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922. (Verse 20) And the wine-press was trodden without the city. That this signifies the production of falsity from evil from hell, is evident from the signification of treading the wine-press, as denoting to produce truth from good; and, in the opposite sense, to produce falsity from evil. For grapes, of which wine is made in the wine-press, signify the good of charity; and, in the opposite sense, evil. And from good is produced truth, and from evil falsity. That these things, as well as the falsifications of the Word, are signified by the wine-press of the wrath of God, may be seen from the article just preceding (n. Leviticus 13:46; Numbers 5:1-6); and also the excrements, by which infernal things were signified, were carried outside the camp (Deuteronomy 23:13, 14).
[2] That the wine-press and treading it, signify the production of falsity from evil, and the production of truth from good, is evident from the Word, where wine-press is mentioned. That it signifies the production of falsity from evil, is seen from the following passages. As in Lamentations:
"The Lord hath prostrated all my mighty ones in the midst of me; he hath proclaimed against me, the time appointed to break the young men; the Lord hath trodden the wine-press of the daughter of Judah" (1:15).
The subject there treated of is the end of the church with the Jewish nation. And by the mighty ones whom the Lord has prostrated in the midst thereof, is signified the destruction of the love of good - those who are in the love of good being in the Word called mighty; because good from the love of it prevails against the hells, and thence is mighty. In the midst, signifies all, and everywhere. By breaking the young men, is signified the destruction of all understanding of truth. The time appointed denotes, when both the goods and truths of the church were devastated with that nation. This time was when the Lord came into the world, and is meant by the fulness of times. Hence by the Lord hath trodden the wine-press of the daughter of Judah, is signified the perversion of the church, and the adulteration of the Word, produced from evils of life and falsities of doctrine, the daughter of Judah denoting the church from the doctrine of truth from the Word, and the wine-press denoting the production of falsity from evil, and the consequent adulteration of the Word and the overturning of the church. This is attributed to the Lord in the sense of the letter; but it is inverted in the spiritual sense, in which it is meant that it would be done by that nation itself.
[3] In Joel:
"Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe; come, get ye down, for the wine-press is full, the vats overflowed; for their wickedness is great" (695).
[4] In Jeremiah
"The spoiler hath fallen upon thy vintage, whence gladness is gathered and joy out of Carmel, and out of the land of Moab; and I have made the wine to cease from the wine-presses; none shall tread with shouting; shouting shall be no shouting" (911). That there is no longer any truth because there is no good, is signified by making the wine to cease from the wine-presses. And that there is no longer joy from any spiritual love, is signified by none shall tread with shouting; the triumph of those who tread the wine-press being meant by shouting.
[5] In Isaiah:
"Who is this that cometh from Edom, sprinkled as to his garments from Bozrah, this that is honourable in his apparel, walking in the multitude of his strength? I who speak in justice, mighty to save. Wherefore art thou red as to thy garment, and thy garments as of him that treadeth in the wine-press? I have trodden the wine-press alone; and of the people not a man with me; wherefore I have trodden them in mine anger, and trampled them in my wrath; therefore their victory is sprinkled upon my garments, and I have polluted all my raiment" (183, 195 at the end, 627 at the end, 655, 805).
[6] That by the wine-press and the treading thereof, is signified the production of truth from good, because the grape signifies spiritual good, and the wine (vinum) from the grape the truth from that good, is clear from the following passages.
In Joel:
"Sons of Zion, rejoice. The floors are full of corn, and the wine-presses overflow with must (mustum) and oil" (2:23, 24).
The sons of Zion signify those who are in wisdom from Divine truth. The floors are full of corn, signifies that they have celestial good in abundance. The wine-presses overflow with must and oil, signifies that from the good of charity they have truth and its delight.
[7] In Matthew:
"A man, the father of a family, planted a vineyard and set a hedge about it, and digged a wine-press in it; and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen" who slew the servants sent to them, and lastly his son (21:33).
By the vineyard which the father of the family planted, is signified the church instituted with the sons of Jacob. By the hedge which he set about it, is signified a guard from the falsities of evil, which are from hell. And digged a wine-press in it, signifies that it had spiritual good. And built a tower, signifies interior truths from that good which looked to heaven. And let it out to husbandmen, signifies to that people. Who slew the servants that were sent to them, signifies the prophets. And lastly his son, signifies the Lord.
In Isaiah:
"My beloved had a vineyard in the horn of a son of oil, which he fenced about, and gathered out the stones thereof; and he planted it with a noble vine, and built a tower in the midst of it; also he hewed out a wine-press in it, and he waited for it to bring forth grapes; but it brought forth wild grapes" (5:1, 2).
By the vineyard, tower, and wine-press are here signified things similar to those explained just above, in Matthew; the rest may be seen explained (n. Hosea 9:1, 2; Joel 3:13; Numbers 18:26-30; Deuteronomy 15:14; 16:13; 2 Kings 6:27.
The reason of this is, that the harvest and corn-floor signify, from the corn and bread, the good of celestial love, which is love to the Lord; and the vintage and wine-press signify, from the grape and the wine, the good of spiritual love, which is love towards the neighbour. For those two loves make one as the efficient cause and the effect. These things are mentioned, because in this part of the Apocalypse the harvest, and afterwards the vintage, are similarly referred to - of the harvest (vers. 14, 15), and of the vintage (ver. 19).
922. Verse 20. And the wine-press was trodden without the city, signifies the bringing forth of falsity from evil out of hell. This is evident from the signification of "treading the wine-press," as being to bring forth truth from good, and in the contrary sense to bring forth falsity from evil, since "grapes," from which wine is made in the wine-press, signify the good of charity, and in the contrary sense evil; and from good truth is brought forth, and from evil falsity. That this, as well as falsifications of the Word, are signified by "the great wine-press of the anger of God," can be seen from the preceding article n. Leviticus 13:46; Numbers 5:1-6); and the excrements, by which things infernal were signified, were left without the camp (Deuteronomy 23:13, 14).
[2] That the "wine-press" and "treading it" signify the bringing forth of falsity from evil and the bringing forth of truth from good, can be seen from the Word where "wine-press" is mentioned. That it signifies the bringing forth of falsity from evil can be seen from the following passages. In Lamentations:
The Lord hath prostrated all my strong ones in the midst of me, He hath proclaimed against me an appointed time for breaking my young men; the Lord hath trodden the wine-press for the daughter of Judah (Lamentations 1:15).
This treats of the end of the church with the Jewish nation; and "the strong ones whom the Lord hath prostrated in the midst thereof" signifies the destruction of the love of good; those who are in love of good are called in the Word "strong ones," because good from its love prevails over the hells, and is therefore "strong." "In the midst" signifies all and everywhere. "To break the young men" signifies the destruction of all the understanding of truth; "an appointed time" means when both the goods and the truths of the church were all devastated with that nation; this time was when the Lord came into the world, and is what is meant by "the fullness of times." So "the Lord hath trodden the wine-press for the daughter of Judah" signifies the perversion of the church and the adulteration of the Word that is brought forth from evils of life and falsities of doctrine, "the daughter of Judah" being the church from the doctrine of truth from the Word, and "wine-press" being the bringing forth of falsity from evil, and the consequent adulteration of the Word and overthrow of the church. In the sense of the letter this is attributed to the Lord; but this is reversed in the spiritual sense, in which it is meant that this was done by that nation itself.
[3] In Joel:
Send forth the sickle, for the harvest is ripe; come, get ye down, for the wine-press is full, the vats have overflowed; for their wickedness is great (695)
[4] In Jeremiah:
Upon thy vintage hath the spoiler fallen; therefore gladness and joy are gathered out of Carmel, and out of the land of Moab; and I have caused the wine to cease from the wine-presses; none shall tread with shouting; the shouting shall be no shouting (919; that there is no longer any truth because there is no good is signified by "I have caused the wine to cease from the wine-presses;" and that there is no longer any joy from any spiritual love is signified by "none shall tread with shouting," "shouting" meaning the rejoicing of those that tread the wine press.
[5] In Isaiah:
Who is this that cometh from Edom, His garments sprinkled from Bozrah, He that is honorable in His apparel, walking in the multitude of His strength? I that speak in justice, mighty to save. Wherefore art Thou red in Thy garment, and Thy garments as of one that treadeth in the wine-press? I have trodden the wine-press alone; and of the people not a man was with Me; therefore have I trodden them in mine anger, and trampled them in My wrath; therefore their victory is sprinkled upon My garments, and I have stained all My raiment (183, 195, 627, 655, 805).
[6] That "wine-press" and "treading it" signify the bringing forth of truth from good, because "the grape" signifies spiritual good, and "wine from the grape" truth from that good, can be seen from the following passages.
In Joel:
Rejoice, ye sons of Zion, the floors are full of corn, and the winepresses overflow with new wine and oil (Joel 2:23, 24).
"Sons of Zion" signify those who are in wisdom from the Divine truth; "the floors are full of corn" signifies that they have celestial good in abundance; "the wine-presses overflow with new wine and oil" signifies that from the good of charity they have truth and its delight.
[7] In Matthew:
A man, a householder, planted a vineyard, and set a hedge about it, and digged a wine-press in it, and built a tower; and let it out to husbandmen, who slew the servants sent to them, and finally the son (Matthew 21:33).
The "vineyard" which the householder planted signifies the church that was instituted with the sons of Jacob; the "hedge" which he set about it signifies protection from the falsities of evil, which are from hell; "and digged a wine-press in it" signifies that it had spiritual good; "and built a tower" signifies interior truths from that good which looked to heaven; "and let it out to husbandmen" signifies to that people; "they slew the servants that were sent to them" signifies that they slew the prophets; "and finally the son" signifies the Lord.
[8] In Isaiah:
My beloved had a vineyard in a horn of a son of oil, which he fenced and gathered out the stones, and planted it with a noble vine, and built a tower in the midst of it, and also hewed out a wine-press in it; and he looked that it should bring forth grapes, but it brought forth wild grapes (Isaiah 5:1, 2).
"Vineyard," "tower," and "wine-press," have a like signification here as just above in Matthew. (The rest may be seen explained n. Hosea 9:1, 2; Joel 2:23, 24; 3:13; Numbers 18:26-30; Deuteronomy 15:14; 16:13; 2 Kings 6:27); and for the reason that "harvest" and "corn-floor," from "corn" and "bread" signify the good of celestial love, which is love to the Lord; and "vintage" and "wine-press," from the "grape" and the "wine," signify the good of spiritual love, which is love towards the neighbor; for these two loves make one, like an efficient cause and its effect. This has been said because here in Revelation the "harvest" is mentioned, and afterwards the "vintage" in the same way. (For the "harvest" see verses 14, 15; and the "vintage," verse 19.)
922. [Vers. 20.] "Et calcatum est torcular extra urbem." Quod significet productionem falsi ex malo ab inferno, constat ex significatione "calcare torcular", quod sit producere verum ex bono, et in opposito sensu producere falsum ex malo; nam "uvae", ex quibus in torculari fiebat vinum, significant bonum charitatis, et in opposito sensu malum; et ex bono producitur verum, et ex malo falsum; quod haec, tum falsificationes Verbi, per "torcular irae Dei magnum" significentur, ex mox praecedente articulo (n. 920) videatur: et ex significatione "extra urbem", quod sit ex inferno; per "urbem" enim significatur doctrina veri ex Verbo (videatur supra, n. 223), "extra urbem" autem doctrina falsi ex falsificato Verbo; et quia falsificatio Verbi est ex inferno, inde per "extra urbem" 1
significatur ex inferno. Per "urbem" in Verbo significatur doctrina, at per "urbem Davidis" seu "Zionem", et per "urbem Hierosolymam", significatur ecclesia quoad Verbum et quoad doctrinam ex Verbo; inde per "extra urbem" significatur non ex Verbo et doctrina inde, et quae non ex Verbo et ex doctrina inde, ex inferno sunt. "Extra urbem" simile significat quod "extra castra" filiorum [Israelis] in deserto, per "castra" enim illorum significabatur caelum et ecclesia, et per "extra castra" significabatur infernum; quare leprosi et omnes immundi emittebantur extra castra (Leviticus 13:46; Numeri 5:1-6); et quoque excrementa, per quae significabantur infernalia, deferebantur extra castra (Deuteronomius 23:13, 14).
[2] Quod "torcular" et "calcare illud" significet productionem falsi ex malo, et productionem veri ex bono, constare potest ex Verbo, ubi "torcular" dicitur. Quod significet productionem falsi ex malo, ex sequentibus: In Threnis,
"Prostravit omnes robustos meos Dominus in medio mei, proclamavit contra me constitutum tempus ad frangendum juvenes..: torcular calcavit Dominus..filiae Jehudae" (1:15):
agitur ibi de fine ecclesiae apud gentem Judaicam; et per "robustos" quos "Dominus in medio ejus prostravit", significatur destructio amoris boni; illi qui in amore boni sunt, in Verbo dicuntur "robusti", quia bonum ex amore ejus valet contra inferna, et inde robustum est; "in medio" significat omnes et ubivis; per "frangere juvenes" significatur destructio omnis intellectus veri; "constitutum tempus" est quando omnia tam bona quam vera ecclesiae apud illam gentem devastata sunt; hoc tempus erat cum Dominus in mundum venit, ac intelligitur per "plenitudinem temporum": inde per "torcular calcavit Dominus filiae Jehudae", significatur perversio ecclesiae, et adulteratio Verbi ex malis vitae et falsis doctrinae producta; "filia Jehudae" est ecclesia ex doctrina veri ex Verbo, ac "torcular" est productio falsi ex malo, et inde adulteratio Verbi, et eversio ecclesiae: tribuitur hoc Domino in sensu litterae, sed hoc invertitur in sensu spirituali, in quo intelligitur quod illud ab ipsa gente.
[3] Apud Joelem,
"Emittite falcem quia maturuit messis; venite, descendite, quia plenum est torcular, exundarunt lacus; eo quod magna malitia eorum" (4 [B.A. 3:13] 13):
devastatio ecclesiae quoad bonum et quoad verum ita describitur; et per quod "plenum sit torcular, et exundent lacus", significatur quod non nisi quam falsa ex malo essent. (Reliqua videantur supra, n. 911 [b] , explicata.) Apud Hoscheam,
"Ne laeteris, Israel, super similitudine, sicut gentes; quia scortatus es sub Deo tuo, amasti mercedem meretriciam super omnibus areis frumenti; area et torcular non pascet eos, et mustum mentietur illi" (9:1, 2):
agitur ibi de falsificatione Verbi; "area et torcular non pascet eos", significat quod ex Verbo non haurient bona et vera, quae nutriant animam. (Sed haec etiam prius, n. 695 [d] , explicata sunt.)
[4] Apud Jeremiam,
"Super vindemiam tuam vastator cecidit, unde collecta est laetitia, et gaudium ex Carmele, et ex terra Moabi; et vinum ex torcularibus cessare feci, non calcabit hedad, hedad non hedad" (48 [32,] 33, 34):
quid per "vindemiam" super quam vastator cecidit, et quid per "laetitiam et gaudium" quae collecta sunt, significatur, videatur supra (n. 919 2
); quod non verum amplius quia non bonum, significatur per "Fecit cessare vinum in torcularibus"; et quod non gaudium ex aliquo amore spirituali amplius, significatur per "Non calcabit hedad"; ovatio calcantium torcular intelligitur per "hedad."
[5] Apud Esaiam,
"Quis hic qui venit ex Edom, conspersus vestes ex Bozra, hic honorabilis in vestitu suo, incedens in multitudine roboris sui? Ego qui loquor in justitia, magnus ad salvandum. Quare rubicundus quoad vestem tuam, et vestes tuae sicut calcantis in torculari? Torcular calcavi solus, et de populis non vir Mecum; propterea calcavi eos in ira mea, et conculcavi eos in excandescentia mea; unde sparsa est victoria eorum super vestes meas, et omne vestimentum meum pollui" (63:1-3):
haec de Domino, et de pugnis Ipsius contra omnia inferna; et quia contra illa ex Humano, in quo Ipsum Divinum fuit, pugnavit, dicitur, "Quis hic venit ex Edom, conspersus vestes ex Bozra?" per quae significatur pugnans ex Bono Amoris et ex Vero, quae ex Divino; Edom enim significat rubicundum, et Bozrah vindemiationem, ac "rubicundum" dicitur de bono, ac "vindemiatio" de vero; et quia illa per "Edomum" et per "Bozram" significantur, ideo in sequentibus dicitur, "rubicundus" et "sicut calcans in torculari": et quia Divinum Bonum ac Divinum Verum, quod hic intelligitur, est Verbum in littera, et hoc significatur per "vestes Domini", ideo dicitur, "conspersus vestes", tum "honorabilis in vestitu suo"; et quia Verbo in littera inest omne robur, dicitur, "incedens in multitudine roboris sui": judicium super bonos et super malos ex Divino suo, et salvatio inde, intelligitur per "Ego qui loquor in justitia, magnus ad salvandum": violentia illata Verbo a gente Judaica, significatur per "Quare rubicundus quoad vestem, et vestes tuae sicut calcantis in torculari?" "rubicundus quoad vestem" dicitur de violentia illata Divino Bono Verbi, quod supra per "Edomum" intellectum est, ac "vestes sicut calcantis in torculari" dicuntur de violentia illata Divino Vero ibi, quod supra per "Bozram" intellectum est: "vestes Domini" significant Verbum in littera, cui violentia illata est per adulterationes et falsificationes ejus; prostratio infernorum ac falsorum inde ex propria potentia, significatur per "Torcular calcavi solus, et de populis non vir Mecum": dejectio illorum in inferna qui in diris malis et inde falsis fuerunt, significatur per "Calcavi eos in ira mea, et conculcavi eos in excandescentia mea"; "ira" dicitur de malis et "excandescentia" de falsis; haec tribuuntur Domino, tametsi illi qui in malis et inde falsis sunt irascuntur et excandescunt contra Dominum; et quia judicium, quo subjugata sunt inferna, factum est a Domino per tentationes in Humanum suum admissas, usque ad ultimam quae fuit passio crucis, ideo dicitur, "Unde sparsa est victoria eorum super vestes meas, et omne vestimentum meum pollui"; Dominus enim per omnia passionis suae, et per ultimam in cruce, repraesentavit violentiam a gente Judaica illatam Verbo, seu Divino Vero (de qua re videatur supra, n. 183 [b] 195 [c] fin. , 627 [c] fin. , 655 [a] 805 [d]).
[6] Quod per "torcular" et "calcationem ejus" significetur productio veri ex bono, quia per "uvam" significatur bonum spirituale, ac per "vinum ex uva" verum ex illo bono, constat ex sequentibus locis: Apud Joelem,
"Filii Zionis gaudete, .... plenae sunt areae frumento.., et exundant torcularia mustum et oleum" (2:23, 24):
"filii Zionis" significant illos qui in sapientia sunt ex Divino Vero; "plenae sunt areae frumento", significat bonum caeleste quod illis in copia; "exundant torcularia mustum et oleum", significat ex bono charitatis illis verum et ejus jucundum.
[7] Apud Matthaeum,
"Homo Paterfamilias..plantavit vineam, et sepem ei circumposuit, et fodit in ea torcular, et aedificavit turrim, et locavit..agricolis", qui occiderunt servos ad illos missos, et denique Filium (21:33);
per "vineam", quam Paterfamilias plantavit, significatur ecclesia apud filios Jacobi instituta; per "sepem", quam ei circumposuit, significatur custodia a falsis mali quae ab inferno; "et fodit in ea torcular", significat quod ei bonum spirituale; "et aedificavit turrim", significat vera interiora ex illo bono, quae spectabant caelum; "et locavit agricolis", significat populo illi; qui occiderunt "servos ad illos missos", significat prophetas; et denique "Filium", significat Dominum.
[8] Apud Esaiam,
"Vinea fuit dilecto meo in cornu filii olei, quam circumdedit et elapidavit; et plantavit eam vite nobili, et aedificavit turrim in medio ejus etiamque torcular excidit in ea, et exspectavit ut faceret uvas, sed fecit labruscas" (5:1, 2):
per "vineam", "turrim" et "torcular" hic similia significantur quae mox supra apud Matthaeum. (Reliqua videantur, n. 918, explicata.)
In plerisque locis ubi "vindemia" et "torcular", etiam simul "messis" et "area" dicitur; (Ut Hoschea 9:1, 2; Joel 2:23, 24; cap. 4 [B.A. [3] 13; Numeri 18:26-30; Deutr. 15:14 3
; cap. Deutr. 16:13:2 Regnum 6:27);
ex causa quia "messis" et "area", ex frumento et pane, significat bonum amoris caelestis, qui est amor in Dominum, ac "vindemia" et "torcular", ex uva et vino, significat bonum amoris spiritualis, qui est amor erga proximum; bini enim illi amores unum faciunt sicut causa efficiens et effectus. Haec dicta sunt, quia in Apocalypsi hic similiter dicitur de "messe", et postea de "vindemia" (de "messe", vers. 14, 15 et de "vindemia", vers. 19).
Footnotes:
1. The editors made a correction or note here.
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3. The editors made a correction or note here.