474、但我们应该知道，是意志造就了人，而思想只有在出于意志时候才造就人。行为和作为则从这二者发出。换言之，是爱造就了人，而信只有在出于爱的情况下才造就人，行为或作为则从这二者发出。因此，意志或爱是人本身，因为凡发出之物都属于将它发出的源头，“发出”就是以适当的形式被提出和呈现，以便被感知和看见。｛注1｝这一切可以证实，与爱分离时的信仰是什么，也就是说，它已不是信仰，而仅仅是知识，在其中没有灵性生命；与爱分离的行为或作为也一样，也就是说，它已不是生命的行为或作为，而是死亡的行为或作为，只拥有生命的表象，却源于邪恶的爱和伪谬的信。这种生命的表象就是所谓的灵性的死亡。
｛注1｝：人的意志是他生命的本质存在，因为它是爱或良善的容器；理智是由此而来的生命的显现存在，因为它是信仰或真理的容器（3619，5002，9282）。因此，意志的生命是人的主要生命，理智的生命由此而来（585，590，3619，7342，8885，9282，10076，10109，10110）。正如光从火或火焰中产生一样（6032，6314）。由此可知，人之所以为人，是因为他的意志和由此而来的理智（8911，9069，9071，10076，10109，10110）。每个人都照其意志的良善和由意志而来的理智的良善而被别人爱和尊重。意愿好、理解好的人受人尊敬、被人爱；理解好而意愿不好的人，被人弃绝，被人藐视（8911，10076）。人死后，仍是他的意志和由此而来的理智的样子（9069，9071，9386，10153）。因此，人死后仍是他的爱和由此而来的信的样子。那时，凡属于他的信但不属于他的爱的，都会消失，因为它不在人的里面，因而不属于这个人（553，2364，10153）。
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474. 有必要认识到, 构成人的, 是意愿; 思维只有在从意愿发出的情况下才构成人; 行为和作为则从这二者发出; 换言之, 构成人的, 是爱, 信只有在从爱发出的情况下才构成人; 行为或作为则从这二者发出. 因此, 意愿或爱才是这个人自己, 因为凡发出之物都属于它从中所发出的那个人. 发出就是被产生并以适合感知和视觉的形式被呈现出来. 这一切清楚表明何为与爱分离之信, 即它根本不是信, 仅仅是没有属灵生命在里面的知识. 与爱分离的行为也一样, 即它根本不是生命的行为或作为, 而是死亡的行为或作为, 只拥有一种源于邪恶之爱和虚假信仰的表象. 这种生命的表象就是所谓的属灵死亡.
注: 人的意愿是其生命的本质存在, 因为它是爱或良善的容器, 理解力是由此而来的生命显现, 因为它是信仰或真理的容器(天国的奥秘 3619, 5002, 9282节). 因此, 意愿的生命是人的主要生命, 理解力的生命由此发出(天国的奥秘 585, 590, 3619, 7342, 8885, 9282, 10076, 10109, 10110节). 正如光从火或火焰发出(天国的奥秘 6032, 6314节). 由此可推知, 人之为人, 凭的是他的意愿和由此而来的理解力(天国的奥秘 8911, 9069, 9071, 10076, 10109, 10110节). 人人都照其意愿和由此而来的理解力之良善而被爱和看重, 因为人若意愿和理解的好, 就会被爱和看重; 人若理解的好, 意愿的不好, 则被弃绝和贬低(天国的奥秘 8911, 10076节). 人死后仍保持其意愿和由此而来的理解力之品质(天国的奥秘 9069, 9071, 9386, 10153节). 这意味着人死后仍保持其爱和由此而来的信之品质; 那时, 凡属于其信, 却不属于其爱的, 都会消失, 因为它不在人里面, 因而并非此人的一部分(天国的奥秘 553, 2364, 10153节).
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474. 我們當知, 人的意志如何, 則此人如何, 而思想只有在出於意志的情況下才是;進一步說, 行為只有在出於二者的情況下才是。換言之, 人之仁如何, 則此人如何, 而信只有在出於仁的情況下才是;進一步說, 行為只有在出於二者的情況下才是。這意味著仁或意志乃人之本, 因為所出皆屬於其所從出。"出"就是以適當的形式產生和表現出來。
由此可知, 信若離了仁就不是信, 只是一些知識罷了, 當中沒有生命。行為若缺失仁, 這樣的行為便是死的, 不是活的行為, 只是惡欲和謬見所表現的假像而已。這種生命的假像, 我們稱之為"靈性的死亡"。
474. We do need to recognize, though, that volition makes us who we are. Thought does so only to the extent that it arises from our volition, while deeds and works come from both. Or in other words, love is what makes us who we are; faith does so only to the extent that it arises from love, and deeds and works come from both. It follows from this that love or intent is the actual person, for the things that come forth belong to the person they come forth from. To come forth is to be produced and presented in a form suited to observation and sight. 1
We may gather from this what faith is apart from love - no faith at all, only information with no spiritual life in it. The same holds true for deeds apart from love. They are not deeds or works of life at all, only deeds or works of death containing some semblance of life derived from a love of evil and a faith in what is false. This semblance of life is what we call spiritual death.
Footnotes:
1. Our volition is the essential reality of our life, since it is the vessel of love or what is good; and our intellect is the consequent manifestation of life because it is the vessel of faith or what is true: Arcana Coelestia 3619, 5002, 9282; so our voluntary life is our primary life and our intellectual life is secondary to it: 585, 590, 3619, 7342, 8885, 9282, 10076, 10109-10110. It is like light from a fire or flame: 6032, 6314. It follows from this that we are human because of our volition and our consequent intellect: 8911, 9069, 9071, 10076, 10109-10110. Every individual is loved and valued by others in proportion to the virtue of her or his intentions and the consequent thought. We are loved and valued if we intend well and understand well, rejected and demeaned if we understand well but do not intend well: 8911, 10076. After death we retain the quality of our intentions and our consequent understanding: 9069, 9071, 9386, 10153. This means that after death we retain the quality of our love and faith. Any elements that are matters of faith but not at the same time of love vanish then because they are not within us and therefore are not part of us: 553, 2364, 10153.
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474. But it ought to be known that it is the will that makes the man, while thought makes the man only so far as it goes forth from the will; and deeds and works go forth from both; or what is the same, it is love that makes the man, and faith only so far as it goes forth from love; and deeds or works go forth from both. Consequently, the will or love is the man himself, for whatever things go forth belong to that from which they go forth. To go forth is to be brought forth and presented in suitable form in order to be perceived and seen. 1From these things it can be confirmed what faith is when separated from love, namely, that it is no faith, but mere knowledge, which has no spiritual life in it; likewise what a deed or work is apart from love, namely, that it is not a deed or work of life, but a deed or work of death, which possesses an appearance of life from an evil love and a false faith. This appearance of life is what is called spiritual death.
Footnotes:
1. The will of man is the very being (esse) of his life, because it is the receptacle of love or good, and the understanding is the manifestation (existere) of life therefrom, because it is the receptacle of faith or truth (Arcana Coelestia 3619, 5002, 9282).
Thus the life of the will is the chief life of man, and the life of the understanding proceeds therefrom (Arcana Coelestia 585, 590, 3619, 7342, 8885, 9282, 10076, 10109-10110).
In the same way as light proceeds from fire or flame (Arcana Coelestia 6032, 6314).
From this it follows that man is man by virtue of his will and his understanding therefrom (Arcana Coelestia 8911, 9069, 9071, 10076, 10109-10110).
Every man is loved and esteemed by others in accordance with the good of his will and of his understanding therefrom, for he who wills well and understands well is loved and esteemed; and he who understands well and does not will well is set aside and despised (Arcana Coelestia 8911, 10076).
Man death man continues to be such as his will is, and his understanding therefrom (Arcana Coelestia 9069, 9071, 9386, 10153).
Consequently, after death man continues to be such as his love is, and his faith therefrom; and whatever belongs to his faith and not also to his love then vanishes, because it is not in the man, thus not of the man (Arcana Coelestia 553, 2364, 10153).
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474. But it must be understood that it is the will that makes the man, while thought makes the man only so far as it goes forth from the will; and deeds and works go forth from both; or what is the same, it is love that makes the man, and faith only so far as it goes forth from love; and deeds or works go forth from both. Consequently, the will or love is the man himself, for whatever goes forth belongs to that from which it goes forth. To go forth is to be brought forth and presented in suitable form for being perceived and seen. 1All this makes clear what faith is when separated from love, namely, that it is no faith, but mere knowledge, which has no spiritual life in it; likewise what a deed or work is apart from love, namely, that it is not a deed or work of life, but a deed or work of death, which possesses an appearance of life from an evil love and a belief in what is false. This appearance of life is what is called spiritual death.
Footnotes:
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474. At sciendum est, quod voluntas faciat hominem, ac cogitatio modo quantum procedit ex voluntate, et quod facta aut opera procedant ex utraque; seu, quod idem est, quod amor faciat hominem, ac fides modo quantum procedit ex amore, et quod facta seu opera procedant ex utraque: inde sequitur, quod voluntas aut amor sit ipse homo, nam quae procedunt, sunt illius a quo procedunt; procedere est produci ac sisti in forma conveniente ut appercipiatur et appareat. 1Ex his constare potest, quid fides separata ab amore, quod nempe sit nulla fides, sed modo scientia, quae nullam spiritualem vitam in se habet; similiter quid factum aut opus absque amore, quod nempe non sit factum seu opus vitae, sed quod sit factum seu opus mortis, cui apparens vitae inest ex amore mali et ex fide falsi; hoc apparens vitae est, quod vocatur mors spiritualis.
Footnotes: