110、但如今，若不从天堂得到启示，没有人能知道在天堂里的与尘世的属世事物相对应的属灵事物，因为对应的知识现已全然遗失。不过，我乐意通过一些例子来说明属灵事物与属世事物对应的性质。总的来说，地上的动物对应情感：温顺、有用的对应良善的情感；凶猛、无用的对应邪恶的情感，尤其牛和牛犊对应属世心智的情感，绵羊和羔羊对应属灵心智的情感，而鸟类根据它们的种类对应属世或属灵心智的智力活动。｛注1｝因此，各种动物，如牛和牛犊、公羊、绵羊、公山羊和母山羊、公羊羔和母羊羔，以及鸽子和斑鸠，都在犹太教会中被用于献祭。犹太教会是一个“代表”教会，｛注2｝献祭和燔祭就用这些动物，因为就此功用而言，它们与属灵事物相对应，在天堂，这些都根据对应被理解。
此外，动物照其属和种都是对应的情感，因为它们有生命，每个生命唯独来自情感并与情感相一致。因此，每种动物都有如其生命的情感相一致的与生俱来的知识。就人的属世人而言，人就像动物，因此在俗话中被比作动物。例如，人若是温和的，就被称为绵羊或羔羊；若是凶狠的，就被称为熊或狼；若是狡猾的，就被称为狐狸或蛇，等等。
｛注1｝：出于对应，动物表示情感：温顺、有用的动物表示良善的情感；凶猛、无用的动物表示邪恶的情感（41，45，46，142，143，246，714，716，719，2179，2180，3519，9280）。通过灵界的经历来说明（3218，5198，9090）。灵界流注进入动物的生命（1633，3646）。出于对应，牛和牛犊表示属世心智的情感（2180，2566，9391，10132，10407）。绵羊（4169，4809）和羔羊（3994，10132）表示什么。飞行的动物表示理智的事物（40，745，776，778，866，988，991，5149，7441）；从灵界经历可知，不同之处取决于它们的属和种（3219）。
｛注2｝：【英92】关于史威登堡对“教会”一词的使用，参见第1节注释【英2】。这里的“代表教会”，他的意思是“教会”或宗教文化专注于谨慎地执行规定的活动，无论其成员是否了解这些活动所反映的灵性实在。【中】或许可以理解为在教会的崇拜礼仪、献祭方面是“教会的代表”。关于“代表”与“对应”的区别可参阅38节注释。
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110. 但如今, 若不从天堂得到启示, 没有人能知道与尘世的属世事物相对应的天堂的属灵事物, 因为对应的知识现已全然遗失. 不过, 我乐意通过一些例子说明属灵事物与属世事物的对应是何性质. 总的来说, 地上的动物对应于情感: 温顺, 有用的动物对应于良善的情感; 凶猛, 无用的动物对应于邪恶的情感. 具体来说, 牛与牛犊对应于属世心智的情感, 绵羊与羔羊对应于属灵心智的情感; 而飞鸟照其种类对应于属世或属灵心智的认知活动. 因此, 各种动物, 如牛与牛犊, 公绵羊, 母绵羊, 公山羊, 母山羊, 公羊羔与母羊羔, 以及鸽子与斑鸠, 在犹太教会作献祭之用; 犹太教会是一个代表教会, 祭物和燔祭就由这些动物制成. 因为就此功用而言, 它们与属灵事物相对应; 在天堂, 这些都根据对应被理解. 此外, 动物照其种类和物种都是情感, 因为它们是活的; 各自的生命唯独来自并取决于情感. 因此, 每种动物都有符合其生命情感的与生俱来的知识. 就其属世人而言, 人就像动物, 并因此在日常用语中被比作动物. 例如, 他若是温和的, 就被称为绵羊或羔羊; 若是凶狠的, 就被称为熊或狼; 若是狡猾的, 就被称为狐狸或蛇, 诸如此类.
注: 动物出于对应而表示情感; 温顺, 有用的动物表示良善的情感, 凶猛, 无用的动物表示邪恶的情感(天国的奥秘 41, 45, 46, 142, 143, 246, 714, 716, 719, 2179, 2180, 3519, 9280节); 通过灵界经历来说明(天国的奥秘 3218, 5198, 9090节). 灵界流入动物的生命(天国的奥秘 1633, 3646节). 牛与牛犊由于对应而表示属世心智的情感(天国的奥秘 2180, 2566, 9391, 10132, 10407节). 绵羊(天国的奥秘 4169, 4809节)和羔羊(天国的奥秘 3994, 10132)表示什么. 飞行生物表示认知活动(天国的奥秘 40, 745, 776, 778, 866, 988, 991, 5149, 7441节); 从灵界经历可知, 不同之处取决于它们的属和种(天国的奥秘 3219节).
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110. 時至今日, 人無從知曉物質的事物如何對應天國心靈的事物, 除非從天得到啟示, 因為對應的學問現已全然遺失。下面我提供一些實例, 以說明物質的事物如何對應心靈的事物。
籠統而言, 世上的活物對應於各樣的情感。溫馴, 有用的動物對應於良善的情感, 兇猛, 無用的動物對應邪惡的情感。具體而言, 牛與牛犢對應于道德層面的情感, 綿羊與羊羔對應于心靈層面的情感。天空的飛鳥, 照其種類, 對應于任一思想層面(道德或心靈)的, 與智力相關的事情。牛, 牛犢, 公羊, 綿羊, 公山羊, 母山羊, 公羊羔, 母羊羔, 鴿子, 斑鳩等動物在猶太教中皆用於聖事, 原因在此。猶太教是一個象徵性的教會, 他們將這些動物用作牲祭和燔祭。事實上, 它們確與靈性的本質相對應, 天人就是以對應的方式來理解它們所表達的心靈本質。
動物照其種類對應於各樣的情感, 因為它們具有生命, 而情感是所有動物唯一的生命之源。就物質層次而言, 人也是動物, 這是人在俗語中被比作動物的原因。例如, 性情溫良之人被比作綿羊或羊羔, 性情粗暴之人被比作熊或狼, 奸詐狡猾之人則被比作狐狸或蛇, 等等。
110. Nowadays, though, no one can know about the spiritual things in heaven to which natural things in the world correspond except from heaven, because the knowledge of correspondence has now been completely lost. I should like to present a few examples to show what the correspondence of spiritual things with natural ones is like.
In general, earth's living creatures correspond to affections, the mild and useful ones to good affections, the fierce and useless ones to evil affections. Specifically, cattle and calves correspond to affections of the natural mind, sheep and lambs to affections of the spiritual mind. Flying creatures, species by species, correspond to cognitive activities of either level of the mind. 1This is why various animals such as cattle, calves, rams, sheep, male and female goats, male and female lambs, as well as pigeons and turtle doves were accepted for holy use in the Israelite church, which was a representative church. They used them for their sacrifices and burnt offerings, and in these uses they did in fact correspond to spiritual realities that are understood in heaven in accord with their correspondence.
The reason animals are affections, according to their genera and species, is that they are alive, and the only source of the life of any creature is from affection and is in proportion to it. We humans are like animals as far as our natural person is concerned, which is why we are compared to them in colloquial usage. For example, we call a gentle person a sheep or a lamb, a violent one a bear or a wolf, a crafty one a fox or a snake, and so on.
Footnotes:
1. By reason of correspondence, animals refer to affections; mild and useful animals to good affections, fierce and useless ones to evil affections: 45-46, 142-143, 246, 714, 716, 719, 2179-2180, 3519, 9280; illustrated by experience drawn from the spiritual world: 3218, 5198, 9090. On the inflow of the spiritual world into the lives of animals: 1633, 3646. By reason of correspondence, cattle and calves refer to affections of the natural mind: 2180, 2566, 9391, 10132, 10407. What birds mean: 4169, 4809. What lambs mean: 3994, 10132. Flying creatures mean cognitive activities: 40, 745, 776, 778, 866, 988, 993 [991?], 5149, 7441; varied as indicated by their genera and species, based on experience in the spiritual world: 3219.
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110. To know, however, the spiritual things in heaven to which natural things in the world correspond is possible to no one at the present day except from heaven, since the knowledge of correspondences has now been entirely lost. But the nature of the correspondence of spiritual things with natural I would illustrate by some examples. The living creatures of the earth, in general, correspond to affections, gentle and useful creatures to good affections, fierce and useless ones to evil affections. In particular, cattle and their young correspond to the affections of the natural mind, sheep and lambs to the affections of the spiritual mind, while winged creatures, according to their species, correspond to the intellectual things of either mind 1. For this reason, various animals, as cattle and their young, rams, sheep, she-goats, he-goats, he-lambs and she-lambs, also pigeons and turtle-doves were received for a sacred use in the Israelitish Church which was a representative Church, and sacrifices and burnt-offerings were made of them. For in that use they corresponded to things spiritual, and in heaven these were understood in accordance with correspondences. Moreover, animals according to their kinds and species, are affections, because they are living, and the life of each one is solely from, and in accordance with affection. Consequently, every animal has an innate knowledge in accord with its life's affection. Man, too, is similar to animals as to his natural man. Therefore, he is compared to them in common speech. For example, if he is gentle he is called a sheep or a lamb, if fierce, a bear or wolf, if cunning, a fox or a serpent, and so on.
Footnotes:
1. From correspondence "animals" signify affections; mild and useful animals good affections, fierce and useless ones evil affections (Arcana Coelestia 45-46, 142-143, 246, 714, 716, 719, 2179-2180, 3519, 9280); illustrated by experience from the spiritual world (Arcana Coelestia 3218, 5198, 9090).
Influx of the spiritual world into the lives of beasts (Arcana Coelestia 1633, 3646).
"Cattle and their young" from correspondence signify affections of the natural mind (Arcana Coelestia 2180, 2566, 9391, 10132, 10407).
What "sheep" signify (Arcana Coelestia 4169, 4809); and "lambs" (Arcana Coelestia 3994, 10132).
"Flying creatures" signify intellectual things (Arcana Coelestia 40, 745, 776, 778, 866, 988, 991, 5149, 6441); with a difference according to their genera and species, from experience in the spiritual world (Arcana Coelestia 3219).
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110. But at the present day no one can know the spiritual things in heaven to which the natural things in the world correspond except from heaven, since the knowledge of correspondences is now wholly lost. But the nature of the correspondence of spiritual things with natural I shall be glad to illustrate by some examples. The animals of the earth correspond in general to affection, mild and useful animals to good affections, fierce and useless ones to evil affections. In particular, cattle and their young correspond to the affections of the natural mind, sheep and lambs to the affections of the spiritual mind; while birds correspond, according to their species, to the intellectual things of the natural or the spiritual mind. 1For this reason various animals, as cattle and their young, rams, sheep, he-goats, and she-goats, he-lambs and she-lambs, also pigeons and turtledoves, were devoted to a sacred use in the Israelitish Church, which was a representative church, and sacrifices and burnt offerings were made of them. For they correspond in that use to spiritual things, and in heaven these were understood in accordance with the correspondences. Moreover, animals according to their kinds and species, because they have life, are affections; and the life of each one is solely from affection and in accordance with affection; consequently every animal has an innate knowledge that is in accord with its life's affection. Man is like an animal so far as his natural man is concerned, and is therefore likened to animals in common speech; for example, if he is gentle he is called a sheep or lamb, if fierce a bear or wolf, if cunning a fox or serpent, and so on.
Footnotes:
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110. Sed scire spiritualia quae in caelo, quibus naturalia quae in mundo correspondent, nullus hodie potest nisi e caelo, quoniam scientia correspondentiarum hodie plane deperdita est: qualis autem correspondentia spiritualium cum naturalibus est, velim per aliqua exempla illustrare. Animantia terrae in genere correspondent affectionibus mitia et utilia affectionibus bonis, immitia et inutilia affectionibus malis. In specie boves et juvenci correspondent affectionibus mentis naturalis; oves et agni affectionibus mentis spiritualis volatilia autem secundum species suas correspondent intellectualibus utriusque mentis: 1inde est, quod varia animalia, ut boves, juvenci, arietes, oves, caprae, hirci, agni et agnae, tum quoque columbi et turtures, in Ecclesia Israelitica, quae erat Ecclesia Repraesentativa, in usum sanctum recepta sint, et ex illis facta sacrificia et holocausta correspondebant enim in illo usu spiritualibus, quae intellecta sunt in caelo secundum correspondentias. Quod etiam animalia secundum sua genera et suas species, affectiones sint, est quia vivunt, et vita cuivis non aliunde est quam ex affectione et secundum illam inde est cuilibet animali innata scientia secundum vitae suae affectionem: homo etiam illis similis est quoad naturalem suum hominem; quare etiam comparatur illis in communi usu loquendi, ut si mitis vocatur ovis aut agnus, si ferus vocatur ursus seu lupus, si astutus vulpes aut serpens, et sic porro.
Footnotes: