171、关于虚假。虚假的种类有很多，和邪恶一样多；事实上，邪恶和虚假保持其源头的性质，这些源头也有很多（1188，1212，4729，4822，7574节）。有来自邪恶的虚假，或邪恶之虚假；有来自虚假的邪恶，或虚假之邪恶；以及由此而来的进一步的虚假（1679，2243节）。从一个被当作第一原则的虚假会流出在一个长长的连续系列中的虚假（1510，1511，4717，4721节）。有来自爱自己爱世界的欲望的虚假，又有来自感官谬误的虚假（1295，4729节）。有宗教的虚假，有无知的虚假（4729，8318，9258节）。有包含某种良善的虚假，有不包含良善的虚假（2863，9304，10109，10302节）。也有被歪曲的事物（7318，7319，10648节）。
邪恶之虚假的性质（6359，9304，10302节）。虚假之邪恶的性质（2408，4818，7272，8265，8279节）。来自邪恶的虚假看似包围地狱的迷雾和不洁的水（8137，8146，8210节）。这些水表示虚假（739，790，7307节）。地狱里的人出于邪恶说虚假的话（1695，7351，7352，7357，7392，7699节）。那些陷入邪恶的人当从自己思考时，只能思想虚假（7437节）。
有些宗教虚假与良善一致，有些虚假则不一致（9258节）。除了那些陷入生活的邪恶之人外，不与良善相冲突的宗教虚假不会产生邪恶（8318节）。宗教虚假不会归咎于那些处于良善的人，但会归咎于那些陷入邪恶的人（8051，8149节）。一切虚假都能被确认，然后看似真理（5033，6865，8521，8780节）。要小心谨慎，防止宗教虚假被确认，因为虚假的说服主要由此产生（845，8780节）。虚假的说服何等有害（794，806，5096，7686节）。虚假的说服不断激发诸如确认虚假的那类事物（1510，1511，2477节）。那些被虚假说服的人从内在被囚禁（5096节）。在来世，那些被虚假强烈说服的人当靠近其他人时，会关闭那些人的理性，可以说窒息它（3895，5128节）。
非纯正的真理，以及虚假，可与纯正真理联系在一起；不过，只有包含某种良善的虚假可以，有邪恶在里面的虚假则不能（3470，3471，4551，4552，7344，8149，9298节）。包含某种良善的虚假被主当作真理来接受（4736，8149节）。从虚假获得其品质的良善若是在无知和纯真中行出的，并有一个良善的目的，就会被主接纳（7887节）。
邪恶歪曲真理，因为它把真理弯向并应用于邪恶（8094，8149节）。真理当通过确认被应用于邪恶时，可称为一种歪曲（8062节）。被歪曲的真理反对真理和良善（8062节）。关于对真理的歪曲的详情（参看7318，7319，10648节）。
171、谬误。有无数种谬误，它们事实上和邪恶的数量一样多。邪恶和谬误保持着它们源头的特性，这源头也千差万别 （1188，1212，4729，4822，7574）。一类是源自邪恶的谬误，或基于邪恶的谬误。另一类是源自谬误的邪恶，或基于谬误的邪恶，转而又生出更多的谬误 （1679，2243）。若一个谬见首先被认定成原则，一系列谬见就可以随之滋生出来 （1510，1511，4717，4721）。有因己欲和物欲而产生的谬误，也有来自感官错觉的谬误 （1295，4729）。有宗教教导导致的谬误，还有无知产生的谬误 （4729，8318，9258）。有的谬误含有良善，有的不包含良善 （2863，9304，10109，10302）。还有因篡改导致的谬误（7318，7319，10648）。
来自邪恶的谬误的特性描述在下面几节 （6359，7272，9304，10302）。来自谬误的邪恶的特性则在这几节里讨论 （2408，4818，7272，8265，8279）。地狱被来自邪恶的谬误缠绕，看上去就像暴风云和肮脏的水（8138，8146，8210）。这样的水象征谬误 （739，790，7307）。地狱里的人谈论着发自邪恶的谬误 （1695，7351，7352，7357，7392，7699）。当欲念邪恶的人靠自己去思想时，他们除了谬误，别无他念 （7437）。
有些谬误的宗教信念能和良善和睦相处，而有些则不能 （9258）。当谬误的宗教信念和良善不发生冲突时，它不会产生邪恶，除非其中的人故意去生活邪恶 （8318）。宗教谬误不能归罪给良善的人，但是会归罪给那些邪恶的人（8051，8149）。每个谬误都可能被信奉，那时它看上去像真理 （5033，6865，8521，8780）。在宗教信仰上，人应该慎重以避免信奉宗教谬误，因为人在这方面尤其容易被导入歧途 （845，8780）。下面几节讨论谬误的信仰何等有害 （794，806，5096，7686）。谬误的信仰总是引发辩论以支持他们的谬误 （1510，1511，2477）。信奉谬误的人其内在已被囚禁 （5096）。在来世，当极端信奉谬误的人靠近其他人时，会阻塞后者的理性，窒息他们 （3895，5128）。
不真实的真理及谬误有可能与真实的真理结合，而只有内含良善的谬误才会如此，内中邪恶的谬误不会 （3470，3471，4551，4552，7344，8149，9298）。若谬误内含良善，主可以当作真理接纳 （4736，8149）。任何良善的行为若被谬误扭曲，仍可被主接纳，只要其目地良善，发生在不知情和无辜之际 （7887）。
邪恶篡改真理，因为邪恶使真理偏向邪恶并应用于邪恶 （8094，8149）。一个真理若被应用于邪恶且得到辩护，就被称为篡改 （8602）。篡改的真理与真理和良善相反 （8602）。关于真理的篡改，更多详情见这几节 （7318，7319，10648）。
171. Falsity. There are many kinds of falsity-as many as there are kinds of evil, in fact-and evils and falsities retain the nature of their sources, which are many: 1188, 1212, 4729, 4822, 7574. Falsity that comes from evil, or evil-based falsity, is one thing; evil that comes from falsity, or falsity-based evil, which leads in turn to further falsity, is another: 1679, 2243. From any false idea that is taken as a first principle further false ideas flow in an unbroken series: 1510, 1511, 4717, 4721. There are falsities that are the result of cravings arising from our love for ourselves and for the world, and there are falsities that are the result of misleading sensory impressions: 1295, 4729. There are falsities that arise from what our religion has taught us and there are falsities that arise from our ignorance: 4729, 8318, 9258. There is falsity that contains some good and there is falsity that contains no good: 2863, 9304, 10109, 10302. There are also things that have been falsified: 7318, 7319, 10648.
The nature of falsity that comes from evil: 6359, 9304, 10302. The nature of evil that comes from falsity: 2408, 4818, 7272, 8265, 8279. The hells are surrounded by falsities that come from evil, which look like storm clouds and unclean waters: 8137, 8146, 8210. Waters like these symbolize falsities: 739, 790, 7307. The things that are said by the people who are in hell are falsities that come from evil: 1695, 7351, 7352, 7357, 7392, 7699. Left to their own devices, people intent on evil cannot think anything but falsity: 7437.
Some false religious beliefs harmonize with what is good and some do not: 9258. False religious beliefs that do not clash with what is good do not lead to evil except in people who are intent on leading an evil life: 8318. False religious beliefs are not held against people who are intent on doing good, but they are held against people who are intent on doing evil: 8051, 8149. Every falsity is something we can convince ourselves of, and when we have done so it seems to us to be the truth: 5033, 6865, 8521, 8780. We should be careful not to convince ourselves of falsity in matters of religion because in this arena we are particularly susceptible to false convictions: 845, 8780. How damaging false convictions are: 794, 806, 5096, 7686. False convictions continually generate arguments to support their own falsity: 1510, 1511, 2477. People who are convinced of falsities are inwardly imprisoned: 5096. In the other life, when those who have powerful false convictions encounter other people they shut down the rationality of those others and virtually suffocate them: 3895, 5128.
Truths that are not genuine and even falsities can be associated with genuine truths, but only falsities within which there is goodness, not falsities within which there is evil: 3470, 3471, 4551, 4552, 7344, 8149, 9298. If falsities have goodness within them, they are accepted by the Lord as if they were truths: 4736, 8149. Any act of goodness whose quality has been shaped by falsity is accepted by the Lord if it was done in ignorance and innocence, and if the aim behind it was good: 7887.
Evil falsifies truth because it bends it toward something evil and applies it to that evil: 8094, 8149. A truth that has been applied to some evil and used to support it is called a falsification: 8062. Falsified truth is opposed to what is true and what is good: 8062. More on falsifications of truth: 7318, 7319, 10648.
171. Not translated.
171. Concerning Falsity. There are innumerable kinds of falsity, namely, as many as there are evils; and evils and falsities are according to their origins, which are many, Arcana Coelestia 1188, 1212, 4729, 4822, 7574. There is a falsity from evil, that is, the falsity of evil; and there is an evil from falsity, that is, the evil of falsity; and there is again falsity therefrom, Arcana Coelestia 1679, 2243. From a falsity which has been assumed as a principle, falsities flow in a long series, Arcana Coelestia 1510, 1511, 4717, 4721. There is a falsity from the lusts of the love of self and of the world; and there is a falsity from the fallacies of the senses, Arcana Coelestia 1295, 4729. There are falsities of religion, and there are falsities of ignorance, Arcana Coelestia 4729, 8318, 9258. There is falsity in which is good, and falsity in which there is no good, Arcana Coelestia 2683, 9304, 10109, 10302. There is what is falsified, Arcana Coelestia 7318, 7319, 10648.
The falsity of evil, its quality, Arcana Coelestia 6359, 7272, 9304, 10302. The evil of falsity, its quality, Arcana Coelestia 2408, 4818, 7272, 8265, 8279. The falsities from evil appear like rain-clouds and impure waters over the hells, Arcana Coelestia 8137, 8138, 8146. Such waters also signify falsities, Arcana Coelestia 739, 790, 7307. Those who are in hell speak falsities from evil, Arcana Coelestia 1693, 7351, 7352, 7357, 7392, 7699. Those who are in evil cannot do otherwise than think what is false when they think from themselves, Arcana Coelestia 7437.
There are falsities of religion which agree with good, and such as disagree, Arcana Coelestia 9258. If falsities of religion do not disagree with good, they produce evil only with those who are in evil of life, Arcana Coelestia 8318. Falsities of religion are not imputed to those who are in good, but to those who are in evil, Arcana Coelestia 8051, 8149. Every falsity may be confirmed, and when it has been confirmed it appears like truth, Arcana Coelestia 5033, 6865, 8521, 8780. The confirmation of falsities of religion ought to be carefully guarded against, because chiefly by such means arises a persuasion of falsity, Arcana Coelestia 845, 8780. How injurious the persuasion of falsity, Arcana Coelestia 794, 806, 5096, 7686. The persuasion of falsity constantly stirs up confirmations of falsity, Arcana Coelestia 1510, 1511, 1677. Those who are in the persuasion of falsity are inwardly bound, Arcana Coelestia 5096. When those who are in a strong persuasion of falsity, in the other life approach others, they close up their Rational, and as it were suffocate them, Arcana Coelestia 3895, 5128.
Truths which are not genuine, and also falsities, may be consociated with genuine truths; but such falsities as contain good, and not falsities in which is evil, Arcana Coelestia 3470, 3471, 4551, 4552, 7344, 8149, 9298. Falsities in which there is good are accepted by the Lord as truths, Arcana Coelestia 4736, 8149. The good, the quality of which comes from a falsity, is accepted by the Lord, if there be ignorance, and in it innocence, and a good end, Arcana Coelestia 7887.
Evil falsities truth, because it leads the truth away towards evil, and applies it to evil, Arcana Coelestia 8094, 8149. Truth is said to be falsified, when through confirmation it has been applied to evil, Arcana Coelestia 8062. Falsified truth is opposed to truth and good, Arcana Coelestia 8062. Further statements concerning the falsifications of truth, see Arcana Coelestia 7318, 7319, 10648.
171. Of Falsity.
There are innumerable kinds of falsity, namely, as many as there are evils, and evils and falsities are according to their origins, which are many (n. 1188, 1212, 4729, 4822, 7574). There is falsity from evil, or the falsity of evil; and there is evil from the falsity, or the evil of falsity; and falsity again from thence (n. 1679, 2243). From one falsity that is assumed as a principle, falsities flow in a long series (n. 1 510, 1511, 4717, 4721). There is falsity from the lusts of the love of self and of the world; and there is falsity from the fallacies of the senses (n. 1295, 4729). There are falsities of religion; and there are falsities of ignorance (n. 4729, 8318, 9258). There is falsity which contains good, and falsity which does not contain good (n. 2863, 9304, 10109, 10302). There is what is falsified (n. 7318, 7319, 10648).
The quality of the falsity of evil (n. 6359, 7272, 9304, 10302). The quality of the evil of falsity (n. 2408, 4818, 7272, 8265, 8279). The falsities from evil appear like mists, and impure waters over the hells (n. 8138, 8146, 8210). Such waters signify falsities (n. 739, 790[1-4], 7307). They who are in hell speak falsities from evil (n. 1695, 7351, 7352, 7357, 7392, 7699). They who are in evil cannot do otherwise than think what is false when they think from themselves (n. 7437).
There are falsities of religion which agree with good, and falsities which disagree (n. 9258). Falsities of religion, if they do not disagree with good, do not produce evil but with those who are in evil of life (n. 8318). Falsities of religion are not imputed to those who are in good, but to those who are in evil (n. 8051, 8149). Every falsity may be confirmed, and then it appears like truth (n. 5033, 6865, 8521, 8780). Care should be taken lest falsities of religion be confirmed, since the persuasion of falsity principally arises from thence (n. 845, 8780). How hurtful the persuasion of falsity is (n. 794, 806, 5096, 7686). A persuasion of falsity is perpetually exciting such things as confirm falsities (n. 1510, 1511, 2477). They who are in the persuasion of falsity are interiorly bound (n. 5096). In the other life, they who are in a strong persuasion of falsity, when they approach others, close up their rational, and as it were suffocate it (n. 3895, 5128).
Truths which are not genuine, and also falsities, may be consociated with genuine truths; but falsities which contain good, and not falsities in which is evil (n. 3470, 3471, 4551, 4552, 7344, 8149, 9298). Falsities which contain good are received by the Lord as truths (n. 4736, 8149). The good which has its quality from falsity is accepted by the Lord, if there is ignorance, and therein is innocence and a good end (n. 7887).
Evil falsifies truth, because it draws aside and applies truth to evil (n. 8094, 8149). Truth is said to be falsified, when it is applied to evil by confirmations (n. 8602). Falsified truth is contrary to truth and good (n. 8602). For further particulars respecting the falsification of truth (see n. 7318, 7319, 10648).
171. De Falso.
Quod innumerabilia genera falsi sint, quot nempe mala; et quod mala et falsa sint secundum origines, quae plures (Arcana Coelestia 1188, 1212, 4729, 4822, 7574).
Quod sit falsum ex malo seu falsum mali, et quod sit malum ex falso seu malum falsi, ac iterum inde falsum (Arcana Coelestia 1679, 2243).
Quod ex falso, quod principii loco sumitur, fluant falsa in longa serie (Arcana Coelestia 1510, 1511, 4717, 4721).
Quod sit falsum ex cupiditatibus amoris sui et mundi; et quod sit falsum ex fallaciis sensuum (Arcana Coelestia 1295, 4729).
Quod sint falsa religionis, et quod sint falsa ignorantiae (Arcana Coelestia 4729, 8318, 9258).
Quod sit falsum in quo bonum, et falsum in quo non bonum (Arcana Coelestia 2863, 9304, 10109, 10302).
Quod sit falsificatum (Arcana Coelestia 7318, 7319, 10648).
De falso mali quale (Arcana Coelestia 6359, 7272, 9304, 10302).
De malo falsi quale (Arcana Coelestia 2408, 4818, 7272, 8266, [8265?], 8279).
Quod falsa ex malo appareant sicut nimbi, et sicut aquae impurae, supra inferna (Arcana Coelestia 8138, 8148, 8217 (8146, 8210?)).
Quod etiam tales aquae significent falsa (Arcana Coelestia 739, 790, 7307).
Quod qui in inferno sunt, loquantur falsa ex malo (Arcana Coelestia 1695, 7351, 7352, 7357, 7392, 7698, [7699?],.
Quod qui in malo sunt, non possint nisi quam falsum, dum ex se, cogitare (Arcana Coelestia 7437).
Quod dentur falsa religionis quae concordant cum bono, et quod dentur quae discordant (Arcana Coelestia 9258).
Quod falsa religionis, si non discordant cum bono, non producant malum nisi quam apud illos qui in malo vitae sunt (Arcana Coelestia 8318).
Quod falsa religionis non imputentur illis qui in bono sunt, sed illis qui in malo (Arcana Coelestia 8051, 8149).
Quod omne falsum confirmari possit, et cum confirmatum est appareat sicut verum (Arcana Coelestia 5033, 6865, 8521, 8780).
Quod cavendum sit ne falsa religionis confirmentur, quia inde praecipue persuasio falsi (Arcana Coelestia 845, 8780).
Persuasio falsi quam damnosa (Arcana Coelestia 794, 806, 5096, 7686).
Quod persuasio falsi excitet continue confirmantia falsi (Arcana Coelestia 1510, 1511, 2475, [2477?],.
Quod qui in persuasione falsi sunt, interius vincti sint (Arcana Coelestia 5096).
Quod qui in forti persuasivo falsi sunt, in altera vita cum approximant ad alios, occludant rationale eorum, et quasi suffocent (Arcana Coelestia 3895, 5128).
Quod vera non genuina, et quoque falsa, consociari possint cum veris genuinis; sed falsa in quibus bonum, non autem falsa in quibus malum (Arcana Coelestia 3470, 3471, 4551, 4552, 7344, 8149, 9298).
Quod falsa in quibus bonum recipiantur a Domino ut vera (Arcana Coelestia 4736, 8149).
Quod bonum, cujus quale est a falso, acceptetur a Domino, si ignorantia sit, et in illa innocentia, ac finis bonus (Arcana Coelestia 7887).
Quod malum falsificet verum, quia deducit verum ad malum, et applicat malo (Arcana Coelestia 8044, [8094?], 8149).
Verum falsificatum dicitur, quod applicatum est malo per confirmationes (Arcana Coelestia 8602, [8062?],).
Quod falsificatum verum sit contra verum et bonum (Arcana Coelestia 8602, [8062?],.
Porro de falsificationibus veri (Arcana Coelestia 7318, 7319, 10648).