7523.“在人身上和牲畜身上”表内层和外层邪恶的产物。这从“人”的含义清楚可知，“人”是指对良善的情感，在反面意义上是指对邪恶的欲望；“牲畜”在含义上是一样的；但录“人和牲畜”一同被提及时，“人”表示内层情感或欲望，“牲畜”表示外层情感或欲望（参看7424节）。人所表示的内层良善或内层邪恶与意图或目的有关，因为意图或目的是人的至内层，或说在人的核心；而“牲畜”所表示的外层良善或外层邪恶与思维和随之没有拦挡时的行为有关。“牲畜”之所以表示外层良善或外层之物，是因为就外在人或属世人而言，人无非是一个牲畜，因为他被赋予相似的欲望和乐趣，也被赋予相似的食欲和感觉。“人”之所以表示内层良善或内层之物，是因为就内在人或属灵人而言，人是一个人，他在这内在层面上被赋予诸如属于天上天使的那种对良善与真理的情感，还因为他通过这内在人或属灵人掌控他的属世人或动物人，也就是“牲畜”。“牲畜”表示对良善的情感，在反面意义上表示对邪恶的欲望（参看45-46，142-143，246，714-715，719，776，2179-2180，3218，3519，5198节）。
这也是以下经文中“人和牲畜”的含义：
我的怒气和忿怒必倾在这地方，倾在人和牲畜身上。（耶利米书7:20）
又：
我必击打这城的居民，连人带牲畜；他们都必遭遇大瘟疫死亡。（耶利米书21:6）
又：
使她的地荒凉，无人居住，连人带牲畜都四散逃走了。（耶利米书50:3）
以西结书：
若有一地犯罪得罪我，我必将人与牲畜从其中剪除。（以西结书14:13，19，21）
又：
我必伸手攻击以东，将人与牲畜从其中剪除，使它变为荒凉。（以西结书25:13）
西番雅书：
我必除灭人和牲畜，除灭空中的鸟、海里的鱼，以及绊脚石和恶人；我必将人从地面上剪除。（西番雅书1:3）
在以下经文中，“人和牲畜”表示内层和外层良善：
我用大能创造大地和人、牲畜。（耶利米书27:5）
耶利米书：
耶和华说，看哪！日子将到，我要把人的种和牲畜的种，播种在以色列家和犹大家。（耶利米书31:27）
又：
这地是荒凉、无人、无牲畜。（耶利米书32:43）
又：
但在这荒凉无人无居民无牲畜的犹大城邑和耶路撒冷的街上。（耶利米书33:10；51:62）
诗篇：
你的公义好像神的山，你的判断如同大深渊。耶和华啊，人和牲畜你都救护。（诗篇36:6）
正因“人和牲畜”表示这类事物，所以埃及人的头胎，无论是人的还是牲畜的，都死了（出埃及记12:29）；头生的归耶和华为圣，无论是人的还是牲畜的（民数记18:15）；尼尼微王为遵行神圣的宗教仪式，命令人与牲畜都当禁食，还要披上麻布（约拿书3:7-8）。
Potts(1905-1910) 7523
7523. And it shall be upon man and upon beast. That this signifies which are from evil interior and exterior, is evident from the signification of "man," as being the affection of good, and in the opposite sense the cupidity of evil; in like manner "beast;" but when "man and beast" are mentioned, then by "man" is signified interior affection or cupidity, and by "beast" exterior (see n. 7424). The interior good and also the interior evil which are signified by "man" are those which are of the intention or end, for the intention or end is the inmost of man; but the exterior good and also the exterior evil which are signified by "beast" are those which are of the thought, and of the consequent action when nothing stands in the way. That what is exterior is signified by "beast" is because in respect to his external or natural man, a man is nothing else than a beast, for he takes delight in the like cupidities and pleasures, as also in the like appetites and senses. And the reason why that which is interior is signified by "man" is that man is man in respect to the internal or spiritual man, taking delight there in the affections of good and truth, such as belong to the angels in heaven, and also because through this he rules his natural or animal man, which is a beast. (That a "beast" denotes the affection of good, and in the opposite sense the yearning of evil, see n. 45-46, 142-143, 246, 714-715, 719, 776, 2179-2180, 3218, 3519, 5198.) [2] Such is the signification of "man and beast" also in the following passages:
Mine anger and My wrath have been poured out upon this place, upon man and upon beast (Jer. 7:20). I will smite the inhabitants of this city, both man and beast; they shall die of a great pestilence (Jer. 21:6). It shall make her land a desolation, that none shall dwell therein; from man even to beast they have scattered, they have gone away (Jer. 50:3). When a land sinneth against Me by trespassing a trespass, I will cut off from it man and beast (Ezek. 14:13, 19, 21). I will stretch out My hand upon Edom, and will cut off from it man and beast; and I will make it a waste (Ezek. 25:13). I will consume man and beast, I will consume the bird of the heavens and the fishes of the sea, and the stumbling blocks together with the wicked; and I will cut off man from the surfaces of the land (Zeph. 1:3). [3] "Man and beast" denote interior and exterior good in the following passages:
I have made the earth, the man and the beast, by My great power (Jer. 27:5). Behold the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man, and with the seed of beast (Jer. 31:27). The earth shall be a desolation, so that there is no man or beast (Jer. 32:43). In the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, that are laid waste, no man and no inhabitant and no beast (Jer. 33:10; 51:62). Thy righteousness is like the mountains of God; Thy judgments are a great deep; O Jehovah, Thou preservest man and beast (Ps. 36:6). Because such things were signified by "man and beast," therefore the firstborn of the Egyptians died, both of men and of beasts (Exod. 12:29); and therefore the firstborn were sanctified, both of man and of beast (Num. 18:15); and therefore also from a holy rite it was commanded by the king of Nineveh, that both man and beast were to fast, and were also to be covered with sackcloth (Jonah 3:7-8).
Elliott(1983-1999) 7523
7523. 'And there will be on man and on beast' means the products of interior and exterior evil. This is clear from the meaning of 'man' as the affection for good, and in the contrary sense as the desire for evil; and 'beast' is similar in meaning. But when 'man' and 'beast' are mentioned together, 'man means interior affection or desire and 'beast' exterior; regarding both, see 7424. Interior good or else interior evil, which is meant by 'man', is that connected with intentions or ends in view, for intentions or ends in view are at a person's core, whereas exterior good or else exterior evil, which is meant by 'beast', is that connected with thought and consequently, if nothing stands in the way, with action. Exterior good is meant by 'beast' because a person is in respect of his external or natural man no different from a beast; for he is endowed with similar desires and also cravings, as well as appetites and senses. And interior good is meant by 'man because it is in respect of his internal or spiritual man that a person is a human being, on which internal level he is endowed with affections for what is good and true such as exist with the angels in heaven, and because he controls his natural or animal man, which is 'a beast', by means of that internal man. Regarding the meaning of 'beast' as the affection for good and in the contrary sense the desire for evil, see 45, 46, 142, 143, 246, 714, 715, 719, 776, 2179, 2180, 3218, 3519, 5198.
[2] These things are what are meant by 'man and beast' in the following places too: In Jeremiah,
My anger and My wrath have been poured out on this place, on man and on beast. Jer 7:20
In the same prophet,
I will strike the inhabitants of this city, both man and beast; they will die of a great pestilence. Jer 21:6.
In the same prophet,
It will make her land a desolation, so that none may dwell in it; both man and beast have scattered themselves, they have gone away Jer 50:3.
In Ezekiel,
When a land has sinned against Me by committing great transgression, I will cut off from it man and beast. Ezek 14:13, 19, 21.
In the same prophet,
I will stretch out My hand over Edom, and cut off from it man and beast, and make it a waste. Ezek 25:13.
In Zephaniah,
I will consume man and beast, I will consume the birds of the air and the fish of the sea, and the stumbling-blocks with the wicked; and I will cut off man from the surface of the earth. Zeph 1:3.
[3] 'Man and beast' stands for interior and exterior good in the following places: In Jeremiah,
I have made the earth, man and beast, by My great strength. Jer 27:5.
In the same prophet,
Behold, the days are coming, said Jehovah, in which I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man and the seed of beast. Jer 31:17.
In the same prophet,
A desolation will the earth be, so that man and beast are not there. Jer 32:43.In the same prophet,
In the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, that have been devastated, there is no man and inhabitant, and there is no beast. Jer 33:10; 51:62.
In David,
Your righteousness is like the mountains of God, Your judgements a great deep; You preserve man and beast, O Jehovah. Ps 36:6.
It was because 'man and beast' meant such things that the firstborn of the Egyptians died, not only of men but also of beasts, Exod 12:29, and that the firstborn were consecrated [to Jehovah], not only of men but also of beasts, Num 18:15, and also that the king of Nineveh, following sacred religious practice, commanded that not only man but also beast should fast and also be clothed in sackcloth, Jonah 3:7-8.
Latin(1748-1756) 7523
7523. `Et erit super homine et super bestia'; quod significet quae ex malo interiore et exteriore, constat ex significatione `hominis' quod sit {1}affectio boni, et in opposito sensu cupiditas mali, similiter `bestia', sed cum nominatur `homo et bestia,' tunc per `hominem' significatur affectio seu cupiditas interior, et per `bestiam' exterior, de quibus videatur n. 7424; bonum interius et quoque malum interius, quae per `hominem' significantur sunt quae intentionis {2}seu finis sunt, nam intentio {3}seu finis intimum hominis est; bonum autem exterius et quoque malum exterius, quae per `bestiam' significantur, sunt quae cogitationis, et inde, cum nihil obstat, {4}actionis; quod exterius significetur per `bestiam,' est quia homo quoad externum seu naturalem suum hominem non est nisi {2}quam bestia, similibus {5}enim cupiditatibus et quoque voluptatibus, ut et appetitibus et sensibus, gaudet; {6}et quod interius significetur per `hominem,' est quia homo quoad internum seu spiritualem hominem est homo, ibi gaudet affectionibus boni et veri, talibus quae sunt apud angelos in caelo, (x)et quia per illum regit naturalem seu animalem suum {7}hominem, qui bestia est; quod `bestia' sit {8}affectio boni, et in opposito sensu {9}cupiditas mali, videatur n. 45, 46, 142, 143, 246, 714, 715, 719, 776, 2179, 2180, 3218, 3519, 5198. 2 Illa sunt quae significantur per `hominem et bestiam' etiam in sequentibus locis: apud Jeremiam, Ira Mea et excandescentia Mea effusa est super locum hunc, super hominem et super bestiam, {10} vii 20:apud eundem, Percutiam habitatores urbis hujus, et hominem et bestiam, peste magna morientur, xxi 6:
apud eundem, Ponet terram ejus in desolationem, ut non habitans in ea, ab homine usque ad bestiam se dimoverunt, abiverunt, l 3:
apud Ezechielem, Quando terra peccaverit Mihi, praevaricando praevaricationem, exscindam ex ea hominem et bestiam, xiv 13, 19, 21:
apud eundem, Extendam manum Meam super Edomum, et exscindam ex ea hominem et bestiam, et dabo illam vastitatem, xxv 13:
apud Zephaniam, Consumam hominem et bestiam, consumam avem caelorum, et pisces maris, et offendicula cum impiis, et exscindam hominem a superficiebus terrae, i 3. 3 `Homo et bestia' pro bono interiore et exteriore in sequentibus locis: apud Jeremiam, Ego feci terram, hominem et bestiam per virtutem Meam magnam, xxvii 5:
apud eundem, Ecce dies venientes, dictum Jehovae, quibus seminabo domum Israelis et domum Jehudae, semine hominis et semine bestiae, xxxi 27:
apud eundem, Desolatio erit terra, ita ut non homo et bestia, xxxii 43:
apud eundem, In urbibus Jehudae, et in plateis Hierosolymae, (x)devastatis non homo et non habitator, et non bestia, xxxiii 10, li 62:
apud Davidem, Justitia Tua sicut montes Dei, (x)judicia Tua abyssus magna, hominem et bestiam servas, Jehovah, Ps. xxxvi (x)7 [A.V. 6]. Quia per `hominem et bestiam' illa significata sunt, idcirco Primogenita Aegyptiorum, tam hominum quam bestiarum, (11}mortua sunt, Exod. xii 29:
ac ideo {12}Sanctificata sunt primogenita, tam de homine quam de bestia, Num. xviii 15:
ac ideo quoque ex ritu sancto mandatum {13}est a rege Ninives, ut Tam homo quam bestia jejunarent, et quoque saccis operirentur, Jon. iii 7, 8. @1 bonum, et in opposito sensu malum, et ex significatione bestiae, quod sit affectio boni, et in opposito sensu cupiditas mali$ @2 et$ @3 aut$ @4 actus$ @5 ibi$ @6 at$ @7 hominis$ @8 affectiones$ @9 cupiditates$ @10 i Jerem.$ @11 occisa$ @12 sanctificati sunt Jehovae primogeniti$ @13 fuit$