城。你因流了人的血，就为有罪。（以西结书22:2-4，6，9）
这论及无情。同一先知书：
这地满了流血的审判，这城满了暴行。（以西结书7:23）
耶利米哀歌：
这都因耶路撒冷先知的罪和她祭司的罪孽，他们在她中间流了义人的血。他们在街上如瞎子游荡，他们被血玷污。（耶利米哀歌4:13-14）
以赛亚书：
主要用审判的灵和焚烧的灵洗去锡安女儿的污秽，又从中间除净耶路撒冷的血。（以赛亚书4:4）
又：
你们的手掌被血沾染，你们的指头被罪孽沾污。（以赛亚书59:3）
以西结书：
我从你旁边经过，见你滚在你的血中，就对你说，你在血中生活吧，我的确对你说，你在血中生活吧。（以西结书16:6，22）
这论及耶路撒冷的可憎之事，这些事被称为“血”。
在启示录（16:3，4），末世的无情和仇恨也以“血”来描述。经上以复数形式提及“血”，是因为一切罪恶和可憎之事都是从仇恨涌出的，正如一切良善和神圣之事都是从爱涌出的。因此，凡仇恨邻舍者，如有可能，就会杀害他，并且以任何可能的方式如此行；也就是说，向他施暴，这就是此处严格意义上的“血声”。
New Century Edition
Cooper(2008,2013)
[NCE]374. The symbolism of the voice of blood as violence inflicted on charity can be seen from many places in the Word, where a voice is taken to mean everything that accuses and blood to mean every kind of sin, especially hatred. Those who hate their sister or brother kill her or him in their hearts, as the Lord teaches:
You have heard that among the people of old it was said, "You shall not kill; but whoever kills will be subject to judgment." I say to you, though, that any who are angry at their sister or brother without cause will be subject to judgment. Once again, any who say "Raca!"{*1} to their sister or brother will be subject to the Sanhedrin.{*2} But any who say, "Stupid!" will be subject to fiery Gehenna.{*3} (Matthew 5:21-22)
These words refer to different degrees of hatred. Hatred opposes charity, and if it does not kill with its hand, it still does so in its mind or heart, in every way it can. External deterrents alone prevent it from killing with its hand. So every form of hatred is blood, as in Jeremiah:
Why do you amend your ways so as to seek love? Yes, on your hems{*4} is found the blood of innocent paupers' souls. (Jeremiah 2:33-34)
[2] Since hatred is blood, so is all wickedness, because the source of all wickedness is hatred, as in Hosea:
False swearing and lying and killing and stealing and the committing of adultery; they rob, and blood has followed on blood. Therefore the earth will mourn and everyone living in it will waste away. (Hosea 4:2-3)
In Ezekiel:
Will you judge the blood-soaked city and let it know all its abominations? The city is shedding blood in its midst. By your blood that you shed you have become guilty. (Ezekiel 22:2-3, 4, 6, 9)
This is about lack of mercy. In the same author:
The earth is full of judgment on [crimes of] blood, and the city is full of violence. (Ezekiel 7:23)
In Jeremiah:
On account of the sins of Jerusalem's prophets, the transgressions of its priests, who shed the blood of the just in its midst, [those same prophets and priests] wander blind in the streets; they are defiled with blood. (Lamentations 4:13-14)
In Isaiah:
... when the Lord washes away the dirt of Zion's daughters, and has cleansed the blood of Jerusalem from its midst, with a spirit of judgment and a spirit of burning. (Isaiah 4:4)
In the same author:
Your palms have been defiled with blood, and your fingers with wickedness. (Isaiah 59:3)
In Ezekiel:
I passed right by you and saw you trampled in your blood, and I told you, "Live in your blood!" And I told you, "Live in your blood!" (Ezekiel 16:6, 22)
This is about Jerusalem's abominations, which are referred to as blood.
[3] The ruthlessness and hatred of the final days are also pictured as blood in Revelation 16:3-4.
Blood is used in the plural here [in the original language] because everything wicked and abhorrent wells up out of hatred, just as everything good and holy wells up out of love. Those who hate their neighbor would kill him or her if possible, in every way they are capable of, which is to inflict violence on their neighbor; and violence is what the voice of bloods properly symbolizes here.
Footnotes:
{*1} Raca is a Greek form of an Aramaic word meaning "empty," "worthless," "idle." Here it is used as a term of abuse (Liddell and Scott 1968, under ῥακά). [LHC, RS]
{*2} The term "Sanhedrin" refers to any of several councils of the Jews in Palestine under Roman occupation. Although the function of the councils is a matter of scholarly dispute — they seem to have served a mixture of executive, judicial, legislative, and religious functions — clearly this particular Sanhedrin is envisioned as a court of law. [SS]
{*3} "Gehenna" is a variant name of the Valley of the Children of Hinnom (גֵּיא בֶן-הִנֹּם [gê ḇen-hinnōm]) south of Jerusalem, where the children of Israel once "passed their children through the fire" (sacrificed them) for Moloch, the god of the Ammonites. Josiah, king of Judah, obeying the commands of the recently rediscovered Torah, defiled this site in his campaign against idolatry (2 Kings 23:10), and in keeping with this historical defilement, it was later used as a refuse dump. The Old Testament refers to this valley in several places (for instance, Jeremiah 7:31-32), and by New Testament times "Gehenna" had become more or less synonymous with hell (and in some versions of the Bible today is so translated). In Mark 9:43-45, Christ, quoting Isaiah 66:24, describes Gehenna as a place for the wicked, "where their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched." [LHC, RS]
{*4} In both the Hebrew and the Latin, the word here translated "hems" (Hebrew כָּנָף [kānāṕ]; Latin ala) can also mean "wings;" see note 1 in 777. [LHC, JSR]
Potts(1905-1910) 374
374. That the "voice of bloods" signifies that violence had been done to charity, is evident from many passages in the Word, in which "voice" denotes anything that accuses, and "blood" any kind of sin, and especially hatred; for whosoever bears hatred toward his brother, kills him in his heart; as the Lord teaches:
Ye have heard that it was said to them of old, Thou shalt not kill, and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment; but I say unto you, that whosoever is angry with his brother rashly shall be in danger of the judgment; and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council; but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of the hell of fire (Matt. 5:21, 22), by which words are meant the degrees of hatred. Hatred is contrary to charity, and kills in whatever way it can, if not with the hand, yet in spirit, and is withheld only by external restraints from the deed of the hand. Therefore all hatred is "blood" as in Jeremiah:
Why makest thou thy way good to seek love? Even in thy skirts are found the bloods of the souls of the needy innocent ones (Jer. 2:33-34). [2] And as hatred is denoted by "blood" so likewise is every kind of iniquity, for hatred is the fountain of all iniquities. As in Hosea:
Swearing falsely, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they rob, and bloods, in bloods have they touched; therefore shall the land mourn, and everyone that dwelleth therein shall languish (Hos. 4:2-3). And in Ezekiel, speaking of unmercifulness:
Wilt thou judge the city of bloods, and make known to her all her abominations? a city that sheddeth bloods in the midst of it. Thou art become guilty through thy blood that thou hast shed (Ezek. 22:2-4, 6, 9). In the same:
The land is full of the judgment of bloods, and the city is full of violence (Ezek. 7:23). And in Jeremiah:
For the sins of the prophets of Jerusalem, and the iniquities of her priests, that have shed the blood of the righteous in the midst of her, they wander blind in the streets, they have been polluted with blood (Lam. 4:13-14). 13, 14). In Isaiah:
When the Lord shall wash away the filth of the daughters of Zion, and shall have purged the bloods of Jerusalem from the midst, with the spirit of judgment, and with the spirit of burning (Isa. 4:4). And again:
Your palms are defiled in blood, and your fingers in iniquity (Isa. 59:3). In Ezekiel, speaking of the abominations of Jerusalem, which are called "bloods:" I passed by thee, and saw thee trampled in thine own bloods, and I said unto thee, Live in thy bloods, yea, I said unto thee, Live in thy bloods (Ezek. 16:6, 22). [3] The unmercifulness and hatred of the last times are also described by "blood" in the Revelation (16:3, 4). "Bloods" are mentioned in the plural, because all unjust and abominable things gush forth from hatred, as all good and holy ones do from love. Therefore he who feels hatred toward his neighbor would murder him if he could, and indeed does murder him in any way he can; and this is to do violence to him, which is here properly signified by the "voice of bloods."
Elliott(1983-1999) 374
374. That 'the voice of blood'a means violence done to charity is clear from many places in the Word where 'voice' stands for everything that accuses, and 'blood' for all sin, especially hatred. For anyone who hates his brother murders him in his own heart, as the Lord teaches,
You have heard that it was said to the men of old, You shall not kill, and whoever kills will be liable to judgement. But I say to you that whoever is angry with his brother without cause will be liable to judgement Whoever indeed says to his brother, Raca! will be liable to the Sanhedrin And whoever says You fool! will be liable to the Gehenna of fire. Matt 5:21, 22.These sayings denote degrees of hatred. Hatred is contrary to charity; and though a person does not actually commit murder, the intention to do so is still there, and by whatever possible method. It is external restraints alone which prevent murder actually being committed. And this is why all hatred is called blood, as in Jeremiah,
How well you direct Your way in the quest for love! Yes, in your skirts the blood of needy innocent souls is found. Jer 2:33, 34.
[2] And since hatred is meant by blood, so is every kind of wickedness, for hatred is the source of all wickedness, as in Hosea,
Perjuring, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they commit robbery, and blood' has followed on blood.a Therefore the land will mourn and every inhabitant will anguish. Hosea 4:2, 3. And in Ezekiel,
Will you judge the city of blood' and declare to her all her abominations? A City that sheds blood' in the midst of her. By your blood which you have shed you have become guilty. Ezek 22:2-4, 6, 9. This is referring to the lack of compassion. In the same prophet,
The land is full of the judgement of blood,a and the city is full of violence. Ezek 7:23.
And in Jeremiah,
For the sins of the prophets of Jerusalem, the iniquities of her priests who shed in the midst of her the blood of the righteous, they wander blind in the streets; they are defiled with blood. Lam 4:13, 14.
In Isaiah,
When the Lord will have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion and wiped away from its midst the blooda of Jerusalem by a spirit of judgment and by a spirit of burning. Isa 4:4.In the same prophet, Your hands are defiled with blood, and your fingers with iniquity. Isa 59:3. In Ezekiel,
I passed by you and saw you weltering in your blood,a and I said to you, Live in your blooda I indeed said to you, Live in your blood.a Ezek 16:6, 22.This refers to the abominations of Jerusalem, which are called 'blood'a. Lack of compassion, and hatred, in the last times a real so described as blood in Rev 16:3, 4. The plural 'bloods' is used because all forms of iniquity and abomination well up out of hatred, just as all forms of good and holiness do out of love. Anyone therefore who hates his neighbour would murder him if he could, and he does do so in whatever way he can. That is to say, he does him violence, which is strictly the meaning here of 'voice of blood'.a
Latin(1748-1756) 374
374. Quod 'vox sanguinum' significet violentiam illatam charitati, constat a pluribus in Verbo; in quo 'vox' accipitur pro omni quod accusat, et 'sanguis' pro omni peccato, imprimis pro odio; nam qui odio habet fratrem, corde suo eum occidit, ut Dominus docet, Audivistis quod veteribus dictum sit, Non occides; quisquis autem occiderit, obnoxius erit judicio; Ego vero dico vobis, quod quisquis irascitur fratri suo temere, obnoxius erit judicio; quicumque vero dixerit fratri suo, Raka, obnoxius erit synedrio; quicumque autem dixerit, Stulte, obnoxius erit gehennae ignis, Matth. v 21, 22;per quae intelliguntur odii gradus; odium est contrarium charitati; et si non manu, usque animo, et quocumque modo possit, occidit; sunt modo vincula externa quae inhibent ne manu; quare omne odium est sanguis; ut apud Jeremiam, Quid bonam facis viam tuam ad quaerendum amorem?... etiam in alis tuis inventi sunt sanguis animarum egenorum innocentium, ii 33, 34. [2] Et quia odium est 'sanguis,' omnis iniquitas est sanguis, nam fons omnium iniquitatum est odium; ut apud Hosheam, Pejerare, et mentiri, et occidere, et furari, et adulterari, latrocinantur, et sanguines in sanguinibus attigerunt; propterea lugebit terra, et contabescet omnis habitans in ea, iv 2, 3;
et apud Ezechielem, Num judicabis urbem sanguinum, et notifices ei omnes abominationes ejus?... urbs effundens sanguines in medio sui,... per sanguinem tuum, quem effudisti, rea facta es, Xxii 2-4, 6, 9;
ubi agitur de immisericordia: apud eundem, Terra plena est judicio sanguinum, et urbs plena est violentia, vii 23;
et apud Jeremiam, Ob peccata prophetarum Hierosolymae iniquitates sacerdotum ejus, effundentium in medio ejus sanguinem justorum, vagantur caeci in plateis, polluti sunt sanguine, Thren. iv 13, 14:
apud Esaiam, Cum abluet Dominus sordes filiarum Zionis, et sanguines Hierosolymae deterserit e medio, spiritu judicii, et spiritu combustionis, lv 4:
apud eundem, Volae vestrae pollutae sunt in sanguine, et digiti vestri in iniquitate, lix 3:
apud Ezechielem, Praeterivi praeter te, vidique te conculcatam in sanguinibus tuis, et dixi tibi, In sanguinibus tuis vive; et dixit tibi, in sanguinibus tuis vive, xvi 6, 22;
ubi de abominationibus Hierosolymae, quae vocantur 'sanguines,' agitur. Immisericordia et odium ultimorum temporum describitur etiam per 'sanguinem' in Apoc. xvi 3, 4. Sanguines in plurali dicuntur quia omnia iniqua et abominabilia scaturiunt ex odio, sicut omnia bona et sancta ex amore; qui itaque odio habet proximum, eum si posset, occidit, et quocumque modo potest, occidit; quod est violentiam ei inferre, quae hic per 'vocem sanguinum' proprie significatur.